<p>En minskning av återfallen till kriminalitet är en viktig uppgift för kriminalvården. Behandling och återanpassning innan frigivning minskar återfallen men detta återanpassningsarbete har försämrats. Forskning har visat att self-efficacy var viktigt för individer gällande att klara av givna uppgifter. Individer som trodde sig kunna leva ett liv utan kriminalitet och hade mer kontroll återföll i mindre grad. Syftet med studien var bland annat att undersöka om self-efficacy har betydelse för att inte återfalla i en kriminell livsstil. Sju deltagare från föreningen KRIS ingick i en tematiserad intervjustudie där deltagarna också fick svara på två korta enkäter. Resultatet visade att self-efficacy har betydelse för att inte återfalla. Genom ökad self-efficacy kunde deltagarna skapa nya liv med mindre risk för återfall.</p>

En minskning av återfallen till kriminalitet är en viktig uppgift för kriminalvården. Behandling och återanpassning innan frigivning minskar återfallen men detta återanpassningsarbete har försämrats. Forskning har visat att self-efficacy var viktigt för individer gällande att klara av givna uppgifter. Individer som trodde sig kunna leva ett liv utan kriminalitet och hade mer kontroll återföll i mindre grad. Syftet med studien var bland annat att undersöka om self-efficacy har betydelse för att inte återfalla i en kriminell livsstil. Sju deltagare från föreningen KRIS ingick i en tematiserad intervjustudie där deltagarna också fick svara på två korta enkäter. Resultatet visade att self-efficacy har betydelse för att inte återfalla. Genom ökad self-efficacy kunde deltagarna skapa nya liv med mindre risk för återfall.

published_or_final_version / Surgery / Master / Master of Surgery

OBJECTIVES: (1) Compare the relapse of corrected deep bites in three groups of patients separated by facial type (2) Determine the associations of various parameters influencing deep bite relapse. METHODS: 60 patients treated at the University of Washington were included, all with initial overbites >50%. Patients were grouped according to initial Y-axis, MPA, and LFH values. Data was collected from casts and cephalometric radiographs at three time points: pre-treatment, post-treatment, and ten years post-retention. RESULTS: Dolicocephalic subjects showed the least amount of deep bite relapse (0.1 ± 1.1 mm), while brachycephalic (1.2 ± 0.9 mm) and mesocephalic (1.4 ± 1.3 mm) subjects experienced significant relapse (p < 0.05). Intergroup comparisons revealed that the brachycephalic group had significantly more post-retention change in overbite, N-ANS, interincisal angle, and L1-MP than the dolicocephalic group (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Orthodontists should consider overcorrection of overbite in brachycephalic and mesocephalic patients presenting with overbites >50%.

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OBJECTIVES: (1) Compare the relapse of corrected deep bites in three groups of patients separated by facial type (2) Determine the associations of various parameters influencing deep bite relapse. METHODS: 60 patients treated at the University of Washington were included, all with initial overbites >50%. Patients were grouped according to initial Y-axis, MPA, and LFH values. Data was collected from casts and cephalometric radiographs at three time points: pre-treatment, post-treatment, and ten years post-retention. RESULTS: Dolicocephalic subjects showed the least amount of deep bite relapse (0.1 ± 1.1 mm), while brachycephalic (1.2 ± 0.9 mm) and mesocephalic (1.4 ± 1.3 mm) subjects experienced significant relapse (p < 0.05). Intergroup comparisons revealed that the brachycephalic group had significantly more post-retention change in overbite, N-ANS, interincisal angle, and L1-MP than the dolicocephalic group (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Orthodontists should consider overcorrection of overbite in brachycephalic and mesocephalic patients presenting with overbites >50%.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is common in Ontario. This study described the processes of care following CRC resection, and identified CRC relapse from administrative data. Methods: CRC patients aged 18-80 from 1996-2001 with a colorectal resection were identified from the Ontario Cancer Registry. Linked discharge abstracts and physician billings were examined for physician visits, body imaging and endoscopy over the 5 year follow-up period. Administrative codes suggesting disease relapse were compared with patient charts. Results: Overall, 12,804 patients were identified and 8,804 had no evidence of relapse. Most (96.2%) patients had general practitioner follow-up, while 49.3% had medical oncology and 80.4% had general surgery follow-up. Greater than 90% of patients received endoscopy, while only 68.7% of patients received body imaging. Detecting disease relapse was 87.5% sensitive and 93.0% specific. Conclusions: There is potential for improving post-resectional follow-up in CRC patients. It is possible to detect relapse through administrative databases.

abstract: When people pick up the phone to call a telephone quitline, they are taking an important step towards changing their smoking behavior. The current study investigated the role of a critical cognition in the cessation process--self-efficacy. Self-efficacy is thought to be influential in behavior change processes including those involved in the challenging process of stopping tobacco use. By applying basic principles of self-efficacy theory to smokers utilizing a telephone quitline, this study advanced our understanding of the nature of self-efficacy in a "real-world" cessation setting. Participants received between one and four intervention calls aimed at supporting them through their quit attempt. Concurrent with the initiation of this study, three items (confidence, stress, and urges) were added to the standard telephone protocol and assessed at each call. Two principal sets of hypotheses were tested using a combination of ANCOVAs and multiple regression analyses. The first set of hypotheses explored how self-efficacy and changes in self-efficacy within individuals were associated with cessation outcomes. Most research has found a positive linear relation between self-efficacy and quit outcomes, but this study tested the possibility that excessively high self-efficacy may actually reflect an overconfidence bias, and in some cases be negatively related to cessation outcomes. The second set of hypotheses addressed several smoking-related factors expected to affect self-efficacy. As predicted, higher baseline self-efficacy and increases in self-efficacy were associated with higher rates of quitting. However, contrary to predictions, there was no evidence that overconfidence led to diminished cessation success. Finally, as predicted, shorter duration of quit attempts, shorter time to relapse, and stronger urges all were associated with lower self-efficacy. In conclusion, understanding how self-efficacy and changes in self-efficacy affect and are affected by cessation outcomes is useful for informing both future research and current quitline intervention procedures. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Psychology 2011

The title of the thesis is The Case Study of Impact of Alcohol Addiction and it follows the series of life situations which occurred during a relatively short period of time in the case of a man who was abstaining for a long time. The subject of this thesis is a study of people with this disease who may be more susceptible to the pitfalls of life, and therefore cannot adequately respond to the crisis. The aim of this thesis was to find out whether an abstaining person could withstand the adversity and if not what field of human life was threatened. The main aim of the thesis was to outline the period shortly after being released from work. The introduction of the theoretical part deals with the definition of expressions such as alcohol addiction, theories and factors of addiction. Other part of the thesis deals with the consequence of long-term alcohol drinking and that both somatic, mental and also social which the long-term alcohol addiction brings. The conclusion of the theoretical part is supplemented with the interpretation of expressions such as a relapse or a recurrence and further it deals with issue of the failure to comply with abstinence together with the recommendation of possible ways how to refuse the alcohol. The empirical part of the thesis is processed by the method of quantitative research by means of questioning the method of narrative interview. The data was elaborated in the form of grounded theory method and afterwards it was evaluated by means of axial coding and all was divided into four time periods through which the client went and by which he was affected. The main research question was How can the change of job influence the mental and health conditions and what is the risk of relapse in the case of an abstaining person? Individual research questions were three. The first one related to observation of the change of managing of life situations during the period of the therapy and shortly after the therapy. The second question applies to the issue of managing of life situations which occurred within resocialization at work and the respondent found here a new way which means he found a new job and a residence outside his home within resocialization. The last research question solved managing of life situations after releasing from job when a client was unemployed for some time and the job which was recommended to him was financially undervalued. I found out by the carried out research that it is not possible to make conclusions how to manage crisis situations in the case of people with addicted behaviour. It is the individual matter of each person how he can withstand with life obstacles. The results of this thesis can be benefit for other clients with whom I will work while performing my job.

Magister Psychologiae - MPsych / Substance abuse has been identified internationally and in South Africa as an escalating problem that has harmful effects on the substance user and on society. The cost of treating substance-related disorders places a strain on the allocation of financial resources to treat the problem. When relapse occurs in substance users who have already undergone rehabilitation, it increases the costs of treatment. Waiting lists at treatment centres are also negatively affected for first-time admissions when relapsed substance users are re-admitted. The study aimed to identify relapse indicators by post-discharge follow-up of adult substance users in a registered, non-profit, state-subsidised treatment facility in Cape Town. Marlatt’s Dynamic model of relapse was used to explore the individual and socio-cultural factors which were potentially associated with relapse. A quantitative research design using archival data and purposive sampling was used to identify possible relapse indicators. The participants were ex-patients who had undergone an inpatient treatment programme and who had been followed up post discharge. Ethical clearance was obtained from the University of the Western Cape Higher Degrees Committee. Written permission was granted by the treatment centre who is the original data owner.The majority of participants were male. More than half of the sample reported polysubstance use and, for more than half of them, the age of onset of substance use was between 11 and 15 years. Severe depression was present for more than a third of the participants, whilst the majority of the sample was assessed as being substance dependent. A large proportion of patients had family members who also used substances. The majority of the sample was unemployed and more than half had received previous substance abuse treatment. Significant associations were not established between the identified variables within the groups of factors. Additional studies are required to explore the factors contributing to relapse in this patient population.