Fibre-deployment of future telecommunications networks ("Next Generation Access" - NGA) is a major challenge for sector-specific regulators as well as for investing firms. Although the future socioeconomic importance of new telecommunications networks is uncontroversial, the related investment activities vary substantially in international comparison. This work identifies the most important determinants of NGA deployment, using data from the EU27 member states for the years 2005 to 2010. Our results indicate that stricter previous broadband access regulation has a negative impact on NGA deployment, while competitive pressure from broadband and mobile affects NGA deployment in an inverted U-shaped manner. We further find that there are severe adjustment costs and stickiness towards the desired long-term level of NGA infrastructure. It appears that the approach of the European Commission of strict cost-based access regulation will not elicit the huge new investment needed for a comprehensive NGA roll-out. (authors' abstract) / Series: Working Papers / Research Institute for Regulatory Economics

The cell cycle genes homology region (CHR) has been identified as a DNA element with an important role in transcriptional regulation of late cell cycle genes. It has been shown that such genes are controlled by DREAM, MMB and FOXM1-MuvB and that these protein complexes can contact DNA via CHR sites. However, it has not been elucidated which sequence variations of the canonical CHR are functional and how frequent CHR-based regulation is utilized in mammalian genomes. Here, we define the spectrum of functional CHR elements. As the basis for a computational meta-analysis, we identify new CHR sequences and compile phylogenetic motif conservation as well as genome-wide protein-DNA binding and gene expression data. We identify CHR elements in most late cell cycle genes binding DREAM, MMB, or FOXM1-MuvB. In contrast, Myb- and forkhead-binding sites are underrepresented in both early and late cell cycle genes. Our findings support a general mechanism: sequential binding of DREAM, MMB and FOXM1-MuvB complexes to late cell cycle genes requires CHR elements. Taken together, we define the group of CHR-regulated genes in mammalian genomes and provide evidence that the CHR is the central promoter element in transcriptional regulation of late cell cycle genes by DREAM, MMB and FOXM1-MuvB.

Handelshögskolan, Diss.--Göteborg, 2008. / Enth. 4 Beitr.

Universiẗat, Diss--Marburg, 2007.

Ill., Northwestern Univ., Diss.--Evanston, 2003. / Kopie, ersch. im Verl. UMI, Ann Arbor, Mich.

Calif., California Inst. of Technology, Diss.--Pasadena, 2003. / Kopie, ersch. im Verl. UMI, Ann Arbor, Mich.

Zugl.: Stuttgart, Univ., Diss., 2007 / Includes bibliographical references (p. 287-304).

Zugl.: Marburg, Univ., Diss., 2007

Freie Univ., Diss.-2003--Berlin, 2002.

Univ., Diss--Frankfurt, 2003.