The diploma thesis is focused on the psychological burden in the profession of a teacher of economic branches. The aim is to examine the issue of psychological stress of teachers, to compare the main stress causes of high school and college teachers and to find out which psycho-hygienic methods are most effective for coping with psychological stress. The theoretical part deals with the characteristics of the psychological burden of teachers, the definition of the main stressors, the stress of the teachers, and the selected techniques of psycho-hygieny. Based on a survey in the empirical part, we compare the causes of psychological stress of high school and college teachers of economic fields, identify the largest sources of stress and compare the effectiveness of psycho-hygienic methods. At the end of this work is an assessment of the current situation and recommendations to the teachers of economic.

Change in any form can become painful if individuals are not equipped with the necessary coping mechanisms. The transformation in the educational arena over the last few years has resulted in increased stress levels for school principals. This study investigates the role and impact of a stress intervention programme, the Art of Living workshop, using controlled breathing techniques, on the functioning of primary school principals in the Phoenix Circuit, Durban. A combined quantitative and qualitative research approach employing structured questionnaires and semi-structured individual interviews was used to compare the principals’ stress levels before and after the stress intervention programme. The findings revealed that the intervention programme was successful in reducing principals’ stress levels. A lack of resources, increased workloads, learner discipline, educator attitudes, indifferent parents and resolving conflicts created stress for principals. Benefits of the Art of Living workshop included the ability to remain calm and relaxed; and improved sleep patterns, increased energy levels and improved human relation skills. / Educational Leadership and Management / MED (ED MNG)

Change in any form can become painful if individuals are not equipped with the necessary coping mechanisms. The transformation in the educational arena over the last few years has resulted in increased stress levels for school principals. This study investigates the role and impact of a stress intervention programme, the Art of Living workshop, using controlled breathing techniques, on the functioning of primary school principals in the Phoenix Circuit, Durban. A combined quantitative and qualitative research approach employing structured questionnaires and semi-structured individual interviews was used to compare the principals’ stress levels before and after the stress intervention programme. The findings revealed that the intervention programme was successful in reducing principals’ stress levels. A lack of resources, increased workloads, learner discipline, educator attitudes, indifferent parents and resolving conflicts created stress for principals. Benefits of the Art of Living workshop included the ability to remain calm and relaxed; and improved sleep patterns, increased energy levels and improved human relation skills. / Educational Leadership and Management / MED (ED MNG)

Les méthodes hybrides Moments/PDF sont bien adaptées pour la description des écoulements diphasiques turbulents, polydispersés, hors équilibre thermodynamique. Ces méthodes permettent d'avoir une description assez fine de la polydispersion, de la convection et des termes sources non-linéaires. Cependant, les approximations issues de telles simulations sont bruitées ce qui, dans certaines situations, occasionne un biais. L'approche alternative étudiée dans ce travail consiste à coupler une description Eulerienne des moments avec une description stochastique Lagrangienne à l'intérieur de la phase dispersée, permettant de réduire l'erreur statistique et d'éliminer le biais. La mise en oeuvre de cette méthode nécessite le développement de schémas numériques robustes. Les approches proposées sont basées sur l'utilisation simultanée des techniques de relaxation et de décentrement, et permettent d'obtenir des approximations stables des solutions instationnaires du système d'équations aux dérivées partielles, avec des données peu régulières provenant du couplage avec le modèle stochastique. Une comparaison des résultats de la méthode hybride Moments-Moments/PDF avec ceux issus de la méthode hybride "classique'' est présentée en termes d'analyse des erreurs numériques sur un cas de jet co-courant gaz-particules. / Hybrid Moments/PDF methods have shown to be well suitable for the description of polydispersed turbulent two-phase flows in non-equilibrium which are encountered in some industrial situations involving chemical reactions, combustion or sprays. hey allow to obtain a fine enough physical description of the polydispersity, non-linear source terms and convection phenomena. However, their approximations are noised with the statistical error, which in several situations may be a source of a bias. An alternative hybrid Moments-Moments/PDF approach examined in this work consists in coupling the Moments and the PDF descriptions, within the description of the dispersed phase itself. This hybrid method could reduce the statistical error and remove the bias. However, such a coupling is not straightforward in practice and requires the development of accurate and stable numerical schemes. The approaches introduced in this work rely on the combined use of the upwinding and relaxation-type techniques. They allow to obtain stable unsteady approximations for a system of partial differential equations containing non-smooth external data which are provided by the PDF part of the model. A comparison of the results obtained using the present method with those of the ``classical'' hybrid approach is presented in terms of the numerical errors for a case of a co-current gas-particle wall jet.

The degree work deals with the issues of psychic and physical strain of social workers who are in charge of the benefits of help in material deprivation. More deeply it describes the social work difficulties and problems connected to performing this profession, especially after the social reform of 01/01/2012. All aspcts of the strain that social workers at the benefits of help in material deprivation can meet, e. g. overwork, burn-out syndrome, growing sickness rate, communication problems, conflicts at work places, agressive clients. Neither prevention nor coping with strain can be omitted. In the background of the degree work the social work before and after the social reform is compared and the consequent proposals for the improvement of the situation of social workers at job centres are introduced.