This thesis is an enquiry into the regulation of immigration through criminal law and its institutions. It looks at the range of immigration offences in British legislation, and whether and how they are being used in practice. The criminalisation of immigration status has historically served functions of exclusion and control against those who defy the state’s powers over its territory and population. In the last two decades, the prerogatives to exclude and punish have been enhanced by the expansion of the catalogue of immigration offences and the more systematic enforcement of these powers. The great reliance on the criminal law to regulate immigration is distinctive of a period in which crime and immigration have been increasingly politicised. As a consequence, more offences have been created and more individuals have been subject to the hybrid immigration and criminal justice system. While immigration offences largely remain under-enforced, some of them –particularly those penalising document fraud and identity stripping- are used against foreign nationals who cannot be removed from the country. In this thesis I explain what I consider to be the most pernicious consequences of this expansion of formal and substantive criminalisation of immigration breaches. The existence of a parallel system of sanctions allows enforcement agencies wide margins of discretion. Therefore, similar cases may be dealt with in very different ways. When the criminal route is chosen, the use of criminal law in the vast majority of cases reaching the criminal courts is unnecessary, disproportionate and extremely harmful. Both the decision to prosecute and the sanction eventually imposed are justified by preventive and regulatory purposes. The actual practice of criminalisation reveals that the criminal procedural safeguards are weakened and those accused of immigration crimes are likely to be convicted and imprisoned for these offences. I conclude that the formal and substantive criminalisation of immigration represents a departure from liberal criminal law principles and the purposes of criminal punishment. These conclusions cast doubts about the pragmatic, non-principled use of criminal law to regulate immigration flows, and call for the need to look at other, more humane alternatives in the treatment of ‘unwelcome’ migrants.

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No / The Notch and Calcineurin/NFAT pathways have both been implicated in control of keratinocyte differentiation. Induction of the p21WAF1/Cip1 gene by Notch 1 activation in differentiating keratinocytes is associated with direct targeting of the RBP-J¿ protein to the p21 promoter. We show here that Notch 1 activation functions also through a second Calcineurin-dependent mechanism acting on the p21 TATA box-proximal region. Increased Calcineurin/NFAT activity by Notch signaling involves downregulation of Calcipressin, an endogenous Calcineurin inhibitor, through a HES-1-dependent mechanism. Besides control of the p21 gene, Calcineurin contributes significantly to the transcriptional response of keratinocytes to Notch 1 activation, both in vitro and in vivo. In fact, deletion of the Calcineurin B1 gene in the skin results in a cyclic alopecia phenotype, associated with altered expression of Notch-responsive genes involved in hair follicle structure and/or adhesion to the surrounding mesenchyme. Thus, an important interconnection exists between Notch 1 and Calcineurin-NFAT pathways in keratinocyte growth/differentiation control.

No / Chemotherapeutic agents induce p53-dependent apoptosis in the hair follicle (HF) resulting in hair loss, a common side effect of cancer therapy. Here, we show that Fas as a p53 target plays important role in the HF response to cyclophosphamide. Specifically, we demonstrate that Fas is up-regulated in HF keratinocytes after cyclophosphamide treatment, Fas ligand-neutralizing antibody partially inhibits HF response to cyclophosphamide in wild-type mice, and Fas knockout mice show significant retardation of cyclophosphamide-induced HF involution associated with reduced Fas-associated death domain and caspase-8 expression. These data raise a possibility to explore blockade of Fas signaling as a part of complex local therapy for inhibiting keratinocyte apoptosis and hair loss induced by chemotherapy.

This diploma thesis solves the construction and technological preparation of the production hall with administration building for company Mont-Tech localized in Brno. The following documents are processed for the project. These are: technical report, coordination situation with wider transport route relationships, time and financial plan for construction, study of the implementation of the main technological stages, design of site facilities, proposal of the main building machines and mechanisms, technological regulations and related control and testing plans. In addition were prepared – the itemized budget of the main buildings, the plan of safety and health protection and construction details.

The aim of this diploma thesis is to create a construction-technological project of the production and storage hall Ahorn CZ, s.r.o. As part of this work, technical report, study of the implementation of the main technological stages, project of the construction site equipment, time and financial plan of the construction, design of the main construction machines and mechanisms, item budget and time schedule were prepared. Further the thesis contains two technological regulations and two control and test plans.

This thesis describes the building of a residential house called Rezidence Sochorova BD02 in Brno, Žabovřesky. The aim was the creation of the main parts of a constructional-technological project focused on the design of transport relations, the construction site facilities and its machinery, the creation of selected technological regulations and their control and testing plans. To secure safety and to protect health during the construction work itself, a risk plan and a suggestion of safety aids was created. In addition, an itemized budget of the construction, a time plan, environmental protection and a financial and time comparison of using a hopper in contrast to a concrete pump.