The aim of this thesis is to analyze the growth performances of regions in Turkey and the role of human capital in this process within the framework of new growth theory. For this aim, it firstly attempts to investigate the evolution of regional income growth differences in Turkey in the period 1980-2000 and the tendency of provinces in Turkey towards income growth convergence. Secondly, by taking a detailed account of human capital, it aims to explore the contribution of human capital differences towards explaining income growth disparities among Turkey&rsquo / s provinces. In this framework, human capital is defined in terms of education, entrepreneurship and innovation.

nÃo hà / The paper makes an empirical analysis of the activities of tourism in CearÃ. The objective was to scale the activities of this segment in the region from about occupations and labor income available to official microdata obtained along the IPECE, IBGE and Ministry of Tourism for the years 1995 to 2012. The results were analyzed from the following data: national and international tourism demand, tourism revenue direct income generated and employment generated by the sector. It was found that the domestic demand is most responsible for generating tourist revenue in the state and within the tourism sector employing most sectors are housing and feeding. Finally, it was found that the evolution of tourist activity takes place along with the evolution of the GDP of the State of Cearà and the tourism sector contributes to a dispersion of regional income, since tourism is concentrated not only in the capital but also in several municipalities in the state. / O trabalho faz uma anÃlise empÃrica das atividades do turismo no CearÃ. O objetivo foi dimensionar as atividades deste segmento na regiÃo a partir de informaÃÃes sobre ocupaÃÃes e renda do trabalho disponÃveis nos dados oficiais obtidos juntamente ao IPECE, IBGE e MinistÃrio do Turismo relativo aos anos de 1995 a 2011. Os resultados foram analisados a partir dos seguintes dados: demanda turÃstica nacional e internacional, receita turÃstica, renda gerada e empregos gerados pelo setor. Verificou-se que a demanda nacional à a maior responsÃvel pela geraÃÃo de receita turÃstica no Estado e que dentro do segmento turÃstico os setores que mais empregam sÃo o de alojamento e alimentaÃÃo. Por fim, ficou constatado que a evoluÃÃo da atividade turÃstica ocorre juntamente com a evoluÃÃo do PIB do Estado do Cearà e que o segmento turÃstico contribui para uma dispersÃo da renda regional, uma vez que o turismo nÃo està concentrado somente na capital, mas tambÃm em diversos municÃpios do interior do Estado.

This paper suggests an empirical framework for analysing income distribution dynamics and cross-region convergence in the European Union of 27 member states, 1995- 2003. The framework lies in the research tradition that allows the state income space to be continuous, puts emphasis on both shape and intra-distribution dynamics and uses stochastic kernels for studying transition dynamics and implied long-run behaviour. In this paper stochastic kernels are described by conditional density functions, estimated by a product kernel estimator of conditional density and represented by means of novel visualisation tools. The technique of spatial filtering is used to account for spatial effects, in order to avoid misguided inferences and interpretations caused by the presence of spatial autocorrelation in the income distributions. The results reveal a slow catching-up of the poorest regions and a process of polarisation, with a small group of very rich regions shifting away from the rest of the cross-section. This is well evidenced by both, the unfiltered and the filtered ergodic density view. Differences exist in detail, and these emphasise the importance to properly deal with the spatial autocorrelation problem. (authors' abstract)

The aim of this study is to determine regional income level and disparities in CEECs and Turkey in a comparison of new 26 NUTS-II regions for Turkey with 49 NUTS-II regions of CEECs in the period of 1995 and 2001 by using the indicator of GDP per capita in terms of purchasing power standard. In this study, furthermore, those questions have been discussed: whether the EU is a chance for reducing regional inequalities and growth of the regional wealth in Turkey, and whether Turkey is another thread for the EU regional policy in the future on the enlargement process for the EU. In this study, it is also examined regional income level and disparities in the EU-15, the EU-25, the EU-27, and the EU-28 in case accession of Turkey to the Union. The analyses are carried out for 207 NUTS-II regions of the EU-15, for the EU-25 (248 NUTS-II), for the EU-27 (262 NUTS-II) and for the EU-28 (288 NUTS-II) in terms of the latest available data of GDP per capita in PPS for 2001. The regional income disparities are discussed by using the most well known measures of regional inequality / i.e., Maximum to Minimum Ratio (MMR), Coefficient of Variation (CV), Relative Mean Deviation (Rw) and Theil Index (T). In case accession of Turkey to the EU, her NUTS-II regions would take an advantage of benefit assistance of the EU regional policy instruments along with the CEECs&rsquo / whereas, the seven NUTS-II regions of current three member states would continue to benefit of this assistance, i.e. 3 NUTS-II regions of Greece, 3 for Portugal and only one NUTS-II region for Spain. In the accession-period of Turkey, which will start accession-negotiations with the EU on 3 October 2005, she should adjust her regional policy and regional development projects in light with the EU regional policy and its financial instruments in order to utilize that advantage.