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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
31

Patient empowerment in long-term conditions : development and validation of a new measure

Small, Nicola January 2012 (has links)
Background: Patient empowerment is viewed as a priority by policy makers, patients and practitioners worldwide. Although there are a number of measures available, none have been developed specifically for patients in the UK with long-term conditions. It is the aim of this study to report the development and preliminary validation of an empowerment instrument for patients with long-term conditions in primary care.Methods: The study involved three methods. Firstly, a systematic review was conducted to identify existing empowerment instruments, and to describe, compare and appraise their content and quality. The results supported the need for a new instrument. Item content of existing instruments helped support development of the new instrument. Secondly, empowerment was explored in patients with long-term conditions and primary care practitioners using qualitative methods, to explore its meaning and the factors that support or hinder empowerment. This led to the development of a conceptual model to support instrument development. Thirdly, a new instrument for measuring empowerment in patients with long-term conditions in primary care was developed. A cross-sectional survey of patients was conducted to collect preliminary data on acceptability, reliability and validity, using pre-specified hypotheses based on existing theoretical and empirical work. Results: Nine instruments meeting review inclusion criteria were identified. Only one instrument was developed to measure empowerment in long-term conditions in the context of primary care, and that was judged to be insufficient in terms of content and purpose. Five dimensions (‘identity’, ‘knowledge and understanding’, ‘personal control’, personal decision-making’, and ‘enabling other patients’) of empowerment were identified through published literature and the qualitative work and incorporated into a preliminary version of the new instrument. A postal survey achieved 197 responses (response rate 33%). Almost half of the sample reported circulatory, diabetic or musculoskeletal conditions. Exploratory factor analysis suggested a three factor solution (‘identity’, ‘knowledge and understanding’ and ‘enabling’). Two dimensions of empowerment (‘identity’ and ‘enabling’) and total empowerment showed acceptable levels of internal consistency. The measure showed relationships with external measures (including quality of chronic illness care, self-efficacy and educational qualifications) that were generally supportive of its construct validity.Conclusion: Initial analyses suggest that the new measure meets basic psychometric criteria and has potential for the measurement of patient empowerment in long-term conditions in primary care. The scale may have a role in research on quality of care for long-term conditions, and could function as a patient-reported outcome measure. However, further validation is required before more extensive use of the measure.
32

Development of a Chinese version WHO Self-Assessment Tool for Evaluating Health Promotion in Hospital

ZHOU, FENGQIONG 02 1900 (has links)
[Support Institutions:] Department of Administration of Health, University of Montreal, Canada Public Health School of Fudan University, Shanghai, China / Afin de développer un instrument de la version chinoise d`OMS outil d'auto-évaluation de la promotion de la santé dans l'hôpital(OMSOAEPSH), un processus complexe de traduction socio-culturelle a été nécessaire. De plus, de tester la fiabilité et la validité, un enquête a été menée à la fois en Chine et au Canada (Montréal), cette recherche a été le premier fois d`adopter un contre-culture de l`approche complétée qui comprend : cet origine outil en anglais d`OMSOAEPSH proposé par l’OMS a été traduit et adapté en Chinois; la traduction de l’édition source de l’OMSAÉPSH en chinois, puis sa retraduction en anglais par une autre personne afin de tester la pertinence de la ` traduction culturelle`, ensuite trois professionnels de la santé qui connaissent bien l’anglais ont commenté la qualité de la traduction. Une méthode d’échantillonnage non aléatoire a été utilisée. Huit professionnels chinois qui travaillent au sein d’organisations de santé à Montréal ont d’abord été interviewés pour finaliser une épreuve pilote. Ensuite, une enquête formelle a été effectuée dans 3 capitales provinciales en Chine (Shanghai, Kunming et Hefei) au cours de l’été 2008. Au total, quarante gestionnaires issus de vingt-deux hôpitaux de ces trois villes ont participé à la recherche. Deuxièmement, pour fournir un première description de la situation actuelle de la chine de la promotion de la santé en utilisant cette outil chinoise, ces trois villes ont les différents niveaux de développement économique et de culture différente mais ils sont tous profondément influencé par la médecine traditionnelle chinoise. Le modèle de gestion des hôpitaux chinois, l’influence et le rôle de la Médecine Traditionnelle Chinoise (MTC) pour développer la promotion de la santé en Chine ont fait l’objet d’une discussion approfondie dans cette thèse. Tous les répondants ont été volontaires pour participer à la première enquête et la reprise de l`enquête après trois – sept jours. La fiabilité des analyses de cohérence interne par Alpha de Cronbach, inter-évaluateurs fiabilité par analyses de corrélation, Test-retest fiabilité par Paire Sample T-test, la validité des essais par le biais de l`analyse factorielle et Pearson Bivariate Correlations analyse. NPAR test a été utilisé d`analyser la promotion de la santé entre les différentes villes et de comparer leurs différents niveaux entre les différent hôpitaux de grade. Résultats : Seul un item sur quarante (le mot <contenter>) a été jugé unanimement comme ayant un sens différent par rapport à la version originale. Le coefficient alpha de Cronbach’s était 0.938 pour l'ensemble des items et de 0.896 pour l`ensemble des domaines. Cette total de Cronbach Appha de l` coefficient pourrait être affecté par le nombre d`indicateurs. L'alpha de Cronbach’s de la norme 1 à norme 5 était : 0.79, 0.82, 0.81, 0.79 et 0.76. L’analyse du modèle ‘Split-half’ de 0.1 à 1, indiquant qu'il n'y avait aucune différence significative entre les valeurs de l'essai initial et l'essai de répétition de chaque article (pré et post test). Ceci montre que l'outil (version chinoise) est fiable. L’analyse factorielle confirme la validité d`OMSOAEPSH chinoise en général, mais sa validité a besoin de nouvelles recherches théoriques et empiriques. Les données qualitatives montrent que tous les participants pensent que cet outil d'auto-évaluation est avantageux en théorie mais, en pratique, seulement 17 des 35 répondants [chefs d’hôpitaux] entendent utiliser cet instrument dans leur milieu de travail, 15 des 35 gestionnaires d'hôpital l'ont refusé, et 3 employés ne sont pas sûr de l'utiliser. Le score moyen de promotion de la santé, du plus élevé au moins élevé était: norme 5 : 28.95 (72.4% du score plein), norme 4 : 35.7 (71.4%) ; norme 3 : 21.34 (71.1%) ; norme 2 : 28.85 (68.1%) ; norme 1 : 28.17 (62.6%). Le score mayen d`évaluation pour les différents hôpitaux de Grade III à Grade I était154.19 + 7.34 (n=21), 158.67 + 10.7 (n=9), 144.82 + 14.54 (n=11). Le résultat d’analyse de variance a montré qu'il n'y avait aucune différence significative entre les valeurs de différents Grades hôpitaux. Cette thèse a souligné les valeurs caractéristiques du système de soins chinois, notamment que la prévention de la maladie est primauté, le service centré sur le patient- sens. La MTC, combinée avec la médecine occidentale, ainsi que le rôle de l'hôpital, doivent permettre la promotion de la santé dans les communautés environnantes ; ce sont les stratégies pour développer la promotion de la santé, même si la Chine présente un certain nombre de conditions difficiles à ce développement. Cette recherche crée une base pour de futures recherches sur une promotion de la santé efficace dans les hôpitaux chinois. / The first purpose of this research is to develop a Chinese version (WHO self-assessment tool for Health Promotion in Hospital(WHOSATHPH), and test its reliability and validity through a pilot test in Canada (Montréal) and spot field investigation in China, this research was the first time to adopt completely cross-culture approach which includes:translated the source English edition tool into Chinese, then back translated it into English. 8 Chinese health professionals who have worked both in China and Montreal were investigated to complete the pilot test. Then 3 health professionals whose work language is English (1 Native American, 1 evaluation professor, the author of WHOSATHPH) commented the back-translation quality. The spot field investigation was performed in three Chinese capital cities, Shanghai, Hefei and Kunming from 5 June to 30 August 2008. Non-probability sample was used to survey 40 hospital leaders who are from 22 China hospitals, and 3 health management researchers (include 1 government officer). The second purpose of this research is to provide a primary description of China current HPH development by using this Chinese version WHOSATHPH, and to discuss China current hospital service evaluating principle and management model, and analysis the value and culture of TCM and its role and influence to China HPH development. Three capital cities(Shanghai, Kunming, and Hefei) which stand for different economic development level and different culture context feature but all deep influenced by TCM were investigated. 22 hospitals and 35 hospital leaders were given interview while they answered the questionnaire. All the respondents were vonluntary to take part in the first survey and the repeat survey after 3-7 days if they would like to. Reliability analysis include internal consistency(Cronbach Alpha),inter-rater relibility(Correlation analysis),Test-retest reliability( Paire-Sample T-test), Validity Test through factor analysis and Pearson Bivariate Correlations analysis. NPAR test was used to analyize the different cities and different grade hospitals comparison. Result: Only 1 word <satisfy>) was marked different meaning comparing with the back translation English version with original version by all of them. Reliability measures utilized Cronbach's Alpha, the general coefficient of the Chinese version WHOSATHPH was 0.938, Cronbach's alpha for the domains was 0.896. The Cronbach`s alpha for v five standards from one to five were: 0.793, 0.819, 0.807, 0.785, 0.755. 8 groups data were used for Inner-raters analysis, result shows that Shanghai respondents had comment consistency but Hefei and Kunming respondents didn't show inner raters assessed consistency. Pair T-Test for 40 items between pre and post test, the signification p was from 0.1-1 which indicates not statistic significant difference. Factor analysis shows this tool has the general theory construct validity, but the domain construct validity has not show the contruct validity. The results showed that Chinese version WHOSATHPH has high internal consistency but the high Cronbach`s Alpha might concern to the number of items. All the respondents thought WHOSATHPH was valuable in theory research, 15 respondents refused to use this instrument in their work, only 17 respondents accepted it, 3 respondents were not sure to use. The rejective reasons were: no government finance budget support, no demand from the government, difficult to follow. The acceptive reasons were: help to improve the work quality, help to guide HPH development. This research result shows that the Chinese version has reliability and general construct validity, but its validity needs the further conceptual and empirical research to prove. ① For five standards from the highest to lowest: standard5 (continuity and cooperation) 28.95(72.4% of full score), standard4 (healthy workplace) 35.71(71.4%), standard3 (patient information and prevention) 21.34 (71.1%), standard2 (patients assessment) 23.85 (68.1%), standard1 (management and policy) 28.17(only 62.6% of full score). These results show China hospitals has better HPH development level, their means are all over 60% of full score,②The mean of the total score for different grade hospital were: Grade III (n=21)154.19 + 7.34, Grade II(n=9) 158.67 + 10.7, Grade I (n=11) 144.82 + 14.54. Variance analysis result shows that there was no statistic significant difference between different grade hospitals. However, the last conclusion need further research with large ramdom sample size investigation. This thesis discussed the quality and weakness of China health care system and its successive strategies to develop HPH in very poor finance support, huge population, and difficult social condition and polluted environment. Disease prevention first, patient-center, combined the TCM with west medicine are regarded as the successive strategies for China HPH development. This research created a foundation for future HPH research.
33

Development of a Chinese version WHO Self-Assessment Tool for Evaluating Health Promotion in Hospital

ZHOU, FENGQIONG 02 1900 (has links)
Afin de développer un instrument de la version chinoise d`OMS outil d'auto-évaluation de la promotion de la santé dans l'hôpital(OMSOAEPSH), un processus complexe de traduction socio-culturelle a été nécessaire. De plus, de tester la fiabilité et la validité, un enquête a été menée à la fois en Chine et au Canada (Montréal), cette recherche a été le premier fois d`adopter un contre-culture de l`approche complétée qui comprend : cet origine outil en anglais d`OMSOAEPSH proposé par l’OMS a été traduit et adapté en Chinois; la traduction de l’édition source de l’OMSAÉPSH en chinois, puis sa retraduction en anglais par une autre personne afin de tester la pertinence de la ` traduction culturelle`, ensuite trois professionnels de la santé qui connaissent bien l’anglais ont commenté la qualité de la traduction. Une méthode d’échantillonnage non aléatoire a été utilisée. Huit professionnels chinois qui travaillent au sein d’organisations de santé à Montréal ont d’abord été interviewés pour finaliser une épreuve pilote. Ensuite, une enquête formelle a été effectuée dans 3 capitales provinciales en Chine (Shanghai, Kunming et Hefei) au cours de l’été 2008. Au total, quarante gestionnaires issus de vingt-deux hôpitaux de ces trois villes ont participé à la recherche. Deuxièmement, pour fournir un première description de la situation actuelle de la chine de la promotion de la santé en utilisant cette outil chinoise, ces trois villes ont les différents niveaux de développement économique et de culture différente mais ils sont tous profondément influencé par la médecine traditionnelle chinoise. Le modèle de gestion des hôpitaux chinois, l’influence et le rôle de la Médecine Traditionnelle Chinoise (MTC) pour développer la promotion de la santé en Chine ont fait l’objet d’une discussion approfondie dans cette thèse. Tous les répondants ont été volontaires pour participer à la première enquête et la reprise de l`enquête après trois – sept jours. La fiabilité des analyses de cohérence interne par Alpha de Cronbach, inter-évaluateurs fiabilité par analyses de corrélation, Test-retest fiabilité par Paire Sample T-test, la validité des essais par le biais de l`analyse factorielle et Pearson Bivariate Correlations analyse. NPAR test a été utilisé d`analyser la promotion de la santé entre les différentes villes et de comparer leurs différents niveaux entre les différent hôpitaux de grade. Résultats : Seul un item sur quarante (le mot <contenter>) a été jugé unanimement comme ayant un sens différent par rapport à la version originale. Le coefficient alpha de Cronbach’s était 0.938 pour l'ensemble des items et de 0.896 pour l`ensemble des domaines. Cette total de Cronbach Appha de l` coefficient pourrait être affecté par le nombre d`indicateurs. L'alpha de Cronbach’s de la norme 1 à norme 5 était : 0.79, 0.82, 0.81, 0.79 et 0.76. L’analyse du modèle ‘Split-half’ de 0.1 à 1, indiquant qu'il n'y avait aucune différence significative entre les valeurs de l'essai initial et l'essai de répétition de chaque article (pré et post test). Ceci montre que l'outil (version chinoise) est fiable. L’analyse factorielle confirme la validité d`OMSOAEPSH chinoise en général, mais sa validité a besoin de nouvelles recherches théoriques et empiriques. Les données qualitatives montrent que tous les participants pensent que cet outil d'auto-évaluation est avantageux en théorie mais, en pratique, seulement 17 des 35 répondants [chefs d’hôpitaux] entendent utiliser cet instrument dans leur milieu de travail, 15 des 35 gestionnaires d'hôpital l'ont refusé, et 3 employés ne sont pas sûr de l'utiliser. Le score moyen de promotion de la santé, du plus élevé au moins élevé était: norme 5 : 28.95 (72.4% du score plein), norme 4 : 35.7 (71.4%) ; norme 3 : 21.34 (71.1%) ; norme 2 : 28.85 (68.1%) ; norme 1 : 28.17 (62.6%). Le score mayen d`évaluation pour les différents hôpitaux de Grade III à Grade I était154.19 + 7.34 (n=21), 158.67 + 10.7 (n=9), 144.82 + 14.54 (n=11). Le résultat d’analyse de variance a montré qu'il n'y avait aucune différence significative entre les valeurs de différents Grades hôpitaux. Cette thèse a souligné les valeurs caractéristiques du système de soins chinois, notamment que la prévention de la maladie est primauté, le service centré sur le patient- sens. La MTC, combinée avec la médecine occidentale, ainsi que le rôle de l'hôpital, doivent permettre la promotion de la santé dans les communautés environnantes ; ce sont les stratégies pour développer la promotion de la santé, même si la Chine présente un certain nombre de conditions difficiles à ce développement. Cette recherche crée une base pour de futures recherches sur une promotion de la santé efficace dans les hôpitaux chinois. / The first purpose of this research is to develop a Chinese version (WHO self-assessment tool for Health Promotion in Hospital(WHOSATHPH), and test its reliability and validity through a pilot test in Canada (Montréal) and spot field investigation in China, this research was the first time to adopt completely cross-culture approach which includes:translated the source English edition tool into Chinese, then back translated it into English. 8 Chinese health professionals who have worked both in China and Montreal were investigated to complete the pilot test. Then 3 health professionals whose work language is English (1 Native American, 1 evaluation professor, the author of WHOSATHPH) commented the back-translation quality. The spot field investigation was performed in three Chinese capital cities, Shanghai, Hefei and Kunming from 5 June to 30 August 2008. Non-probability sample was used to survey 40 hospital leaders who are from 22 China hospitals, and 3 health management researchers (include 1 government officer). The second purpose of this research is to provide a primary description of China current HPH development by using this Chinese version WHOSATHPH, and to discuss China current hospital service evaluating principle and management model, and analysis the value and culture of TCM and its role and influence to China HPH development. Three capital cities(Shanghai, Kunming, and Hefei) which stand for different economic development level and different culture context feature but all deep influenced by TCM were investigated. 22 hospitals and 35 hospital leaders were given interview while they answered the questionnaire. All the respondents were vonluntary to take part in the first survey and the repeat survey after 3-7 days if they would like to. Reliability analysis include internal consistency(Cronbach Alpha),inter-rater relibility(Correlation analysis),Test-retest reliability( Paire-Sample T-test), Validity Test through factor analysis and Pearson Bivariate Correlations analysis. NPAR test was used to analyize the different cities and different grade hospitals comparison. Result: Only 1 word <satisfy>) was marked different meaning comparing with the back translation English version with original version by all of them. Reliability measures utilized Cronbach's Alpha, the general coefficient of the Chinese version WHOSATHPH was 0.938, Cronbach's alpha for the domains was 0.896. The Cronbach`s alpha for v five standards from one to five were: 0.793, 0.819, 0.807, 0.785, 0.755. 8 groups data were used for Inner-raters analysis, result shows that Shanghai respondents had comment consistency but Hefei and Kunming respondents didn't show inner raters assessed consistency. Pair T-Test for 40 items between pre and post test, the signification p was from 0.1-1 which indicates not statistic significant difference. Factor analysis shows this tool has the general theory construct validity, but the domain construct validity has not show the contruct validity. The results showed that Chinese version WHOSATHPH has high internal consistency but the high Cronbach`s Alpha might concern to the number of items. All the respondents thought WHOSATHPH was valuable in theory research, 15 respondents refused to use this instrument in their work, only 17 respondents accepted it, 3 respondents were not sure to use. The rejective reasons were: no government finance budget support, no demand from the government, difficult to follow. The acceptive reasons were: help to improve the work quality, help to guide HPH development. This research result shows that the Chinese version has reliability and general construct validity, but its validity needs the further conceptual and empirical research to prove. ① For five standards from the highest to lowest: standard5 (continuity and cooperation) 28.95(72.4% of full score), standard4 (healthy workplace) 35.71(71.4%), standard3 (patient information and prevention) 21.34 (71.1%), standard2 (patients assessment) 23.85 (68.1%), standard1 (management and policy) 28.17(only 62.6% of full score). These results show China hospitals has better HPH development level, their means are all over 60% of full score,②The mean of the total score for different grade hospital were: Grade III (n=21)154.19 + 7.34, Grade II(n=9) 158.67 + 10.7, Grade I (n=11) 144.82 + 14.54. Variance analysis result shows that there was no statistic significant difference between different grade hospitals. However, the last conclusion need further research with large ramdom sample size investigation. This thesis discussed the quality and weakness of China health care system and its successive strategies to develop HPH in very poor finance support, huge population, and difficult social condition and polluted environment. Disease prevention first, patient-center, combined the TCM with west medicine are regarded as the successive strategies for China HPH development. This research created a foundation for future HPH research. / [Support Institutions:] Department of Administration of Health, University of Montreal, Canada Public Health School of Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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