The variability of chemical parameters over the landscape was examined in this research. A terrain hierarchy based on genetic geo-morphological unit concepts was developed in two Quaternary landscapes in the Fraser Valley and in the Peace River area in British Columbia. The relative variability within and betueen different hierarchical units ranging from "sites" to "landform units" to "landform unit types" was compared. The variability was large in all units but was smaller at the site scale than at the landform unit scale, within single landform units chemical parameters were shown to be closely related to type of drainage. Available Ca, Mg, Na, H, and Si were found to be the most important differentiating parameters for all units. Site categories which reflected units of similar parent material, form, and inferred genesis were determined by application of a cluster analysis procedure. Sites grouped by this method were not coextensive with individual land-form units, thus suggesting that the environmental imprint on the.chemical conditions was not as strong as that of the genesis. The best grouping was obtained with the Peace River data where more natural conditions prevailed. A data screening through factor analysis prior to the grouping improved the landform unit type classification in the Fraser Valley where the chemical conditions were complicated by a more complex and intensive land use pattern. Multispectral remote sensing techniques were used to assess the potential of predicting chemical ground conditions from spectral measurements. Multispectral photography combined with density slicing and additive color viewing techniques were used to quantify chemical ground conditions on the photographic image. Areas'of different soil moisture and percent Carbon content could readily be identified and quantified by this means. Exchangeable Ca, Mg, and Na could partially be differentiated probably as a result of direct correlation with Carbon. The wider band photography (color k00-700 nm and color IR 500-900 nm wavelength range) produced better results than the narrow band black and white images (50D-6QD nm and 6DD-7DD nm wavelength range). The trends in detecting chemicals were consistent for both vegetated and non-vegetated surfaces; the sliced color film image was slightly more useful for analyzing exposed soil surfaces, while the sliced color IR image proved to be more useful for the interpretation of vegetated surfaces. Direct digital reflection measurements were made with a multichannel spectrometer from the air, and Dn soil samples on the ground and in the laboratory. In the field the A-DO-1000 nm spectral wavelength range was used and the laboratory analysis was extended to the 35D-25D0 nm wavelength range. Only bare soil surfaces were investigated. Correlation and regression analysis revealed that % Carbon, % Fe, exchangeable Mg, and exchangeable K could be predicted from spectral reflection values. There is evidence thattthe spectral-chemical relationship follows a curvilinear function, but adequate predictions were obtained with linear relationships at low chemical concentration levels. Despite differences in measuring techniques similar regression trends were obtained for all three methods and the 50D-11D0 nm wavelength range was found to be most useful in this analysis. The total spectral reflectance curve was found to be of importance since soils from similar parent materials produced characteristic curves which could readily be differentiated by all three types of measurements. / Arts, Faculty of / Geography, Department of / Graduate

Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 1998. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 122-123). Also available on the World Wide Web.

No description available.

Thesis (MS)--Montana State University--Bozeman, 2008. / Typescript. Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Edward E. Adams. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 82-86).

Thesis (M.S.)--Brigham Young University. Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 85-86).

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2008. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 60, 12 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 56-60).

Thesis (M.S. in Modeling, Virtual Environments and Simulation)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2003. / Thesis advisor(s): Don Brutzman, Curt Blais. Includes bibliographical references (p. 117-118). Also available online.

Thesis (doctoral)--Göteborg University, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 293-301).

Thesis (doctoral)--Göteborg University, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 293-301).

Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2002. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The recognition and description of relief features from their contour patterns is recognized as the main challenge in topographic map education. Conducting field exercises can solve this problem, but can be very time consuming. Modern technology, however, provides an alternative teaching technique by creating depictions of terrain. Important issues raised by this new approach include questions such as what these depictions should look like and how it should be presented to the user. Research presented here aims to address these issues by constructing design guidelines for terrain depiction. These design guidelines were derived from previous research and case studies. The guidelines focussed on research about how people perceive different representations of terrain and how these representations should optimally be presented. The design guidelines were constructed from research done in diverse fields such as cognitive psychology, cartography and engineering. Results of this research revealed that in order to develop an effective terrain visualization tool, it is crucial to incorporate different fields of expertise. The design guidelines were implemented with ArcView GIS and its 3D Analyst extension, which has the ability to display spatial data in three dimensions. The final product is called Terrain Visualization Tool 1.1 (TVT) and was created by customizing an ArcView GIS project (TV BUILDER) and constructing a Website (TV VIEWER). TV BUILDER creates the visualization data in the form of 20 web pages per topographic area and links them to TV VIEWER that serves as a platform to view the data. The design guidelines were implemented successfully and show the advantages of using Geographical Information Systems (GIS) in related research. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die identifisering en beskrywing van landskapelemente vanaf hul kontoere is geidentifiseer as die primere uitdaging in topografiese kaartonderrig. Hierdie probleem kan oorkom word deur kaartleesoefeninge in die veld te onderneem, maar dit neem baie tyd in beslag. Modeme tegnologie maak ‘n alternatiewe onderrigmedium moontlik deur die skep van verskillende landskapsuitbeeldings. Hierdie alternatief laat die vraag ontstaan hoe die uitbeeldings moet lyk en hoe dit aan die gebruiker aangebied moet word. Die doel van hierdie navorsing spreek hierdie vrae aan deur ontwerpriglyne vir landskap uitbeelding daar te stel. Die ontwerpriglyne is saamgestel deur bestudering van vorige navorsing en studies wat op hierdie gebied gedoen is. Die riglyne fokus veral op navorsing wat mense se reaksie op verskillende landskapuitbeeldings ondersoek. Die ontwerpriglyne is egter saamgestel deur navorsing wat gedoen is in velde soos kognitiewe sielkunde, kartografie en ingenieurswese. Hierdie navorsing het bewys dat inkorporasie van verskillende studievelde in die ontwikkeling van terrein visualiseringstoepassings essensieel is. Die riglyne is geimplementeer deur gebruik te maak van ArcView GIS en die 3D Analyst uitbreiding wat die vermoe het om data in drie dimensies uit te beeld. Die finale produk genaamd Terrain Visualization Tool 1.1 (TVT) bestaan uit twee komponente, naamlik ‘n aangepaste ArcView GIS projek (TV BUILDER) en ‘n webwerf (TV VIEWER). TV BUILDER skep die landskapsuitbeeldings van een topografiese area in die vorm van 20 web bladsye en verbind dit met TV VIEWER, wat as ‘n platform dien om die landskap uitbeeldings te beskou. Die ontwerpriglyne is suksesvol geimplementeer, wat die voordele van Geografiese Inligtingstelsels (GIS) in hierdie en soortgelyke toekomstige navorsing demonstreer.