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Os anos transcorridos entre a emancipação política do Brasil e o término da experiência regencial caracterizaram-se pelos embates em torno da definição das linhas mestras do arranjo político que conformaria o novo Estado que se buscava forjar. Chamado a participar deste momento ímpar da história política brasileira, o clero apresentou-se como um dos segmentos numericamente mais fortes do Parlamento. Com base nesta constatação, o presente estudo busca compreender as íntimas relações estabelecidas entre religião e política no Império e como se deu a participação dos padres políticos no processo de construção das bases do Estado brasileiro. A partir da análise da trajetória dos padres presentes na Assembleia Constituinte de 1823 e na Assembleia Geral do Brasil, ao longo das quatro primeiras legislaturas do Império, transcorridas entre 1826 e 1841, procuramos lançar luz a três questões chave. A primeira refere-se à conjunção de fatores que levou os padres a entrarem para o mundo formal da política, via processo eleitoral. A segunda diz respeito a envolvimento do clero com as discussões que perpassaram a problemática da distribuição do poder entre o centro e a periferia do Império, entre poder executivo e legislativo, e entre o poder temporal e o espiritual. A terceira questão trata, por fim, das motivações religiosas que se encontravam por trás das inúmeras batalhas travadas pelos padres no Parlamento que traduziam sua expectativa de inaugurar uma nova fase da história do catolicismo brasileiro. / The years between Brazils political emancipation and the end of the Regency experiment are characterized by conflicts over the definition of the outlines of political arrangement which would form the new state which was being created. The clergy was called to participate in this unique moment of Brazilian political history and it was one of the numerically strongest segments of the Parliament. Based on this evidence, this study seeks to understand the intimate relations between religion and politics in the Empire and how was the participation of political priests in the process of building the Brazilian state foundations. From the analysis of the trajectory of the priests present at the Constituent Assembly of 1823 and the General Assembly of Brazil, during the first four legislatures of the Empire, between 1826 and 1841, we focus on three key issues. The first refers to the conjunction of factors which led priests to enter into the formal world of politics, via electoral process. The second concerns the involvement of the clergy in discussions which problematized matters of power distribution within the Imperial center/periphery; between the Executive and the Legislative; and between the historical and the spiritual. Finally, the third point refers to the religious motivation underlying numerous battles in the Parliament among the priests, which conveyed their expectations of opening a new phase in the history of Brazilian Catholicism.

Os anos transcorridos entre a emancipação política do Brasil e o término da experiência regencial caracterizaram-se pelos embates em torno da definição das linhas mestras do arranjo político que conformaria o novo Estado que se buscava forjar. Chamado a participar deste momento ímpar da história política brasileira, o clero apresentou-se como um dos segmentos numericamente mais fortes do Parlamento. Com base nesta constatação, o presente estudo busca compreender as íntimas relações estabelecidas entre religião e política no Império e como se deu a participação dos padres políticos no processo de construção das bases do Estado brasileiro. A partir da análise da trajetória dos padres presentes na Assembleia Constituinte de 1823 e na Assembleia Geral do Brasil, ao longo das quatro primeiras legislaturas do Império, transcorridas entre 1826 e 1841, procuramos lançar luz a três questões chave. A primeira refere-se à conjunção de fatores que levou os padres a entrarem para o mundo formal da política, via processo eleitoral. A segunda diz respeito a envolvimento do clero com as discussões que perpassaram a problemática da distribuição do poder entre o centro e a periferia do Império, entre poder executivo e legislativo, e entre o poder temporal e o espiritual. A terceira questão trata, por fim, das motivações religiosas que se encontravam por trás das inúmeras batalhas travadas pelos padres no Parlamento que traduziam sua expectativa de inaugurar uma nova fase da história do catolicismo brasileiro. / The years between Brazils political emancipation and the end of the Regency experiment are characterized by conflicts over the definition of the outlines of political arrangement which would form the new state which was being created. The clergy was called to participate in this unique moment of Brazilian political history and it was one of the numerically strongest segments of the Parliament. Based on this evidence, this study seeks to understand the intimate relations between religion and politics in the Empire and how was the participation of political priests in the process of building the Brazilian state foundations. From the analysis of the trajectory of the priests present at the Constituent Assembly of 1823 and the General Assembly of Brazil, during the first four legislatures of the Empire, between 1826 and 1841, we focus on three key issues. The first refers to the conjunction of factors which led priests to enter into the formal world of politics, via electoral process. The second concerns the involvement of the clergy in discussions which problematized matters of power distribution within the Imperial center/periphery; between the Executive and the Legislative; and between the historical and the spiritual. Finally, the third point refers to the religious motivation underlying numerous battles in the Parliament among the priests, which conveyed their expectations of opening a new phase in the history of Brazilian Catholicism.

Dans le cadre général d’une interrogation sur le renouvellement de la tragédie classique française à l’époque de la Régence (1715-1723), le travail étudie plus spécifiquement la manière dont la recherche de l’effet tragique conduit à la naissance de la tragédie philosophique. Ce travail prend appui sur l’analyse des pièces représentées à la Comédie-Française au cours de cette période et accorde une attention particulière à leur réception contemporaine dans la presse périodique et dans les brochures. Il envisage d’abord les recherches de renouvellement de la tragédie à partir de deux polémiques, la Querelle des Anciens et des Modernes et la querelle sur la moralité du théâtre, en montrant comment la réflexion sur le théâtre conduit les auteurs à chercher des effets dramatiques mieux adaptés aux attentes d’un public dont la sensibilité évolue au début du XVIIIe siècle. Il établit ensuite que la production d’un plus grand effet est liée, d’une part, à l’intensification de l’effet de terreur à travers la mise en scène du personnage odieux et, d’autre part, à la recherche d’une plus grande action grâce à l’exploitation des éléments du sacré (oracles, prêtres et chœur). Il démontre enfin que, si les impiétés relevées dans un certain nombre de tragédies ne visent qu’à la production d’un plus grand effet, l’Œdipe de Voltaire peut être considéré comme la première tragédie philosophique dans la mesure où le dramaturge met en œuvre une véritable stratégie critique et où les attaques contre la religion sont clairement perçues par le public contemporain. Le travail analyse ainsi de quelle manière les mutations qui affectent le dispositif dramaturgique dans cette quête de l’effet peuvent faire de la tragédie le lieu de la diffusion des idées qui participent de l’émergence des Lumières. Le phénomène est déterminant pour les combats philosophiques à venir ainsi que pour la transformation de la société que les philosophes vont chercher à faire advenir grâce à un support accessible à un large public. / Within the quest of renewal of the French Classical Tragedy of Regency period (1715-1723); the work closely explores the way how looking for a tragic impact leads to the philosophical tragedy birth. This work is grounded on an analysis of the French Comedy dramas performed during this period, but in the process, it gives a special attention to their contemporaneous acceptance in periodicals and brochures. First of all, the work speculates about the tragedy renewal in terms of two polemics – the dispute between Olds and News, and the dispute about theatre morality, but in this process it demonstrates how the thoughts of a theatre lead authors to the searching of the better adapted dramatic impact in view of spectators’ expectation whose sensibility is under evolution in the low of 18th century. Afterwards, the work specifies how the greater impact generating is related to a rising intensity of a great fear through a baddy on the one hand and to the searching for a greater story through numinous elements (prophecy, priesthood and choir) on the other hand. Finally, the work shows the fact how far the blasphemies found in some tragedies are calculated only to make a greater impact, on the contrary the Voltaire’s Oedipus can be considered as the first philosophical tragedy with respect to the fact when a dramatist creates the real critical strategy and to the fact when the tilts at religion are distinctly perceived by contemporary spectators. Thus, the work analyses a phenomenon how the changes related to the dramaturgical “statement” under the impact seeking can change the tragedy into the instrument for dispensing ideas which are a part of the Enlightenment birth. This phenomenon is prevailing both for future philosophical fights and for society transformation whereof philosophers will strive this via a medium available to a general audience.