Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo general determinar la relación entre caries de infancia temprana y anemia en historias clínicas de niños que acudieron al Servicio de Enfermería del Centro de Salud Atusparias, octubre-diciembre 2022. Estudio de tipo casos y controles, analítico, no experimental, relacional, observacional y retrospectivo. Metodología, se distribuyeron 2 grupos: casos y controles. El grupo casos estuvo conformado por los niños que presentaron Caries de Infancia Temprana y el grupo control fueron aquellos que no tuvieron caries. De esos dos grupos se determinó cuántos tuvieron anemia y cuantos no tenían anemia. Primero se realizó un análisis estadístico descriptivo, se empleó la prueba de Chi cuadrado para comprobar la relación entre las variables. Luego, se realizó Odds Ratio (OR) para medir que tan fuerte es la relación y el riesgo. Se trabajó con el valor de p menor de 0.5, lo cual corresponde a un nivel de significancia. Se concluyó que no existe relación estadísticamente significativa entre las variables de caries de infancia temprana y anemia. / The general objective of this research was to determine the relationship between early childhood caries and anemia in the medical records of children who attend the nursing service of the Atusparias health center October-December 2022. The was a case-control, analytical study, not experimental, relational, observational and retrospective. Within the methodology, 2 groups were distributed: cases and controls. The case group was made up of children who had early childhood cavities and the control group were those who had not had cavities. And of these two groups, how many have anemia and how many do not have anemia were calculated- A descriptive statistical analysis was carried out, where the corresponding measures of central tendency and dispersión were implemented. The chi square test was used to test the relationship between the variables. Then, Odds Ratio (OR) was performed to mesuare how strong the relationship and risks is. We worked with a p value of less than 0.05, which corresponds to a level of signifcance. The conclusión was that isn´t exist a relation statistical significative between both variables.