Global ETD Search

1	Does the way we measure poverty matter? : an analysis of alternative poverty measures with particular reference to changes in the level of poverty in Australia between 1975 and 1994 Trigger, David Scott, n/a January 2000 (has links) There has been considerable controversy and debate over recent years about the most appropriate method of measuring poverty. This debate has included, among other issues, the questions of absolute versus relative poverty, the merits of money income as a measure of the standard of living and the associated selection of poverty lines and equivalence scales, and the selection of alternative indices of poverty. A review of the literature indicates that the choice of differing approaches to poverty measurement can lead to differing estimates of poverty. In the face of such results an evaluation of the impact upon poverty estimates of alternative measurement methodology is appropriate. This thesis assesses the impact upon the estimated level of poverty of variations in some of the key poverty measurement parameters. The expenditure data derived from the 1975-76, 1984 and 1993-94 Household Expenditure Surveys have been analysed to assess the sensitivity of poverty estimates, derived from a range of poverty indices, to variations in the generosity of the equivalence scales, the level of the poverty line, and the choice of the indicator of the level of resources used. The sensitivity of each poverty index to variations in these parameters is assessed at both the aggregated level and for the specified household types, while those population subgroups particularly susceptible to poverty are also identified. The poverty distributions derived for each of the survey years are compared to evaluate the impact upon changes in the level of poverty over time of variations in the underlying parameters. The thesis concludes that both poverty estimates at a point in time, and poverty trends over time are sensitive to variations in the equivalence scales, in the level of the poverty line, in the selection of the indicator of the level of resources, and in the choice of poverty index itself. In light of these results, a review of recent Australian poverty research concludes that insufficient attention has been paid to the sensitivity issues associated with the measurement of poverty. poverty measures Australia absolute poverty relative poverty
2	Development of Chilean Poverty : Evidence from 1990 - 2009 Larsson, Malin January 2011 (has links) No description available. absolute poverty relative poverty inequality Chile economic growth pro-poor growth
3	Socially poorer than peers? : Economic resources and school class friendship relations Hjalmarsson, Simon January 2015 (has links) That a lack of economic resources negatively affects the social relations of children is often assumed, sometimes described, but rarely tested using methods allowing generalization. When addressing this issue, previous research has largely been limited to self-reported data on social relations. This thesis uses peer reported measures of social relations in combination with survey and register data to examine the effect of economic resources on the probability of social isolation and on the number of school class friendships of Swedish adolescents. While not entirely unambiguous, the results indicate that a lack of economic resources negatively affects the social relations of children, at least in regards to the school class social relations of adolescents. The results point to the importance for adolescent’s social relations of having the economic and material possibilities to participate in the social life and in the activities undertaken by peers. poverty relative poverty childhood poverty adolescence social relations friendship social isolation social exclusion
4	Essays on Poverty Measurement and Trade Dotter, Caroline 10 February 2016 (has links) No description available. 330 poverty measurement multidimensional poverty relative poverty international poverty line dollar-a-day trade cost compliance cost rules of origin Wirtschaftswissenschaften (PPN621567140)
5	Hartz IV a zázrak pracovního trhu - Kauzalita nebo shoda náhod? / Hartz IV and the Labour Market Miracle - Causality or Coincidence? Slaba, Martin January 2021 (has links) This thesis examines the effects of the so-called Hartz IV reform on the German labour market development, with special emphasis on unemployment reduction. To determine the causal link, a variety of tools are used, namely macroeconomic studies, worker flow analysis, surveys and comparison with competing arguments. Preponderance of evidence suggests, that Hartz IV played a significant role in unemployment rate reduction in the period following its implementation. Size of this effects is hard to discern exactly, but an estimate in the range of 1,5-2 percentage points should be quite accurate. Contrary to popular belief, this reduction did not occur to the detriment of general job quality, such as by splitting of old jobs or by dilution of their working hours. Furthermore, the issue of relative poverty is investigated. The thesis concludes that the increase in relative poverty was not caused primarily by Hartz IV, nor is it a good measure of actual living standard. The increase seems to be to a large degree driven by demographic changes, mainly the decreasing size of German households.
6	Causes and consequences of intra-household inequality on poverty determination: The case of semi-urban Indo-Fijian households Sunil Kumar Unknown Date (has links) The thesis considers two pertinent questions about poverty in Fiji. One is about the accuracy of the poverty measures calculated by the concerned organisations and this relates to the use of equivalence scales and the general style of analysis. The other more intricate question is the disregard for poverty due to intra-family distribution asymmetries. Such miscalculations of poverty arise due use of average household per capita expenditure to represent consumption. This research attempts to answer the question of whether the tendency to underestimate the incidence of poverty by disregarding intra-family inequality is significant. Furthermore, it attempts to determine the causes of these inequalities. The issue is whether the classical method of data analysis (using the family as a unit) is the ideal way of analysing poverty and distribution in societies where large family structures exist and government relief remains minimal. To determine the household inequalities, household expenditures have been disaggregated into individualised expenditures. The individualised consumption expenditure is analysed and compared with the outcomes of aggregate household expenditure data. The analysis provides overwhelming evidence for underestimation of poverty when household consumption expenditures are used. 340000 Economics
7	Causes and consequences of intra-household inequality on poverty determination: The case of semi-urban Indo-Fijian households Sunil Kumar Unknown Date (has links) The thesis considers two pertinent questions about poverty in Fiji. One is about the accuracy of the poverty measures calculated by the concerned organisations and this relates to the use of equivalence scales and the general style of analysis. The other more intricate question is the disregard for poverty due to intra-family distribution asymmetries. Such miscalculations of poverty arise due use of average household per capita expenditure to represent consumption. This research attempts to answer the question of whether the tendency to underestimate the incidence of poverty by disregarding intra-family inequality is significant. Furthermore, it attempts to determine the causes of these inequalities. The issue is whether the classical method of data analysis (using the family as a unit) is the ideal way of analysing poverty and distribution in societies where large family structures exist and government relief remains minimal. To determine the household inequalities, household expenditures have been disaggregated into individualised expenditures. The individualised consumption expenditure is analysed and compared with the outcomes of aggregate household expenditure data. The analysis provides overwhelming evidence for underestimation of poverty when household consumption expenditures are used. 340000 Economics
8	Churches and poverty alleviation : focusing on the greater springs area Mokgotho, Mbonane Samuel January 2014 (has links) Poverty is a condition where people's basic needs for food, clothing and shelter are not being met. Poverty is generally of two types: absolute and relative poverty. Some of the causes of poverty include changing trends in a country’s economy, lack of education, high divorce rate which causes feminisation of poverty, having a culture of poverty, overpopulation, epidemic diseases such as AIDS and malaria, and environmental problems such as lack of rainfall (business dictionary.com). / Dissertation (PhD (Applied Theology))--University of Pretoria, 2014. / Centre for Contextual Ministry / PhD (Applied Theology) / Unrestricted Poverty Transient poverty Poverty reduction Poverty alleviation Poverty eradication, poverty relief Absolute poverty relative poverty Inflation Social Unemployment Unskilled labour Basic needs Democracy Government South Africa, Squatter camps, AIDS Inequality Population Qualitative Social Migration UCTD
9	Poverty reduction strategies in South Africa Mbuli, Bhekizizwe Ntuthuko 31 March 2008 (has links) Between 45-57% of South Africans are estimated to be engulfed by poverty. In an attempt to identify policy instruments that could help change this status quo, the various strategies that have been implemented in countries (e.g. China, Vietnam and Uganda) that are known to have been relatively successful in reducing poverty are reviewed. In the process, this dissertation discusses the literature regarding poverty, with a particular emphasis on the definition, measurement and determinants thereof. Furthermore, South Africa's anti-poverty strategies are discussed. It turns out that these have met limited success. This is largely due to insufficient pro-poor economic growth, weak implementation/administration at the municipal level, slow asset redistribution, high income/wealth inequality, low job generation rate by SMME's, high HIV/AIDS infection rate, public corruption and inadequate monitoring of poverty. Therefore, if meaningful progress towards poverty reduction is to be achieved, the government needs to deal with the foregoing constraints accordingly. / Economics / M.Comm. (Economics) Poverty Poverty reduction Anti-poverty strategies Poverty alleviation Safety nets Absolute poverty Chronic poverty Transient poverty Relative poverty Inflation Social security system Head count ratio Gini-coefficient Pro-poor economic growth Globalisation Unemployment Human capital Unskilled labour Productive assets Trickle- down effect principle Basic needs HIV/AIDS Land reform programme Infrastructure investment Household Natural disasters Household head SMME Population growth Former homelands Market access Good governance Apartheid Democracy South Africa China Vietnam Uganda African National Congress 339.460968 Poverty -- South Africa
10	Poverty reduction strategies in South Africa Mbuli, Bhekizizwe Ntuthuko 31 March 2008 (has links) Between 45-57% of South Africans are estimated to be engulfed by poverty. In an attempt to identify policy instruments that could help change this status quo, the various strategies that have been implemented in countries (e.g. China, Vietnam and Uganda) that are known to have been relatively successful in reducing poverty are reviewed. In the process, this dissertation discusses the literature regarding poverty, with a particular emphasis on the definition, measurement and determinants thereof. Furthermore, South Africa's anti-poverty strategies are discussed. It turns out that these have met limited success. This is largely due to insufficient pro-poor economic growth, weak implementation/administration at the municipal level, slow asset redistribution, high income/wealth inequality, low job generation rate by SMME's, high HIV/AIDS infection rate, public corruption and inadequate monitoring of poverty. Therefore, if meaningful progress towards poverty reduction is to be achieved, the government needs to deal with the foregoing constraints accordingly. / Economics / M.Comm. (Economics) Poverty Poverty reduction Anti-poverty strategies Poverty alleviation Safety nets Absolute poverty Chronic poverty Transient poverty Relative poverty Inflation Social security system Head count ratio Gini-coefficient Pro-poor economic growth Globalisation Unemployment Human capital Unskilled labour Productive assets Trickle- down effect principle Basic needs HIV/AIDS Land reform programme Infrastructure investment Household Natural disasters Household head SMME Population growth Former homelands Market access Good governance Apartheid Democracy South Africa China Vietnam Uganda African National Congress 339.460968 Poverty -- South Africa

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