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Soltura monitorada de exemplares do Periquit?o-maracan?, Aratinga leucophthalma (Statius Muller, 1776) apreendidos pelo IBAMA no Estado do Rio de Janeiro e aspectos da alimenta??o de indiv?duos da fam?lia Psittacidae. / Monitored release of White-eyed Parakeet, Aratinga leucophthalma (Statius Muller, 1776) apprehended by IBAMA in the state of Rio de Janeiro and aspects of feeding of Psittacidae Family.Joffily, Diogo 17 September 2010 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2010-09-17 / The state of Rio de Janeiro is in the national and international route of the traffic of wild
animals. The numbers of apprehensions in this state are raised and the CETAS-RJ
receives a great number of animals per year. Projects of release and reintroduction of
wild animals combined with scientific research must gain space so that destination of
these animals to the natural environment can occur in an objective way. The objective
of the study was to develop procedures for release, with individuals of Aratinga
leucophthalma species, taking in consideration behavior characteristics, the social
structure, the alimentary habits and to accomplish the monitoring of the animals during
the release and the post-release, looking for results that come to aid in future projects.
The work was accomplished at three different places: the CETAS-RJ, ocurred the
handling before the release and the study of the feeding in captivity; the campus of the
UFRRJ, where field work related with the feeding in free life was don; and in the RPPN
S?o Benedito Farm in Rio Claro-RJ, where the release and the post-release monitoring
ocurred. The work was accomplished between September 2008 and July 2010. The
handling before the release was done by the preparation of a nursery to house 30
animals. The animals were grouped by flight capacity and domestication level. This
stage was also composed by the accomplishment of clinical and labs exams, individual
demarcation of the animals through rings and sexing exam. Of the selected animals
there was prevalence of males. According to the clinical exams was not verified any
aspect to make unfeasible the work. The study of the feeding in captivity was made
through analysis of the supplied food and the amount of leftovers, verifying the
preference through the alimentary behavior. Preference of the birds was revealed by the
sunflower seed and the need of the maintenance and elaboration of new balanced diets
appropriated to release programs. The field work tried to describe the alimentary items
of species from the Psittacidae family. The importance of exotic vegetable species was
revealed as food source for birds of the Psittacidae family in the campus. From the ten
alimentary items observed only three were from native species. The release was
accomplished by the model of soft release, after a period of acclimatization in the
release area, which preceded the opening of the nursery. After the opening of the
nursery a food support was maintained inside and outside of the nursery and the
monitoring was accomplished collecting data in daily accomp. The birds went
increasing gradually the distance traveled after the release and they were incorporating
themselves to groups from the area. The soft release model used in this work guaranteed
the success in the process of rehabilitation of these birds. The food supports maintained
after the opening of the nursery were extremely important to guarantee the nutrition of
the birds during the first days after the release, and to give them strength for recognition
of the area and to look for new food sources. / O Rio de Janeiro est? na rota nacional e internacional do tr?fico de animais silvestres.
S?o elevados os n?meros de apreens?es realizadas nesse estado e o CETAS-RJ recebe
um grande n?mero de animais por ano. Projetos de soltura e reintrodu??o de animais
silvestres, aliados a pesquisas cient?ficas devem ganhar espa?o nesse cen?rio para que o
retorno desses animais ? natureza ocorra de forma objetiva e segura. O objetivo do
estudo foi desenvolver procedimentos para soltura, atrav?s de experimentos com
indiv?duos da esp?cie Aratinga leucophthalma, levando em considera??o suas
caracter?sticas comportamentais, estrutura social, h?bitos alimentares e ainda, realizar o
monitoramento dos animais durante a soltura e o per?odo p?s-soltura, buscando
resultados que venham auxiliar futuros projetos. O trabalho foi realizado em tr?s locais
diferentes sendo eles: o CETAS-RJ, onde ocorreu o manejo antes da soltura e o estudo
da alimenta??o em cativeiro; o campus da UFRRJ, onde foi feito o trabalho de campo
relacionado com a alimenta??o em vida livre; e a RPPN Fazenda S?o Benedito em Rio
Claro-RJ, onde ocorreu a soltura e o monitoramento p?s-soltura. O per?odo de
desenvolvimento do projeto foi entre setembro de 2008 e julho de 2010. O manejo pr?soltura
foi constitu?do pelo preparo de um viveiro para alojar 30 indiv?duos de A.
leucophthalma. Os animais foram selecionados de acordo com sua capacidade de v?o e
o n?vel de domestica??o. Esta etapa foi composta ainda pela realiza??o de exames
cl?nicos e laboratoriais, pela marca??o individual dos animais atrav?s de anilhas e a
sexagem. Dos animais selecionados, houve predom?nio de machos em rela??o a f?meas.
No tocante a exames cl?nicos realizados, n?o foi constatado nenhum aspecto que
pudesse inviabilizar o trabalho. O estudo da alimenta??o em cativeiro foi feito atrav?s
da an?lise do alimento fornecido e a quantidade de sobra, verificando a prefer?ncia
atrav?s do comportamento alimentar. Foi revelada prefer?ncia das aves pela semente de
girassol e a necessidade da manuten??o e elabora??o de novas dietas balanceadas,
voltadas para programas de soltura. O trabalho de campo buscou descrever os itens
alimentares de esp?cies da fam?lia Psittacidae. Foi revelada a import?ncia de esp?cies
vegetais ex?ticas como fonte de alimento para aves da fam?lia Psittacidae no campus da
UFRRJ. Dos dez itens alimentares observados apenas tr?s eram provenientes de
esp?cies nativas. A soltura foi realizada pelo modelo de soltura branda, ap?s um
per?odo de aclimata??o na ?rea de soltura, que antecederam a abertura do viveiro.
Foram mantidos suportes alimentares dentro e fora do viveiro durante a soltura e o
monitoramento, que foi realizado atrav?s de acompanhamento di?rio e coleta de dados.
As aves foram gradualmente aumentando as dist?ncias percorridas ap?s a soltura e
foram se incorporando a bandos da regi?o. O modelo de soltura branda, utilizado neste
trabalho, garantiu sucesso no processo de reintrodu??o dessas aves. Os suportes
alimentares mantidos ap?s a abertura do viveiro foram de fundamental import?ncia para
garantir a nutri??o das aves nos primeiros dias ap?s a soltura, dar-lhes for?as para
reconhecimento da ?rea em que foram soltas bem como buscar novas fontes de
alimento.
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