This thesis begins with the globalization that promoting female transnational migration worldwide. Then, using the social exclusion theory, through the qualitative in-depth interview method, it discusses the social exclusion experience of Indonesian, Vietnamese and Mainland Chinese spouses. It also discusses the effects of Taiwan¡¦s Care and Counseling policies for foreign spouses. Finally, policy suggestions are proposed according to related research discoveries. It finds: First, on the social exclusion, Indonesian, Vietnamese and Mainland Chinese spouses are experienced social exclusion, the dimensions are including of economic, political, social relation, cultural, spatial, and welfare. Moreover, the Vietnamese spouses tend to have greater experience of social exclusion on the dimensions of economic, political, social relation and cultural; Indonesian spouses tend to have greater experience on the economic and political dimensions; Mainland Chinese spouses tend to have greater experience on the political and welfare dimensions. However, no matter they are Indonesian, Vietnamese or Mainland Chinese spouses; they¡¦ll experience political exclusion if they don¡¦t gain their citizenships. Second, on the family adaption type, foreign spouses from Indonesia and Mainland China tend largely to belong to the ¡§adaptive type¡¨ group. By contrast, Vietnamese spouses tend to be the ¡§castle type.¡¨ As a whole, by and large most foreign spouses put great effort into adapting to their new family environment. In addition, their husband¡¦s families provide the support required for their daily lives, and accept them, allowing them to adapt to the new family environment. As such, the number of foreign spouses experiencing difficulties is minimal. Third, Vietnamese, Indonesian and Mainland Chinese spouses whose family adaption type is ¡§difficulty prone type¡¨ have higher tendencies to fall into the situation of social exclusion. By contrast, the ¡§adaptive type¡¨ group have lower tendencies to have social exclusion. Therefore, the family adaptive situation of foreign spouses has close relationship to social exclusion experiences. Among those, the acceptances of the husbands¡¦ families and individual mobility also have high influences. Fourth, the Taiwan¡¦s Care and Counseling policies for foreign spouses: 1. there are still lots of interviewees who haven¡¦t used government services. As for the ones who have used, no matter on Indonesian, Vietnamese or Mainland Chinese spouses, they mostly use the ¡§national health insurance.¡¨ And then, Indonesian and Vietnamese spouses use ¡§life adaption counseling¡¨ and ¡§supplementary and continuing education.¡¨ Mainland Chinese spouses take ¡§economic assistance,¡¨ ¡§vocational training and job referral.¡¨ 2. Most foreign spouses state that after using government services, they find them useful and with positive effects. However, family adaptive situation will influence the effects on using government services. 3. Though government services can only provide limited effects on people with low social exclusion, its services are the main supports for people with high social exclusion.

No description available.

Recent research has showed that advertising deception not only has a negative effect on consumers’ responses to subsequently encountered similar products and sources, but also carries over onto other unrelated advertisements. This research shows through one online and three lab experiments that social exclusion attenuates this carryover effect. These negative attitudes towards subsequent advertising are expected to be the least likely to occur when the subsequent advertising conveys high permeability of joining a group. In addition, this research shows that the effects of exclusion do not wash out the initial negative attitude towards the deceptive advertisement, only the carryover effect.

No description available.

In European, UK and Scottish policy social exclusion has been the main discourse of poverty and disadvantage for at least the last sixteen years. However social exclusion is a contested term and there is limited consensus about its nature and definition. Adult physical activity and adult literacy provision have been identified in policy as having a role in addressing social exclusion and so this study explored understandings of social exclusion in policy and in practitioners’ discourses about their practice in both these types of provision. I undertook an analysis of Scottish policy texts relating to social exclusion, literacy and physical activity. This showed that policy discourse about social exclusion had evolved between 1999 and 2011 from a combative to a more enabling style. It also showed an increasingly overt individualistic economic discourse established as the underpinning rationale for policy intervention. I then undertook a series of semi-structured interviews with nine literacy practitioners and seven physical activity practitioners. Using an approach informed by Critical Discourse Analysis I identified themes in the data. Practitioners’ narratives were analysed in reference to a typology, RED, MUD and SID, (Levitas, 2005) which describes the different ways social exclusion is understood in the UK. These are respectively, a redistributive discourse (RED) which links social exclusion to poverty, a discourse that deploys cultural explanations of social exclusion (MUD) and a discourse which analyses social exclusion in relation to the labour market (SID). The study indicated that social exclusion was understood and interpreted by practitioners in different ways but that a theme of economic individualism framed their discursive practices and echoed policy. The study also revealed discursive links between policy texts and practitioners’ discourses and these were more apparent in literacy practitioners’ discourses than in physical activity practitioners’ discourses. Similarities between both groups of practitioners were most evident in how they identified lack of confidence as a defining characteristic of people who experienced social exclusion and the central role of confidence building in their respective provision. My analysis showed that individual practitioners sometimes articulated simultaneously contradictory discourses about their practice however literacy practitioners’ discourses considered together were more uniform than those of physical activity practitioners. The findings illuminate the complicated and sometimes contradictory landscape of policy and practitioners’ discourses about social exclusion and their practice. They draw attention to the delimitations and constraints on practitioners’ discourses and to the need to support reflexivity in professional practice.

This study examines the intersections of class, social exclusion and education policy during New Labour’s time in office, with the bulk of its focus falling upon secondary schooling. Working against wider political, academic and popular effacements and recodifications of class, and with a particular focus upon its marginalisation within both political and academic discourses of social exclusion, both concepts are mapped out in ways which allow them to be understood in tandem and as rooted within the structures, processes and relations of society and its constitutive institutions. Qualitative in approach, and set within the ebb and flow of long running educational struggles heavily imbued with issues of class, the study uses semistructured interviews with 21 education professionals to explore the impact of the current market-based education policy regime upon the institutional structures, processes and professional practices which confront working class pupils on a daily basis. In turn, it examines the ways in which working class pupils and the shaping of their educational experiences are understood by those trained and charged to teach in an education system intimately bound to the re/production of class inequalities and social exclusion. Parallel to this, the project uses biographically orientated interviews with 17 working class young people in order to explore the variegated ways in which class and social exclusion intersect within their schooling careers as they are shaped along shifting axes through, within, and against the kinds of contexts and conditions mapped out by education professionals. The study provides key insights into the contemporary circulation of class within schools: invoked through crosscutting narratives of ‘ability’, ‘deficiency’ and ‘social constructivism’ by education professionals caught within systemic pressures to perform, and a ubiquitous facet of working class educational experience which is continually stirring, settling, straining to be re/made, and wrought through shifting layers and dimensions of in/exclusion.

<p>How do consumers respond when they experience threats to interpersonal relationships, or social exclusion? This research suggests that consumers will seek brands that are characterized by a specific personality trait dimension. In particular, consumers will seek sincere brands as a means to fulfill the need to belong. I argue that this sincerity orientation effect occurs because the sincerity dimension is positively associated with relationship growth and strength. Several studies demonstrate that when excluded, consumers become biased in their impressions of and preferences for sincere brands; they also feel stronger self-brand connections to sincere brands. Further, two studies demonstrate the moderating roles of identity-relevant affirmation and self-esteem in the relationship between exclusion and sincerity orientation towards brands.</p> / Dissertation

No description available.

Governments have done little to address poverty and homelessness despite awareness of the increasing number of people affected by these issues. Neoliberalizing processes and resulting federal and provincial social policy changes since the 1980s have driven the decimation of Canada’s welfare state and contributed to expanding inequalities that systematically privilege a wealthy few at the expense of the balance of Canadians, particularly those living in poverty. Collective resistances may be the best available and most powerful tool people in poverty, including those who experience homelessness, possess to challenge government policy directions and outcomes that marginalize their voices, needs, and wants. The literature on collective action of people in poverty and who experience homelessness is sparse. Scholarship incorporating the voices of people who experience homelessness and participate in collective action is meager within this small body of literature. The role agency plays in individual behaviors and how such choices may be shaped by social conditions, is relatively unexamined. An activist ethnography, with structural violence as described by Paul Farmer as the critical frame, was used to explore the role various types of agency played in collective actions of people with experiences of homelessness or experience housing insecurity in the Capital Region of British Columbia. Primary questions guiding the research were “What were participants’ experiences of collective change efforts? How may these efforts be understood within a structural violence framework? To answer these questions I chronicle and critically examine the challenges and successes of “The Committee”, a group of housed and unhoused activists as one example of collective actors that ‘push back’ against processes and practices that produce and reproduce homelessness. Findings suggest that structurally violent processes generate embodied outcomes, lived experiences that constrain agency, often working to exclude people with experience of homelessness from collective resistances. Participation of people who are actively homeless or with experiences of homelessness in collective resistances requires attending to basic material needs and daily life issues in ways that allow meaningful participation in organizing work as a precursor to collective action. Allies can reproduce structures of violence and contribute to dismantling those same structures. Relationships between people with experience of homelessness and allies may work to mitigate unequal power relations, allowing some people with experiences of homelessness opportunities for participation in collective resistances not otherwise available to them. Implications for grassroots organizing and inclusion of people with experience of homelessness in collective resistances are included. / Graduate

Towards the end of the twentieth century academic debates in social policy have increasingly focused on social exclusion. Housing, especially housing tenure, has become of central concern to policymakers, planners and academics alike when contemplating mechanisms for the alleviation of social exclusion at the local level. In particular, the development of multi-tenure housing estates have been seen as strategy for tackling the detachment of local neighbourhoods from the mainstream by the current Labour Administration and its advisors (see Urban Task Force Report, 1999).The research, using both quantitative and qualitative methods, undertaken in this thesis predates the current enthusiasm for such developments and attempts to trace the evolution of the multi-tenure housing estate in the British housing system. It highlights both the potential possibilities and limitations of multi-tenure estates, and housing tenure, as a tool for aiding social inclusion. It finds that these estates marginally influence the social networks and behaviour of its residents, but fail to significantly alter the stigma attached to social housing. Therefore, indicating that the geographical proximity of different tenures does not necessarily lead to integration. It cautions against the belief that these estates will 'solve' the problem of social exclusion, but rather should be seen as one of many measures at the Government's disposal.