El río Rímac en épocas de avenidas suele socavar la ribera del río ocasionando deslizamientos del terreno que ponen en contante peligro a la población local. Para ello, se analizará dos propuestas de solución en un tramo de 150 metros en el talud del río Rímac, en el distrito de San Juan de Lurigancho. Las propuestas son una convencional y otra que por el momento no es muy conocida en nuestro país. La primera alternativa es la construcción de muros de concreto armado, debido a su alta efectividad en este tipo de problemática. La segunda alternativa, es la construcción de Muros Krainer, estos son un tipo de muro innovador, considerados como un método de bioingeniería que tiene como objetivo simular un muro de tierra armada. Se realizará un análisis estático y pseudoestático para cada tipo de muro en estudio. A su vez, el objetivo de dichos análisis es obtener el factor de seguridad, así como verificar el desempeño de este con los valores requeridos para cada muro con la ayuda de hojas de cálculos y herramientas computacionales. Por otro lado, se efectuará un análisis de costo con la conformación de análisis de precios unitarios para cada partida que requiere la elaboración de ambos muros. El producto del análisis estático y pseudoestático para los muros estudiados satisfacen los valores requeridos para su estabilidad. Sin embargo, el resultado del costo directo para la realización del muro Krainer resulto menor a comparación del costo directo del muro de contención de concreto armado. / The Rímac river in times of avenues usually undermines the riverbank causing landslides that endanger the local population. For this, two solution proposals will be analyzed in a 150-meter section on the slope of the Rímac river, in the San Juan de Lurigancho district. The proposals are one conventional and another that at the moment is not well known in our country. The first alternative is the construction of reinforced concrete walls, due to its high effectiveness in this type of problem. The second alternative is the construction of Krainer Walls, these are an innovative type of wall, considered as a bioengineering method that aims to simulate a reinforced earth wall. A static and pseudostatic analysis will be carried out for each type of wall under study. In turn, the objective of said analyzes is to obtain the safety factor, as well as verify its performance with the values required for each wall with the help of spreadsheets and computational tools. On the other hand, a cost analysis will be carried out with the formation of unit price analyzes for each item that requires the preparation of both walls. The product of the static and pseudostatic analysis for the studied walls satisfy the values required for their stability. However, the result of the direct cost for the realization of the Krainer wall was lower compared to the direct cost of the reinforced concrete retaining wall. / Tesis

Master of Science / Department of Architectural Engineering and Construction Science / Kimberly Waggle Kramer / This report examines the effects of openings located at the base of reinforced concrete slender wall panels (tilt-up panels) designed in accordance with the American Concrete Institute (ACI) Committee 318-11 Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete Section 14.8 Alternative Design of Slender Walls. The parametric study calculates the reinforcement (longitudinal) required for specific panels in accordance with ACI 318-11 Section 14.8 and compares the designs to a finite element analysis conducted with SAP 2000 version 14 to determine the appropriateness of the assumptions made in Section 14.8. Furthermore, this report compares the design of a tilt-up panel designed by Section 14.8 Alternative Design of Slender Walls and designed by Section 10.10 Slenderness Effects in Compression Members.

The objective of the diploma thesis is a design and check of load-bearing concrete structure of multi-storey residential building. The building is located in Brno. The total ground plan’s dimensions are 39,32 x 22,58 metres, total height of the building in the highest point is 10,29 metres. The object is three-storey building with rectangular plan with partial basement designed as cast-in-place concrete frame and two above-ground floor designed as reinforced concrete walls and masonry walls. Load-bearing floor structures are designed as reinforced concrete slabs. Drawing documentation is included.

Realiza-se o estudo dos efeitos globais causados pela interação solo-estrutura em edifícios de paredes de concreto moldadas no local sobre fundações profundas. Propõe-se um modelo simplificado para a análise estrutural elástica linear de edifícios de paredes de concreto com a utilização exclusiva de elementos finitos de barra. O modelo proposto contempla a influência da deformabilidade das fundações e o efeito arco que ocorre nas paredes de concreto suportadas por pavimentos de transição ou elementos de fundação. O efeito da interação solo-estrutura é simulado por meio da aplicação de coeficientes de rigidez nos apoios da estrutura, calculados por uma ferramenta computacional desenvolvida neste trabalho. O desempenho do modelo proposto é avaliado por meio da comparação com modelo de referência mais refinado que utiliza elementos finitos de casca para discretizar a estrutura por completo. Realizam-se estudos de caso de edifícios de paredes de concreto de múltiplos pavimentos, com estruturas de transição e fundações deformáveis sujeitos ao carregamento vertical. O modelo simplificado proposto se mostrou adequado para a análise estrutural dos edifícios de paredes de concreto moldadas no local com carregamento vertical estudados neste trabalho. Os resultados obtidos indicam que a interação solo-estrutura altera o fluxo de tensões nos edifícios de maneira significativa, causando importante redistribuição de esforços nos elementos estruturais e não deve ser desprezada no dimensionamento da estrutura. Observou-se, também, a redução dos valores de recalques máximos e, principalmente dos recalques diferenciais dos apoios dos edifícios estudados. / This work aims at the investigation of the global effects caused by soil-structure interaction in reinforced concrete wall buildings on deep foundations. A simplified model is proposed for the linear structural analysis of reinforced concrete wall buildings with the exclusive use of beam finite elements. The proposed model includes the influence of the foundations deformability and the arch effect that occurs in concrete walls supported by beams or foundation elements. The effect of soil-structure interaction is simulated by applying stiffness coefficients in the supports of the structure. The stiffness coefficients are calculated by a computational tool developed in this work using an iterative process. The performance of the proposed model is evaluated by comparison of the results with a reference model that uses refined shell finite elements to represent the whole structure. Three reinforced concrete wall multi-story buildings subject to vertical loading were used as case studies in order to evaluate the influence of the soil-structure interaction in the structural behavior. The study concludes that the proposed simplified model is adequate to the structural analysis of reinforced concrete wall buildings with vertical loads studied in this work. The results indicate that the soil-structure interaction significantly modifies the stress flow in the buildings, causing significant redistribution of internal forces and should not be neglected in the design of the structure. It was also observed a reduction of the maximum values of settlements, and especially the differential settlements of the supports of the analyzed buildings.

En ingénierie sismique, il est admis que le comportement d’une structure soumise à de forts séismes soit caractérisé par des boucles d’hystérésis qui peuvent être amples ou étroites selon le type de structure impactée. La prise en compte de ce type de comportement non-linéaire dans un calcul temporel présente des difficultés liées à l’identification des paramètres, au coût numérique élevé, au risque de non-convergence. Dans ce contexte, la méthode de linéarisation équivalente, a été introduite en géotechnique dès les années 70. Elle reste peu utilisée dans le domaine des structures malgré les efforts de nombreux auteurs. Ce travail de thèse a pour objet l’étude du comportement linéaire équivalent dans le contexte des méthodes simplifiées d'évaluation de la réponse non-linéaire d'une structure en ingénierie sismique. Nous passons en revue les critères de linéarisation adoptés par les différentes méthodes qui recherchent l’équivalence (1) du déplacement maximum ou (2) de la quantité d’énergie dissipée ou (3) de la force de rappel. Nos analyses montrent que ces trois critères ne sont pas pertinents et/ou efficaces, conduisant à des méthodes peu robustes qui conduisent dans certains cas à des résultats inexplicables. Nous montrons le rôle important, négligé par toutes les méthodes disponibles, du contenu fréquentiel respectif des signaux et du système dans la détermination de la ductilité appelée. Sur cette constatation, nous introduisons une nouvelle méthode de linéarisation équivalente basée sur la fonction de transfert. Nous utilisons cette méthode pour explorer un plan d’expérience numérique dans lequel nous calculons les caractéristiques de fréquence et d’amortissement équivalents en fonction de la ductilité appelée pour différente configurations caractérisées par (a) le rapport entre fréquence de l’oscillateur et fréquence centrale du signal excitateur, (b) la pente d’écrouissage et (c) le modèle de comportement qui varie continument de élastoplastique à endommageant. Nous proposons deux nouvelles approches du comportement linéaire équivalent. La première, visant à améliorer la procédure statique non-linéaire de l’ATC40, utilise la rigidité sécante et le déplacement maximal. Elle fait intervenir une estimation de l’amortissement différente de celle de l’ATC40. Sa pertinence est établie par le fait qu’elle permet d’évaluer avec exactitude le déplacement maximal de systèmes canoniques non-linéaires. La seconde consiste à restituer la dynamique de la réponse d'un oscillateur non-linéaire au travers de la fonction de transfert. Sa pertinence est démontrée au travers des critères d’Anderson, avec notamment un critère relatif au spectre transféré. La détermination du comportement linéaire équivalent par fonction de transfert est validée sur des structures réelles au travers des essais sur voiles en béton armé (SAFE) et sur systèmes des tuyauteries (BARC et EPRI) / In earthquake engineering, it is common that the behaviour of a structure undergoing a strong motion is characterized by wise or narrow hysteresis loops depending on the type of behaviour of the structure. Considering this non-linear behaviour in a transient calculation requires a huge need of resources in terms of calculation time and memory. In this context, the method of equivalent linearization, consisting in the evaluation of the non-linear response of the structure has been introduced by geotechnical engineers In the 1970s. Despite efforts of many authors, this method is still not used in structural field. The goal of this research is to examine the linear equivalent behaviour in the context of the simplified method of evaluating the non-linear response of a structure in earthquake engineering. We review the criteria of equivalence adopted by many methods searching for the equivalence of (1) the maximum of displacement or (2) quantity of dissipated energy or (3) the restore force. Our argumentative analyses carry out that these three criteria are not pertinent and/or efficient. This leads, in some cases, to some unexplained results. We show the important role, which is mostly neglected in existing method, of frequency content while evaluating the ductile demand. Based on this recognition, we introduce a new method of equivalent linearization based on the transfer function. We use this method in order to explore a numerical experimental plan in which we calculate the equivalent characteristics (frequency and damping) versus the ductile demand for different configuration characterized by (a) the ratio between the frequency of the oscillator and the central frequency of the input signal, (b) the hardening and (c) the behaviour which covers the elastoplastic and damaged ones. We propose two new approaches of the linear equivalent behaviour. The first one, aiming to improve the non-linear static procedure of ATC40, use the secant stiffness and the maximal displacement. This approach consists in an estimation of damping which is different to ATC40. Its pertinence is established by evaluating with accuracy the maximal displacement of the canonical non-linear systems. The second approach consists in restitution of the dynamic of the response of a non-linear oscillator by using the transfer function. The pertinence of this proposition is shown through the criteria of Anderson, especially in terms of transferred motion. In this effect, the linear equivalent behaviour based on the transfer function allows to cope the transferred motion through the non-linear oscillator without performing the non-linear transient calculation. The validation of the linear equivalent behaviour based on the transfer function has been examined on real structures through some experimental tests such as the reinforced concrete wall (SAFE) or piping systems (BARC and EPRI)

Realiza-se o estudo dos efeitos globais causados pela interação solo-estrutura em edifícios de paredes de concreto moldadas no local sobre fundações profundas. Propõe-se um modelo simplificado para a análise estrutural elástica linear de edifícios de paredes de concreto com a utilização exclusiva de elementos finitos de barra. O modelo proposto contempla a influência da deformabilidade das fundações e o efeito arco que ocorre nas paredes de concreto suportadas por pavimentos de transição ou elementos de fundação. O efeito da interação solo-estrutura é simulado por meio da aplicação de coeficientes de rigidez nos apoios da estrutura, calculados por uma ferramenta computacional desenvolvida neste trabalho. O desempenho do modelo proposto é avaliado por meio da comparação com modelo de referência mais refinado que utiliza elementos finitos de casca para discretizar a estrutura por completo. Realizam-se estudos de caso de edifícios de paredes de concreto de múltiplos pavimentos, com estruturas de transição e fundações deformáveis sujeitos ao carregamento vertical. O modelo simplificado proposto se mostrou adequado para a análise estrutural dos edifícios de paredes de concreto moldadas no local com carregamento vertical estudados neste trabalho. Os resultados obtidos indicam que a interação solo-estrutura altera o fluxo de tensões nos edifícios de maneira significativa, causando importante redistribuição de esforços nos elementos estruturais e não deve ser desprezada no dimensionamento da estrutura. Observou-se, também, a redução dos valores de recalques máximos e, principalmente dos recalques diferenciais dos apoios dos edifícios estudados. / This work aims at the investigation of the global effects caused by soil-structure interaction in reinforced concrete wall buildings on deep foundations. A simplified model is proposed for the linear structural analysis of reinforced concrete wall buildings with the exclusive use of beam finite elements. The proposed model includes the influence of the foundations deformability and the arch effect that occurs in concrete walls supported by beams or foundation elements. The effect of soil-structure interaction is simulated by applying stiffness coefficients in the supports of the structure. The stiffness coefficients are calculated by a computational tool developed in this work using an iterative process. The performance of the proposed model is evaluated by comparison of the results with a reference model that uses refined shell finite elements to represent the whole structure. Three reinforced concrete wall multi-story buildings subject to vertical loading were used as case studies in order to evaluate the influence of the soil-structure interaction in the structural behavior. The study concludes that the proposed simplified model is adequate to the structural analysis of reinforced concrete wall buildings with vertical loads studied in this work. The results indicate that the soil-structure interaction significantly modifies the stress flow in the buildings, causing significant redistribution of internal forces and should not be neglected in the design of the structure. It was also observed a reduction of the maximum values of settlements, and especially the differential settlements of the supports of the analyzed buildings.

This Diploma´s thesis proceses topic Pension for Seniors. The object is situated in Božetěchova street in Brno-Královo Pole. This house is new building, three-floored and partial basemented. Basement is a technical floor. On the first floor are spaces of services and offices. On the second and the third floor are situated twenty-eight flats. Shape of the house is „L“ and its basic dimensions are 39,0 x 38,0 meters. The building is finished with a single layered flat roof. Height of house is 10,715 meters. The base structures is of conrete C16/20. The bearing walls on 1S are of monolithic reinforced concrete. Other Bering construction system is used of Porotherm. The staircase structure consists is of monolithic reinforced concrete.

The goal of this thesis is to elaborate project documentation of new sports centre. The building is situated on a plot No. 1930/48 of the cadastre territory in the town of Pacov. It is a building without cellar with two above-ground floors part on the area of 595,6 m2. The first floor part circuit structure consist of reinforced concrete walls with an outdoor climbing wall. The roofing is the mono-pitches roof with glue laminated timber beam and purlin with metal roofing. The building features an indoor climbing wall and a bar with seating. The second floor part is made of wooden CLT panels, the roof is designed as a green flat roof. This section provides facilities for athletes and staff and exercise halls. There are 50 parking spaces for cars in the building.

The aim of the diploma thesis is static solution of selected parts of the residental house with formwork drawings and reinforcement drawings of designed structures included. Project describes the design and assessment of the monolitic slab structure, precast stair flights, basement loadbearing wall and retaining wall. For calculation of the internal forces was used software Scia Engineer.

The thesis contains a draft of new sport centre on the outskirts of the village Bílovice nad Svitavou. As part of the squash hall with four courts and the adjacent center, which consists of other sports, cafe, facilities for employees and staff and other technical rooms. The exterior of the object contains playground, pétanque area, a terrace cafe with adjacent playground and parking area. Primarily a center designed for practicing sports and physical activities, which serve the mentioned sports and sports facilities. Furthermore, the building is used as a cafe with adjoining outdoor terrace. The entire building is wheelchair accessible, including the 2nd floor, where is a lift. The thesis project is elaborated sports center in Bílovice nad Svitavou. We have been further processed two specializations - design and assessment of reinforced concrete perimeter wall and design of air-conditioning units and air-conditioning pipe sizing in sports areas. It is part seminary work dealing with the principles of organization of construction, the technical report of site facilities and the actual drawing of the site facilities.