Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:34:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LuisASF_DISSERT.pdf: 866216 bytes, checksum: 7f6431a272efba611618d9c846cb275b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-01-19 / The economic transformations in the world, the end of World War II, listing significant changes in production structures and labor market in the world. Initially developed countries realize these changes and subsequently developing countries. The changes in production patterns, especially with the crisis of Fordism, peripheral countries further accentuated the problems in the workplace. Flexible accumulation, in turn, was responsible for significant changes in the labor market at the periphery of global capitalism. This restructuring process, in Brazil, begun from the end of the 1980s and early 1990s, being more accentuated the impacts on the labor market in the poorest regions of the country, particularly the Northeast. In that sense, this thesis aims to evaluate the job market in the metropolitan areas of Fortaleza, Recife and Salvador in light of the transformation process in the production structures and labor market and its influences in the 2000s. The time frame are the years 2001-2008. Data are from the National Household Sample Survey - PNAD and were drawn from the study proposal developed by the Centre of the Metropolis. The study shows that the labor market of the three metropolitan areas continues to be affected by the restructuring process of the late twentieth century. It found high rates of unprotected busy at work is more precarious conditions of employment for non-whites, women, adolescents / young and old. We also highlight the high percentage of employed persons earning income up 1.00 minimum wage, and a large number of persons employed in the tertiary and tertiary non-specialist. With the picture observed in the three metropolitan areas you can see the major problems in the labor market that proliferate, especially in the metropolitan context of the Northeast, with characteristics similar to those observed in the literature that investigated the labor market in 1990 / As transforma??es econ?micas mundiais, do final da Segunda Guerra, elencaram mudan?as significativas nas estruturas produtivas e no mercado de trabalho em todo o mundo. Inicialmente os pa?ses desenvolvidos perceberam essas transforma??es e posteriormente os pa?ses em desenvolvimento. As transforma??es nos modelos de produ??o, sobretudo com a crise do fordismo, nos pa?ses perif?ricos acentuaram ainda mais os problemas no mundo do trabalho. A acumula??o flex?vel, por sua vez, foi respons?vel por transforma??es significativa no mercado de trabalho da periferia do capitalismo global. No Brasil assistiu-se a esse processo de reestrutura??o produtiva a partir do final dos anos de 1980 e inicio dos anos de 1990, sendo mais acentuando os impactos no mercado de trabalho nas regi?es mais pobres do pa?s, sobretudo o Nordeste. Nesse sentido, esta disserta??o tem como objetivo avaliar o mercado de trabalho nas Regi?es Metropolitanas de Fortaleza, Recife e Salvador ? luz do processo de transforma??o nas estruturas produtivas e no mercado de trabalho e suas influencias nos anos 2000. O recorte temporal utilizado s?o os anos de 2001-2008. Os dados s?o da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domic?lios PNAD e foram elaborados a partir da proposta de estudo desenvolvida pelo Observat?rio das Metr?poles. O estudo mostra que o mercado de trabalho das tr?s RMs continua sendo afetado pelo processo de reestrutura??o produtiva do final do s?culo XX. Constatou-se elevados percentuais de ocupados desprotegidos no trabalho sendo mais prec?rias as condi??es dos postos de trabalho para n?o brancos, mulheres, adolescentes/jovens e idosos. Destacam-se ainda elevados percentuais de ocupados auferindo rendimentos em at? 1,00 sal?rio m?nimo, al?m de grande contingente de pessoas ocupadas no terci?rio e terci?rio n?o especializado. Com o quadro observado nas tr?s RMs ? poss?vel perceber os grandes problemas no mercado de trabalho que se proliferam, sobretudo no contexto metropolitano do Nordeste, com caracter?sticas semelhantes ?s observadas na literatura que investigaram o mercado de trabalho nos anos de 1990

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-03-22T19:43:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ElianeBarbosaSantos_TESE.pdf: 12375456 bytes, checksum: 7daa07681473d4db8c2d1385401d3938 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-03-28T20:39:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ElianeBarbosaSantos_TESE.pdf: 12375456 bytes, checksum: 7daa07681473d4db8c2d1385401d3938 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-28T20:39:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ElianeBarbosaSantos_TESE.pdf: 12375456 bytes, checksum: 7daa07681473d4db8c2d1385401d3938 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-24 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Os Eventos de Precipita??o Intensa (EPI) v?m causando grandes preju?zos sociais e econ?micos ?s regi?es atingidas. Na Amaz?nia, esses eventos podem causar importantes impactos principalmente aos n?cleos de ocupa??o populacional nas margens dos seus in?meros rios, pois quando h? eleva??o do n?vel dos rios, em geral, t?m-se inunda??es e enchentes. Neste sentido, o objetivo principal desta pesquisa ? estudar os EPI, com aplica??o da Teoria dos Valores Extremos (TVE), para estimar o per?odo de retorno desses eventos e identificar as regi?es da Amaz?nia Brasileira onde os EPI apresentam seus maiores valores. Para tanto, foram utilizados os dados di?rios de precipita??o da rede hidrometeorol?gica gerenciada pela Ag?ncia Nacional de ?gua e do Banco de Dados Meteorol?gicos para Ensino e Pesquisa do Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia, referente ao per?odo de 1983 a 2012. Primeiramente, regi?es homog?neas de precipita??o foram determinadas, por meio da an?lise de agrupamento, utilizando o m?todo hier?rquico aglomerativo de Ward. Em seguida, s?ries sint?ticas para representar as regi?es homog?neas foram criadas e aplicadas na TVE, por interm?dio da Distribui??o Generalizada de Valores Extremos (Generalized Extreme Value - GEV) e da Distribui??o Generalizada de Pareto (Generalized Pareto Distribution - GPD). A qualidade do ajuste dessas distribui??es foi avaliada pela aplica??o do teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov, que compara as distribui??es emp?ricas acumuladas com as te?ricas. Por ?ltimo, a t?cnica de composi??o foi utilizada para caracterizar os padr?es atmosf?ricos dominantes na ocorr?ncia dos EPI. Os resultados sugerem que a Amaz?nia Brasileira possui seis regi?es pluviometricamente homog?neas. Espera-se que os EPI com maiores valores ocorram nas sub-regi?es do sul e litoral da Amaz?nia. Os eventos mais intensos s?o esperados durante o per?odo chuvoso ou de transi??o, com total di?rio de 146.1, 143.1 e 109.4 mm (GEV) e 201.6, 209.5 e 152.4 mm (GPD), ao menos uma vez ao ano, no sul, litoral e noroeste da Amaz?nia Brasileira, respectivamente. No sul da Amaz?nia, as an?lises de composi??o revelam que os EPI est?o associados com a forma??o da Zona de Converg?ncia do Atl?ntico Sul. No litoral, os EPI devem estar associados com sistemas de mesoescala, como as Linhas de Instabilidade. No noroeste, s?o aparentemente associados ? Zona de Converg?ncia Intertropical e/ou ? convec??o local. / Intense precipitation events (IPE) have been causing great social and economic losses in the affected regions. In the Amazon, these events can have serious impacts, primarily for populations living on the margins of its countless rivers, because when water levels are elevated, floods and/or inundations are generally observed. Thus, the main objective of this research is to study IPE, through Extreme Value Theory (EVT), to estimate return periods of these events and identify regions of the Brazilian Amazon where IPE have the largest values. The study was performed using daily rainfall data of the hydrometeorological network managed by the National Water Agency (Ag?ncia Nacional de ?gua) and the Meteorological Data Bank for Education and Research (Banco de Dados Meteorol?gicos para Ensino e Pesquisa) of the National Institute of Meteorology (Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia), covering the period 1983-2012. First, homogeneous rainfall regions were determined through cluster analysis, using the hierarchical agglomerative Ward method. Then synthetic series to represent the homogeneous regions were created. Next EVT, was applied in these series, through Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) and the Generalized Pareto Distribution (GPD). The goodness of fit of these distributions were evaluated by the application of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, which compares the cumulated empirical distributions with the theoretical ones. Finally, the composition technique was used to characterize the prevailing atmospheric patterns for the occurrence of IPE. The results suggest that the Brazilian Amazon has six pluvial homogeneous regions. It is expected more severe IPE to occur in the south and in the Amazon coast. More intense rainfall events are expected during the rainy or transitions seasons of each sub-region, with total daily precipitation of 146.1, 143.1 and 109.4 mm (GEV) and 201.6, 209.5 and 152.4 mm (GPD), at least once year, in the south, in the coast and in the northwest of the Brazilian Amazon, respectively. For the south Amazonia, the composition analysis revealed that IPE are associated with the configuration and formation of the South Atlantic Convergence Zone. Along the coast, intense precipitation events are associated with mesoscale systems, such Squall Lines. In Northwest Amazonia IPE are apparently associated with the Intertropical Convergence Zone and/or local convection.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:56:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DiegoMG.pdf: 1982662 bytes, checksum: e489eb42e914d358aaeb197489ceb5e4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-01-05 / There has been an increasing tendency on the use of selective image compression, since several applications make use of digital images and the loss of information in certain regions is not allowed in some cases. However, there are applications in which these images are captured and stored automatically making it impossible to the user to select the regions of interest to be compressed in a lossless manner. A possible solution for this matter would be the automatic selection of these regions, a very difficult problem to solve in general cases. Nevertheless, it is possible to use intelligent techniques to detect these regions in specific cases. This work proposes a selective color image compression method in which regions of interest, previously chosen, are compressed in a lossless manner. This method uses the wavelet transform to decorrelate the pixels of the image, competitive neural network to make a vectorial quantization, mathematical morphology, and Huffman adaptive coding. There are two options for automatic detection in addition to the manual one: a method of texture segmentation, in which the highest frequency texture is selected to be the region of interest, and a new face detection method where the region of the face will be lossless compressed. The results show that both can be successfully used with the compression method, giving the map of the region of interest as an input / A compress?o seletiva de imagens tende a ser cada vez mais utilizada, visto que diversas aplica??es fazem uso de imagens digitais que em alguns casos n?o permitem perdas de informa??es em certas regi?es. Por?m, existem aplica??es nas quais essas imagens s?o capturadas e armazenadas automaticamente, impossibilitando a um usu?rio indicar as regi?es da imagem que devem ser comprimidas sem perdas. Uma solu??o para esse problema seria a detec??o autom?tica das regi?es de interesse, um problema muito dif?cil de ser resolvido em casos gerais. Em certos casos, no entanto, pode-se utilizar t?cnicas inteligentes para detectar essas regi?es. Esta disserta??o apresenta um compressor seletivo de imagens coloridas onde as regi?es de interesse, previamente fornecidas, s?o comprimidas totalmente sem perdas. Este m?todo faz uso da transformada wavelet para descorrelacionar os pixels da imagem, de uma rede neural competitiva para realizar uma quantiza??o vetorial, da morfologia matem?tica e do c?digo adaptativo de Huffman. Al?m da op??o da sele??o manual das regi?es de interesse, existem duas op??es de detec??o autom?tica: um m?todo de segmenta??o de texturas, onde a textura com maior freq??ncia ? selecionada para ser a regi?o de interesse, e um novo m?todo de detec??o de faces onde a regi?o da face ? comprimida sem perdas. Os resultados mostram que ambos os m?todos podem ser utilizados com o algoritmo de compress?o, fornecendo a este o mapa de regi?o de interesse

Submitted by SBI Biblioteca Digital (sbi.bibliotecadigital@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2017-03-24T17:26:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 HENRIQUE REZENDE DE CASTRO.pdf: 3998674 bytes, checksum: 512f0552445e945597fd7f2a5cfde508 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-24T17:26:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HENRIQUE REZENDE DE CASTRO.pdf: 3998674 bytes, checksum: 512f0552445e945597fd7f2a5cfde508 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-08 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Metropolitan territories constitute, in the world urban system, fundamental support for the capitalist mode of production and accumulation. Metropolitan management, whose main agent is the State, appears as an important tool to exercise control over the land use planning of such territories, since the state political institutions - government and public administration - would operate under permanent pressure of the interests of capital. Based on this premise, it is assumed that a highly coercive management model would prevail in the sense of centralizing decision by the state apparatus and imposing an agenda of public policies that would favor the production and appropriation of the territory by economic agents. In order to make possible a classification of the existing types of metropolitan management, an analysis instrument was created based on a referential frame with the different types according to the characteristics of the political process of the management. Two case studies were then selected for application of the proposed methodology: the management of the Metropolitan Area of Lisbon, in Portugal, and the metropolitan regions of the state of S?o Paulo, both chosen for the particularities they present in different contexts and for the possibility of comparing the types found. Based on these cases, the aim was to demonstrate the tendency to prevail the coercive model in the contemporary metropolitan management, to the detriment of a territorial cohesion model, which would operate towards a more democratic management, with an agenda based on the reduction of socioeconomic inequalities, which are expressed more severely in the metropolitan territories. / Os territ?rios metropolitanos constituem, no sistema urbano mundial, suporte fundamental para o modo de produ??o e de acumula??o capitalista. A gest?o metropolitana, cujo principal agente ? o Estado, surge como importante ferramenta para exercer o controle sobre o ordenamento de tais territ?rios, uma vez que as institui??es pol?ticas estatais ? governo e administra??o p?blica ? operariam sob permanente press?o dos interesses do capital. Com base nessa premissa, sup?e-se que prevaleceria atualmente um modelo de gest?o marcadamente coercitivo, no sentido da centraliza??o decis?ria pelo aparelho estatal e na imposi??o de uma agenda de pol?ticas p?blicas que favoreceriam prioritariamente a produ??o e a apropria??o do territ?rio pelos agentes econ?micos. De modo a viabilizar uma classifica??o dos tipos existentes de gest?o metropolitana, criou-se um instrumento de an?lise baseado em um quadro referencial com os diferentes tipos segundo as caracter?sticas do processo pol?tico da gest?o. Foram ent?o selecionados dois estudos de caso para aplica??o da metodologia proposta: a gest?o da ?rea Metropolitana de Lisboa, em Portugal, e das regi?es metropolitanas do estado de S?o Paulo, ambos escolhidos pelas particularidades que apresentam em contextos diferentes e pela possibilidade de compara??o dos tipos de gest?o encontrados. Com base nesses casos, procurou-se ent?o demonstrar a tend?ncia de prevalecer o modelo coercitivo na gest?o metropolitana contempor?nea, em detrimento de um modelo de coes?o territorial, que operaria no sentido de uma gest?o mais democr?tica, com uma agenda pautada pela diminui??o das desigualdades socioecon?micas, que se expressam com maior gravidade nos territ?rios metropolitanos.