Stormwater management is necessary to avoid flooding and pollutants that can spread further with the water and damage the environment. The legislation that regulates the management of stormwater can be difficult and complicated to interpret. The purpose of this project was to investigate the strategies and decision materials that exist today regarding municipalities’ stormwater management. That was investigated to understand how the legislation works today, whose responsibility it is to manage stormwater and whether there are any specific emission requirements for pollutants.In order to analyse and evaluate how the management of stormwater works in Swedish municipalities, Gotland, Sundsvall and Gothenburg were selected to be investigated, according to size variation and geographical spread. The stormwater strategies of the three municipalities were examined and their possible choice of measures were compared and evaluated. A theoretical modelling was made to investigate how the choices of measures could have affected the spread of pollutants from a specific area with a specific recipient. The area that was examined was selected by the company and the modelling was made using the tools CAD and StormTac.When the investigation was conducted, it was found that it can be difficult to interpret the regulations that exist. The municipalities' stormwater strategies and their choice of measures to manage pollution discharges would differ between the municipalities. The modelling showed that all choices of pollutant reduction measures would reduce pollutants compared to a situation without any treatment at all. The results also showed that the percentage reduction in pollutants would differ with the different choice of measure. The municipalities' have different pollution requirements in different situations, which makes it difficult to interpret their strategy and choice of measures. Despite this, Gothenburg's choice of method seemed to give the best results in this case.In general, it is difficult to determine which municipality is considered to have the best stormwater strategy. More analysis and information about the area's conditions and the recipient's well-being needs to be taken into account in order to be able to make a decision. This project shows that clearer legislation regarding stormwater management should be introduced in order for all municipalities in Sweden to work towards the same goals and achieve equal results.

In separating the Form from its particulars, Plato is left with the task of describing the way in which they are related to one another. One possible way of construing this relation is to suppose that particulars receive a share ofthe Form. The discussion between Parmenides and Socrates, in the Parmenides 131 a9-e3, interprets this sharing in a material sense: either the whole of the Form is received by each particular, or part of the Form is received by each particular. This disjunction turns out to be a destructive dilemma -the socalled Dilemma of Participation. The three main sections ofthis work study in detail the Dilemma of Participation, as it is presented in the Parmenides. The first section considers the disjunct that the whole of the Form is received by each particular (13 la9-b2). By using a system of classical extensional mereology, it is demonstrated that Parmenides' reductio ad absurdum of this disjunct is deductively valid. The second section deals with Socrates' objection to this argument (which he makes in the guise of the Day Analogy), and Parmenides' response to the objection (which he makes in the guise ofthe Sail Analogy) (131 b3-c4). The validity of Parmenides' response depends on the sense of"day" Socrates intends in the Day Analogy. It is argued (against S. Panagiotou) that there is a sense of "day" that makes Parmenides' response invalid. The third section considers the disjunct that part of the Form is received by each particular (131 c5-e3). Two current interpretations of this disjunct (that ofT. Scaltsas and R. E. Allen) are recounted and critiqued, and a new interpretation is proposed (an interpretation based partially on that of Proclus, and under which Parmenides' argument against this disjunct is valid). / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA)

This dissertation proposes that while traditional cognitive psychology literature suggests that cognitive function decreases with age, these decreases are dependent on the types of testing being performed. While traditional cognitive tests of memory and processing speed show declines associated with age, this research suggests these declines are not robust across all types of learning. The coming pages present four studies aimed at furthering our understanding of how different age cohorts of consumers learn about products in active and complex marketplaces. Study one reveals an age advantage associated with learning experientially; an interesting and somewhat surprising result that warrants further investigation given the rapid rate at which populations are aging. The additional studies presented here begin that investigation through the application of several psychological theories. This research explores increased vigilance associated with the security motivation system (based on the principles of evolutionary psychology), the possible impact of mortality salience through the application of Terror Management Theory and a positive correlation between age and cognitive control, as possible explanations. / Business Administration/Marketing

An object in the visual field can be perceived as a whole and as the parts from which the whole is composed. Early investigations into whole-part processing led to the hypothesis that the global aspect, the whole, is processed before the local aspects, the parts. However, recent electrophysiological work shows that in the early stages of processing, the global and local levels of an object are processed in parallel. In addition, a processing asymmetry exists in that the right hemisphere is biased for global level processing whereas the left hemisphere is biased for local level processing. In an ERP study, I examined the lateralization and time-course of global-local processing in normal adult humans and found further evidence for lateralized, parallel processing of global-local stimuli. More importantly, I found that task demands affected the latencies at which lateralized differences between the two levels emerged: a condition in which interference from one level on the other was minimal showed very early, lateralized attentional effects (80 ms). In a relatively more demanding condition, lateralization of global and local processing was not evident until 200-350 ms. One possible explanation is that as the influence of distractors at the unattended level increases, resources in both hemispheres are engaged. To corroborate these findings, I included conditions in which subjects were required to switch attention among levels and visual fields: Evidence for lateralization and parallel processing persisted. Moreover, the additional load placed on the system by the switching conditions was apparent at the N1 component and support for right hemisphere attention switching mechanisms was obtained. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

Background: Tibial fractures are associated with prolonged recovery. The aim of this study was to identify predictors of long-term physical functioning after tibial shaft fracture. Methods: We used data from the Trial to Re-evaluate Ultrasound in the Treatment of Tibial Fractures (TRUST) to determine, in patients with unilateral, open or closed tibial shaft fracture, the association between baseline factors and physical functioning at 1-year. All fractures were fixed using intramedullary nails. Physical functioning was measured using the 100-point Short Form-36 (SF-36) Physical Component Summary (PCS) score; higher is better; minimally important difference is 2 to 5 points. Results: There were 299 tibial fracture patients with complete data available for analysis. In an adjusted analysis, the factors associated with lower physical functioning at 1-year were: (1) current smokers (mean difference [MD] -2.55, 95% confidence interval [95%CI] -4.63 to -0.46, p=0.017), (2) body mass index >30 kg/m² (MD -2.57, 95% CI -4.86, -0.27, p = 0.029), and (3) patients who were receiving disability benefits or involved in litigation, or planned to be (MD -2.65, 95% CI -4.58 to -0.72, p = 0.007). Patients who were employed at the time of their fracture reported significantly higher physical functioning at 1-year (MD 4.56, 95% CI 2.32 to 6.80, p= <0.001) and those who were allowed to partial or full weight-bear post-operatively (MD 1.98, 95% CI 0.13 to 3.82, p=0.036). Neither age, sex, fracture severity or receipt of physical therapy were associated with long-term physical functioning. Conclusions: Among patients undergoing surgical repair of tibial fractures, partial or full weight-bearing post-operatively and employment at the time of injury predict better long-term functioning, whereas smoking, obesity, and receipt of disability benefits or involvement in litigation (or plans to be) predict worse long-term functioning. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

The purpose of this project is to find a mathematical model to describe the vision profile of patients after treatment for choroidal neovascularization. In this model the dependent variable is the level of vision which will be predicted by time after treatment and a number of other variables measured before treatment. A standard multiple regression analysis is used to find significant predictor variables, to investigate interactions and an appropriate transformation. To take the correlation of observations on the same patient into account a linear mixed effects model is fitted. Finally the usefulness of a nonlinear mixed effects model is investigated. / Thesis / Master of Science (MS)

Concussion, defined as a functional injury with complex symptomatology, affects millions annually and has been classified as a serious public health concern. Clinical tools currently available for concussion assessment fail to objectively measure cognitive function and thus, are inadequate for proper evaluation of the cognitive dysfunctions associated with the injury. As a result, investigation into the neurological consequences associated with concussion has become a prominent focus in neuroscience research. Traditionally, neuroimaging methods have been used primarily on concussion detection, while behavioural and neuropsychological assessments have been used for both concussion detection and cognitive-performance tracking. However, to date, minimal work has explored the use of neuroimaging to track the consequences of concussion at the neurophysiological level. Accordingly, the present thesis sought to investigate the clinical applicability of electroencephalography (EEG) as an effective neuroimaging tool capable of concussion detection, as well as its ability to objectively track neurophysiological changes over time. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were used to assess specific functions, or more accurately, dysfunctions of select cognitive processes as reflected by electrophysiological changes in the brain. Specifically, the Mismatch Negativity (MMN), N2b, and P300 were investigated to evaluate memory, attention, and executive control in concussed populations. The results of this thesis demonstrated alterations in each of the aforementioned ERPs, signifying cognitive dysfunctions linked to neurophysiological abnormalities in concussed populations. Of particular importance, Chapter 2 revealed the first instance of MMN abnormalities in a concussed population, Chapter 3 was the first to assess concussed adolescents at the acute stage of their injury, and Chapter 4 demonstrates the potential of ERPs to track neurophysiological changes from the acute to post-acute stages of the injury. Ultimately, the findings presented in this dissertation support the clinical viability of using ERPs to not only detect cognitive dysfunctions associated with concussion, but also to objectively track neurophysiological changes on the path to recovery. / Dissertation / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

No / In the culture domain, questionnaires are often used to obtain profiles of users for adaptation. Creating questionnaires requires subject matter experts and diverse content, and often does not scale to a variety of cultures and situations. This paper presents a novel approach that is inspired by crowdwisdom and takes advantage of freely available structured linked data. It presents a mechanism for extracting culturally-related facts from DBpedia, utilised as a knowledge source in an interactive user modelling system. A user study, which examines the system usability and the accuracy of the resulting user model, demonstrates the potential of using DBpedia for generating culture-related user modelling questionnaires and points at issues for further investigation.

<p dir="ltr">This mixed-method grounded theory study developed and tested a new framework for leading geographically dispersed teams. With the dramatic shift to remote work due to the COVID-19 pandemic, leaders now face new challenges in developing corporate strategies and approaches to leadership without proximity to their teams. However, existing leadership literature has yet to catch up to this new reality.</p><p dir="ltr">Grounded in interviews with business leaders and a quantitative survey of 100 leaders and 100 employees, this study identified communication frequency and trust-building as vital for reducing uncertainty. It also found that promoting employee well-being requires relationship-centered leadership and constructing inclusive cultures. Ultimately, leading at a distance requires adapting leadership development and reevaluating organizational design to focus on alignment, transparency, and culture-building.</p><p dir="ltr">The resulting framework identifies specific leader competencies needed for remote management. It emphasizes the importance of leader visibility, constructive feedback practices, and crisis readiness. The framework highlights new imperatives in meeting design, goal-setting, professional development, and performance management. Finally, it calls for policies that promote work-life balance through comprehensive flexibility.</p><p dir="ltr">This study provides theoretical and practical guidance with hybrid and remote work arrangements likely to persist post-pandemic. It demonstrates the effectiveness of grounded theory methodology in new research contexts. The framework presented lays the foundation for leadership approaches that empower productivity and well-being across distributed teams.</p>

The human relationship with mortality has been widely studied in psychology research, with an extensive record suggesting that death-related stimuli impact behavior, even without conscious awareness. Yet, little is known about the underlying brain activity. In this systematic review, we aimed to examine whether there is something distinctive about the neural processing of death-related stimuli. We conducted a literature search to find studies where participants had been presented with death-related vs. other negatively valenced stimuli while undergoing functional brain imaging scanning. Seven functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies with a total of 204 participants adhered to our criteria. Five of six studies that used whole-brain analysis found that unpleasant stimuli consistently elicited increased insular activity, but only when it was unrelated to mortality. This suggests a difference between the neural processing of death and other threats. We discuss possible interpretations and speculate that it is related to the insula’s role in sense of self and assessment of threat. Further research is needed to determine whether this marker is robust and what its function and consequences may be. A better understanding of how individuals process death-related information promises deeper insight into the human relationship with mortality. Bringing to light the nature of this relationship has significant implications for individuals and society, not least for mental health interventions and end-of-life care.