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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

What is rehabilitation potential? Development of a theoretical model through the accounts of healthcare professionals working in stroke rehabilitation services

Burton, C.R., Horne, Maria, Woodward-Nutt, K., Bowen, A., Tyrrell, P.J. January 2015 (has links)
No / Multi-disciplinary team members predict each patient’s rehabilitation potential to maximise best use of resources. A lack of underpinning theory about rehabilitation potential makes it difficult to apply this concept in clinical practice. This study theorises about rehabilitation potential drawing on everyday decision-making by Health Care Professionals (HCPs) working in stroke rehabilitation services. Methods: A clinical scenario, checked for face validity, was used in two focus groups to explore meaning and practice around rehabilitation potential. Participants were 12 HCPs working across the stroke pathway. Groups were co-facilitated, audio-recorded and fully transcribed. Analysis paid attention to data grounded in first-hand experience, convergence within and across groups and constructed a conceptual overview of HCPs’ judgements about rehabilitation potential. Results: Rehabilitation potential is predicted by observations of “carry-over” and functional gain and managed differently across recovery trajectories. HCPs’ responses to rehabilitation potential judgements include prioritising workload, working around the system and balancing optimism and realism. Impacts for patients are streaming of rehabilitation intensity, rationing access to rehabilitation and a shifting emphasis between management and active rehabilitation. For staff, the emotional burden of judging rehabilitation potential is significant. Current service organisation restricts opportunities for feedback on the accuracy of previous judgements. Conclusion: Patients should have the opportunity to demonstrate rehabilitation potential by participation in therapy. As therapy resources are limited and responses to therapy may be context-dependent, early decisions about a lack of potential should not limit longer-term opportunities for rehabilitation. Services should develop strategies to enhance the quality of judgements through feedback to HCPs of longer-term patient outcomes.Implications for Rehabilitation Rehabilitation potential is judged at the level of individual patients (rather than population-based predictive models of rehabilitation outcome), draws on different sources of often experiential knowledge, and may be less than reliable. Decisions about rehabilitation potential may have far reaching consequences for individual patients, including the withdrawal of active rehabilitation in hospital or in the community and eventual care placement. A better understanding of what people mean by rehabilitation potential by all team members, and by patients and carers, may improve the quality of joint decision making and communication.
2

Exploration du concept de potentiel de réadaptation en tant que déterminant de l’accès à des services de réadaptation à la suite d’un accident vasculaire cérébral ou d’un traumatisme craniocérébral

Lam Wai Shun, Priscilla 03 1900 (has links)
Au Canada, approximativement 30 000 adultes sont hospitalisés chaque année des suites d’un accident vasculaire cérébral (AVC) et environ 20 000 des suites d’un traumatisme craniocérébral (TCC). Les survivants doivent composer avec de multiples incapacités incluant des difficultés sur les plans physique, cognitif, langagier, émotionnel et comportemental. Les besoins de réadaptation de ces patients sont considérables. Environ 55 % à 78 % des personnes hospitalisées des suites d’un AVC ou d’un TCC requerront des services de réadaptation suivant le congé hospitalier. Les professionnels œuvrant en soins aigus sont sollicités quotidiennement pour évaluer le potentiel de réadaptation de ces patients afin d’identifier ceux qui sont aptes à entreprendre une réadaptation posthospitalière. L’évaluation de ces professionnels constitue donc un élément déterminant de l’accès à des services posthospitaliers de réadaptation. Bien que les professionnels s’appuient couramment sur le concept de potentiel de réadaptation dans leurs prises de décision, il n’existe étonnamment aucune définition consensuelle de ce concept et très peu d’écrits scientifiques sur son évaluation et comment celle-ci guide les décisions d’orientation. Ce projet doctoral propose d’examiner le concept de potentiel de réadaptation chez les personnes ayant subi un AVC ou un TCC et d’explorer l’évaluation de ce concept dans le contexte de prise de décision concernant l’orientation vers des services posthospitaliers de réadaptation. Le projet s’articule autour de trois grandes questions de recherche : (1) Quels sont les facteurs influençant les décisions d’orientation vers des services posthospitaliers de réadaptation pour la clientèle AVC et TCC? (2) Comment le potentiel de réadaptation est-il défini et conceptualisé dans les écrits scientifiques? et (3) À quoi pensent et comment raisonnent les ergothérapeutes impliqués dans l’évaluation du potentiel de réadaptation et les décisions d’orientation? Un positionnement constructiviste a été privilégié pour guider les efforts de recherche de l’ensemble du projet doctoral. Deux synthèses de la littérature et deux études qualitatives auprès d’ergothérapeutes ont été réalisées. Les résultats révèlent que de nombreux facteurs influencent l’évaluation du potentiel de réadaptation et les décisions d’orientation qui s’ensuivent. Ces facteurs se regroupent en trois catégories, soient des facteurs liés au patient (par exemple, les capacités cognitives), des facteurs liés au contexte organisationnel (par exemple, la disponibilité des services posthospitaliers de réadaptation dans le continuum de soins) et des facteurs liés aux caractéristiques du professionnel lui-même (par exemple, son champ d’expertise). Les travaux de cette thèse proposent aussi un début de conceptualisation du potentiel de réadaptation, conceptualisation qui met l’accent sur la nature prédictive des interprétations faites par les professionnels, des facteurs liés au patient et des facteurs organisationnels. Les interprétations des professionnels, plus spécifiquement des ergothérapeutes, s’opèrent à trois niveaux, c’est-à-dire qu’ils tentent de prédire la récupération, d’estimer le potentiel de réadaptation et de déterminer l’éligibilité du patient pour la réadaptation posthospitalière. Un algorithme basé sur ces trois niveaux d’interprétation est présenté et schématise le raisonnement sous-jacent aux décisions d’orientation. Finalement, ce projet doctoral présente deux processus cognitifs de raisonnement clinique utilisés par les ergothérapeutes lors de l’évaluation du potentiel de réadaptation et lors des décisions d’orientation vers des services posthospitaliers de réadaptation pour la clientèle AVC et TCC. En explicitant le concept de potentiel de réadaptation et le raisonnement clinique sous-tendant son évaluation, ce projet doctoral pose les assises pour de futures recherches s’intéressant à la pratique d’évaluation en soins aigus et enrichit les connaissances pertinentes à l’enseignement des compétences nécessaires à cette pratique. / In Canada, approximately 30,000 adults are hospitalized each year as a result of a stroke and approximately 20,000 as a result of a traumatic brain injury. Survivors face a myriad of consequences including physical disability, cognitive impairments, communication difficulties as well as emotional and behavioral disturbances. The rehabilitation needs of these patients are considerable. About 55% to 78% of hospitalized stroke and TBI patients will require rehabilitation services following discharge. Acute care professionals are called upon daily to assess the rehabilitation potential of these patients and to identify those who are most suitable for post-acute rehabilitation. These professionals’ assessments are therefore key to determining access to post-acute rehabilitation services. Although professionals commonly rely on the concept of rehabilitation potential in their decision-making, there is surprisingly no consensus regarding the definition of this concept as well as very little scientific literature on its assessment and how this concept guides referral decisions. This doctoral project examines the concept of rehabilitation potential in people with stroke and traumatic brain injury and explores its assessment in the context of decision-making regarding referral to post-acute rehabilitation. The doctoral project is organized around three main research questions: (1) What factors influence referral decisions to post-acute rehabilitation for stroke and traumatic brain injury patients? (2) How is rehabilitation potential defined and conceptualized in the scientific literature? and (3) What do occupational therapists think about when assessing stroke or traumatic brain injury patients’ rehabilitation potential and how do they reason? A constructivist stance was chosen to guide the research efforts of the entire doctoral project. Two literature reviews and two qualitative studies exploring occupational therapists’ perceptions were conducted. Results reveal that many factors influence the assessment of rehabilitation potential and subsequent referral decisions. These factors fall into three categories: patient-related factors (such as cognitive abilities), organizational factors (such as the availability of post-acute rehabilitation services in the continuum of care), and clinician-related factors (such as the 8 clinician’s expertise). The work in this dissertation also proposes a conceptualization of rehabilitation potential that emphasizes the predictive nature of clinicians' interpretations of patient-related factors and organizational factors. Professionals’ interpretations, specifically those of occupational therapists, operate at three levels, i.e., they attempt to predict recovery, estimate rehabilitation potential, and determine patient candidacy for post-acute rehabilitation. An algorithm based on these three levels of interpretation is presented and illustrates the reasoning underlying referral decisions. Finally, this doctoral project presents two cognitive processes used by occupational therapists when reasoning about patients’ rehabilitation potential and making referral decisions to post-acute rehabilitation for stroke and traumatic brain injury patients. By clarifying the concept of rehabilitation potential and the clinical reasoning underlying its assessment, this doctoral project lays the foundation for future research into assessment practices in acute care and adds to the knowledge base relevant to teaching the skills necessary for this practice.

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