Ulm, Univ., Diss., 2008.

Ulm, Univ., Diss., 2008.

No description available.

Es stehen mehrere analgetische Strategien zur Schmerzlinderung während der Geburt zur Verfügung. Zunehmend wird Remifentanil, ein kurz wirksames Opioid, aufgrund seiner besonderen pharmakologischen Eigenschaften als alternatives Analgetikum verwendet. Ziel dieser Dissertation war die systematische Beurteilung der Wirksamkeit von Remifentanil, appliziert im Rahmen einer intravenösen patientenkontrollierten Analgesie (PCA) für Wehenschmerzen, zusammen mit der Analyse potentieller unerwünschter Ereignisse für die Mutter und das Neugeborene. Durch eine systematische Literatursuche verschiedener Datenbanken im Dezember 2015 wurden randomisierte kontrollierte Studien identifiziert, die Remifentanil (PCA) mit einem anderen Opioid (IV/IM), einem anderen Opioid (PCA), mit epiduraler Analgesie, mit Remifentanil (kontinuierlich IV) oder mit Remifentanil (PCA, anderes Schema) bei geplanter vaginaler Entbindung verglichen haben. Zwanzig Studien mit 3569 Frauen konnten eingeschlossen werden. Die methodologische Qualität der analysierten Studien war mäßig bis schlecht. Das Risiko für Bias hinsichtlich Verblindung und unvollständiger Berichterstattung von Daten wurde in 65% bzw. 45% der inkludierten Studien als hoch eingestuft. Insgesamt ergaben sich Hinweise darauf, dass Frauen in der Gruppe Remifentanil (PCA) zufriedener waren als Frauen in der Gruppe mit einem anderen Opioid (IV/IM), allerdings weniger zufrieden mit der Schmerzlinderung als Frauen, die eine epidurale Analgesie erhielten. Für den frühen Endpunkt führte die Anwendung einer Remifentanil (PCA) zu einer größeren Schmerzlinderung als die Administration eines anderen Opioids (IV/IM), wohingegen eine geringere Schmerzlinderung im Vergleich zur epiduralen Analgesie erzielt wurde. Die Datenlage in Bezug auf maternale und neonatale unerwünschte Ereignisse und Sicherheitsaspekte war limitiert. Es gab keinen Hinweis darauf, dass Remifentanil (PCA) im Vergleich zur epiduralen Analgesie mit niedrigeren Apgar Scores einherging. 156 Bei der Verwendung von Remifentanil (PCA) forderten weniger Frauen eine zusätzliche Analgesie verglichen mit der Verwendung von anderen Opioiden (IV/IM). Demgegenüber forderten mehr Frauen mit Remifentanil (PCA) eine zusätzliche Analgesie verglichen mit der epiduralen Analgesie. Die Evidenzlage zeigte keinen Unterschied hinsichtlich des Risikos einer Kaiserschnittentbindung zwischen Remifentanil (PCA) und anderen Opioide (IV/IM) sowie Remifentanil (PCA) und epiduraler Analgesie. Basierend auf den Ergebnissen dieser Dissertation lässt sich zusammenfassend sagen, dass es überwiegend wenig aussagekräftige Evidenz für die Praxis gibt und die zukünftige Forschung die aktuelle Datenlage ändern kann. Die Qualität der Evidenz ist hauptsächlich limitiert durch die schlechte Qualität der Studien, Inkonsistenz und fehlende Präzision. Weitere Studien, die insbesondere maternale und neonatale Sicherheit (mütterliche Apnoe und Atemdepression, Apgar Score) untersuchen, sind erforderlich, um die optimale Art und Weise der Applikation von Remifentanil bei höchster Wirksamkeit und vertretbaren unerwünschten Ereignissen für die Mutter und ihr Neugeborenes herauszufinden. / There are several analgesic strategies for pain relief during labor. Increasingly, remifentanil, a short-acting opioid, is being used as an alternative analgesic because of its unique pharmacological properties. The aim of this dissertation was to systematically assess the efficacy of remifentanil administered as an intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) for labor pain, along with the analysis of potential adverse events for the mother and neonate. A systematic literature search of several databases in December 2015 identified randomized controlled trials comparing remifentanil (PCA) with another opioid (intravenous (IV)/intramuscular (IM)), another opioid (PCA), epidural analgesia, remifentanil (continuous IV) or remifentanil (PCA, different regime) in women with planned vaginal delivery. Twenty studies with 3569 data sets could be included. The methodological quality of the analyzed studies was moderate to poor. The risk of bias regarding blinding and incomplete data reporting was considered high in 65% and 45% of the included studies, respectively. Overall, there was some evidence that women in the remifentanil (PCA) group were more satisfied than women in the group with another opioid (IV/IM), but less satisfied with pain relief than women receiving epidural analgesia. For the early endpoint (30 minutes/1 hour), the use of remifentanil (PCA) resulted in greater pain relief than the administration of another opioid (IV/IM), whereas lower pain relief was achieved compared to epidural analgesia. The data on maternal and neonatal adverse events and safety aspects was limited. There was no evidence that remifentanil (PCA) was associated with lower Apgar scores compared to epidural analgesia. When using remifentanil (PCA), fewer women required additional analgesia compared to the use of other opioids (IV/IM). In contrast, more women with remifentanil (PCA) required additional analgesia compared to epidural analgesia. The evidence showed no difference in the risk of cesarean delivery between remifentanil (PCA) and other opioids (IV/IM), as well as remifentanil (PCA) and epidural analgesia. Based on the results of this dissertation, it can be summarized that there is predominantly little meaningful evidence for the practice and future research can change the current data situation. The quality of the evidence is mainly limited by the poor quality of the studies, inconsistency and lack of precision. Further studies, in particular those which investigate maternal and neonatal safety (maternal apnea and respiratory depression, Apgar score), are needed to find the optimal mode of administration of remifentanil with the highest efficacy and justifiable adverse events for the mother and her newborn.

Propofol is an intravenously administered, hypnotic and short- acting pharmaceutical. One common sideeffect (>1:10) and therefore a disadvantage with propofol is the local pain that arise when the initial injection is given. Why the pain arise is not clearly understood. A majority of different pharmacological treatments, different doses and combinations, alternative administrations methods and physical interventions have been tried to reduce the pain when injection of propofol is given. One important task for the nurse is to relieve pain for patients. It is important for all patients to be painless and not experience discomfort caused by procedure in health care. The purpose of this study was to examine if administration of lidocaine and/ or remifentanil could in connection with injection of propofol reduce pain incidence and intensity at the injection. A literature study based on twenty-eight scientific articles was conducted. The result shows that a combination of lidocaine andremifentanil give the best pain relief. Howewer there is no difference in propofolinduced injection pain when lidocaine or remifentanil alone is compared. Other factors that could affect injection pain are use of a tourniquet which enhances the pain reduction, but the time that the tourniquet is applied is not decisive. The placement of the iv-catheter should be in the largest vein possible. By using this knowledge the incidence and intensity of pain could be reduced with drugs commonly used in Swedish aneasthetic care. Thereby patients' suffering could also be reduced.

<p>Propofol is an intravenously administered, hypnotic and short- acting pharmaceutical. One common sideeffect (>1:10) and therefore a disadvantage with propofol is the local pain that arise when the initial injection is given. Why the pain arise is not clearly understood. A majority of different pharmacological treatments, different doses and combinations, alternative administrations methods and physical interventions have been tried to reduce the pain when injection of propofol is given. One important task for the nurse is to relieve pain for patients. It is important for all patients to be painless and not experience discomfort caused by procedure in health care. The purpose of this study was to examine if administration of lidocaine and/ or remifentanil could in connection with injection of propofol reduce pain incidence and intensity at the injection. A literature study based on twenty-eight scientific articles was conducted. The result shows that a combination of lidocaine andremifentanil give the best pain relief. Howewer there is no difference in propofolinduced injection pain when lidocaine or remifentanil alone is compared. Other factors that could affect injection pain are use of a tourniquet which enhances the pain reduction, but the time that the tourniquet is applied is not decisive. The placement of the iv-catheter should be in the largest vein possible. By using this knowledge the incidence and intensity of pain could be reduced with drugs commonly used in Swedish aneasthetic care. Thereby patients' suffering could also be reduced.</p>

Propofol är ett intravenöst, hypnotiskt och kortverkande läkemedel. En vanlig biverkan (&gt;1:10) och därmed en nackdel med propofol är lokal smärta, som kan uppstå vid den initiala injektionen. Varför smärta uppstår är inte helt klarlagt. Flertalet olika farmakologiska behandlingar, olika doser och kombinationer, alternativa administrationsmetoder och fysiska interventioner har provats för att minska smärtan vid propofolinjektionen. En viktig uppgift för sjuksköterskan är att lindra smärta för patienter. Det är betydelsefullt för alla patienter att inte uppleva smärta och obehag orsakat av vårdrelaterade procedurer. Syftet med studien var att undersöka om administrering av lidokain och/eller remifentanil i samband med propofolinjektion kunde minska incidens och intensitet av smärta vid injektionen. En litteraturstudie baserad på tjugoåtta vetenskapliga artiklar genomfördes. Resultatet visar att lidokain i kombination med remifentanil ger bäst smärtlindring. Dock ses ingen skillnad i injektionssmärta då enbart lidokain eller remifentanil jämförs. Andra faktorer som påverkar injektionssmärtan är anläggande av stas, vilket förstärker den smärtlindrande effekten, men tiden som stasen är applicerad är inte avgörande. Perifer venkateter bör vara placerad i ett så stort kärl som möjligt. Genom användande av dessa kunskaper skulle smärtincidens och -intensitet kunna minskas med idag vanligt förekommande läkemedel inom svensk anestesisjukvård. Därmed kan patienters lidande också lindras.

<p>Propofol är ett intravenöst, hypnotiskt och kortverkande läkemedel. En vanlig biverkan (>1:10) och därmed en nackdel med propofol är lokal smärta, som kan uppstå vid den initiala injektionen. Varför smärta uppstår är inte helt klarlagt. Flertalet olika farmakologiska behandlingar, olika doser och kombinationer, alternativa administrationsmetoder och fysiska interventioner har provats för att minska smärtan vid propofolinjektionen. En viktig uppgift för sjuksköterskan är att lindra smärta för patienter. Det är betydelsefullt för alla patienter att inte uppleva smärta och obehag orsakat av vårdrelaterade procedurer. Syftet med studien var att undersöka om administrering av lidokain och/eller remifentanil i samband med propofolinjektion kunde minska incidens och intensitet av smärta vid injektionen. En litteraturstudie baserad på tjugoåtta vetenskapliga artiklar genomfördes. Resultatet visar att lidokain i </p><p>kombination med remifentanil ger bäst smärtlindring. Dock ses ingen skillnad i injektionssmärta då enbart lidokain eller remifentanil jämförs. Andra faktorer som påverkar injektionssmärtan är anläggande av stas, vilket förstärker den smärtlindrande effekten, men tiden som stasen är applicerad är inte avgörande. Perifer venkateter bör vara placerad i ett så stort kärl som möjligt. Genom användande av dessa kunskaper skulle smärtincidens och -intensitet kunna minskas med idag vanligt förekommande läkemedel inom svensk anestesisjukvård. Därmed kan patienters lidande också lindras.</p>

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-12-14Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:45:54Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 monteiro_er_dr_botfm.pdf: 797553 bytes, checksum: 2573adacef9a78a933d99b600257058f (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O efeito do remifentanil sobre a concentração alveolar mínima do isoflurano (CAMISO) foi estudado em seis cães com peso médio de 27,7±4,3 kg. Os animais foram anestesiados com isoflurano sob ventilação mecânica, mantendo-se normocapnia (PaCO2 média: 38,5 mm Hg) e normotermia (temperatura corpórea média: 38,1oC). A CAMISO, determinada por meio da estimulação nociceptiva (50V/50Hz/10ms) do membro torácico, foi mensurada antes (basal), durante a infusão contínua de diferentes doses de remifentanil (0,15; 0,30; 0,60 e 0,90 μg/kg/min) e aproximadamente 80 minutos após o término da infusão do opióide. Após um intervalo de 7 dias, a CAMISO foi determinada às 2, 4 e 6 horas após o início da infusão de 0,15 μg/kg/min de remifentanil. As variáveis foram analisadas por meio de ANOVA seguida pelo teste de Tukey ou Dunnett (P<0,05). A CAMISO redeterminada ao término da infusão (1,22±0,20%) não diferiu da CAMISO basal (1,38±0,20%). Os valores da CAMISO foram significativamente mais baixos nas três maiores taxas de infusão em relação à menor (0,15 μg/kg/min). Observou-se redução significativa da CAMISO com todas as taxas de infusão de remifentanil (reduções percentuais em relação ao valor basal de 43±10%, 59±10%, 66±9% e 71±9% para as taxas de 0,15; 0,30; 0,60 e 0,90 μg/kg/min, respectivamente). Embora o valor da CAMISO não tenha diferido entre as taxas de infusão de 0,30; 0,60 e 0,90 μg/kg/min, a percentagem de redução na CAMISO foi maior com a dose de 0,90 em relação à dose de 0,30 μg/kg/min. A CAMISO não se modificou ao longo do tempo com a taxa de 0,15 μg/kg/min. Em uma segunda etapa de experimentos, os efeitos hemodinâmicos da anestesia com remifentanil e isoflurano foram estudados nos mesmos cães. Adicionalmente, amostras de sangue foram colhidas para mensurar a concentração plasmática de arginina vasopressina... / The isoflurane-sparing effect of remifentanil on the minimum alveolar concentration (MACISO) was evaluated in six dogs weighing 27.7±4.3 kg. The dogs were anesthetized with isoflurane and mechanically ventilated to maintain eucapnia (mean PaCO2: 38.5 mm Hg). Mean core temperature was kept at 38.1oC. Noxious stimulation (50V/50Hz/10ms) was applied to the thoracic limb for determination of MACISO before (baseline), during different infusion rates of remifentanil (0.15, 0.30, 0.60 and 0.90 μg/kg/min) and approximately 80 minutes after stopping remifentanil infusion. After a 7-day washout period, MACISO was determined within 2, 4 and 6 hours of a constant rate infusion of remifentanil (0.15 μg/kg/min). Data were analyzed by ANOVA followed by a Tukey or Dunnett test whenever appropriate (P<0.05). After stopping remifentanil infusion, MACISO (1.22±0.20%) did not differ from baseline MACISO (1.38%±0.20). Mean values of MACISO were significantly lower during the infusion rates of 0.30, 0.60 and 0.90 μg/kg/min compared to the lowest infusion rate (0.15 μg/kg/min). All infusion rates of remifentanil decreased MACISO significantly (percentage reductions compared to baseline MACISO were 43±10%, 59±10%, 66±9% and 71±9% for the infusion rates of 0.15, 0.30, 0.60 and 0.90 μg/kg/min, respectively). Although MACISO did not differ among the three highest infusion rates of remifentanil, the percentage reduction in MACISO was significantly greater during 0.90 μg/kg/min compared to 0.30 μg/kg/min. The effect of remifentanil on MACISO was stable during a prolonged constant rate infusion (0.15 μg/kg/min). In a second set of experiments, the hemodynamic changes during remifentanil-isoflurane anesthesia were evaluated in the same six dogs. Additionally, blood samples were collected to determine plasma concentrations of arginine vasopressin. In a randomized cross-over design, the dogs received... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-26T12:51:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 antoniocarlosmeinberg_tese.pdf: 456684 bytes, checksum: 0b0ab8b4c25c0f98384ae69271b823bc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-01 / The objective of the present research was to study the comparative effects of dexmedetomidine and remifentanil on the renal function of morbidly obese patients submitted to bariatric surgery. Casuistic and Method: After approval by the local Ethics Council, in the period from August 2004 to August 2005, 61 patients were studied prospectively independent of race; ages ranged from 19 to 63 years (35.6 ± 9.9 years); 17 (27.8%) were males and 44 (72.2%) female. The individuals were divided randomly into two groups: remifentanil (group R = 0,1 µg.kg-1.min-1) and dexmedetomidine (group D = 1 ug.kg-1 during 10 min and after 0,5 ug.kg-1.h-1). Isoflurane was used to maintenance BIS around 50 in both groups. The study monitored hemodynamic and ventilatory parameters and anesthesia depth. Renal function was evaluated at moments in each of three phases: before anesthesia (M0), after anesthetic induction (M1) and after surgical incision (M2). Plasma concentrations were determined for glucose, antidiuretic hormone, creatinine, urea, sodium, potassium and osmolarity and urinary concentrations for creatinine, urea, sodium, potassium and osmolarity. Results: The plasma concentration values of sodium, creatinine, urea and antidiuretic hormone at MO, M1 and M2 did not present differences between groups R and D. Significant differences were found between groups for potassium at M1 (p < 0.05), osmolarity at M2 (p < 0.05) and glucose at M1 and M2 (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively). The urinary volume was significantly different between groups only at moment M2 (p < 0.001). Mean clearance values did not present significant difference between groups at M0. At the moment M1, the differences were significant between groups for potassium (p < 0.001), creatinine (p < 0.05) and urea (p < 0.01). At M2 there was a difference between groups only for potassium and urea (p < 0.05 in both). In group R there was a drop in mean clearance values from M0 to M1 for sodium, potassium, urea, creatinine and osmolarity; in group D the mean clearance values of sodium and osmolarity rose while values for potassium, creatinine and urea fell. There was a reduction in both groups for all variables between moments M1 and M2 and from M0 to M2. Conclusions: In both groups, the clearance values fell from moments M0 to M2. This result indicates that renal function of obese patients submitted to bariatric surgery presented a physiological response compatible with the effect of anesthetic-surgical stress. In group R, all clearances were reduced at M1, indicating a response compatible with anesthetic-surgical stress. In the dexmedetomidine group (D), creatinine and sodium clearances were elevated at M1. Urinary volume was greater at M2. These results are suggestive of better preservation of renal function. / Obesidade mórbida ocorre quando o IMC>40 kg/m2, acarretando significativa redução da expectativa de vida para os indivíduos que se apresentam nessa situaço e não alcançam tratamento. Dentre os anestésicos utilizados em cirurgias bariátricas, o remifentanil apresenta meia vida de eliminação de 9 a 10 minutos, enquanto a dexmedetomidina possui efeito analgésico, hipnótico e sedativo com a peculiaridade de não causar depressão respiratória, mesmo em doses elevadas. Objetivo: O objetivo desta pesquisa foi estudar comparativamente o efeito da dexmedetomidina e remifentanil sobre a função renal de obesos mórbidos submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica. Casuística e Método: No período de agosto/2004 a agosto/2005, foram estudados prospectivamente 61 pacientes portadores de obesidade mórbida submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica, com idade entre 19 e 63 anos (35,6 ± 9,9 anos), sendo 17 (27,8%) do sexo masculino e 44 (72,2%) do feminino, independentemente de raça. Os pacientes foram divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos: remifentanil (grupo R = 0,1 µg.kg-1.min-1) e dexmedetomidina (grupo D =1 µg.kg-1 durante 10 min e após 0,5 µg.kg-1.h-1). Em ambos os grupos associou isoflurano em concentração variável para manter o BIS em torno de 50. Foram monitorados parâmetros hemodinâmicos, ventilatórios e da profundidade da anestesia. A avaliação da função renal foi feita em três fases: antes da anestesia (M0), após indução anestésica (M1) e após incisão cirúrgica (M2). Foram determinadas a concentração plasmática de glicose, hormônio antidiurético, creatinina, uréia, sódio, potássio e osmolaridade, e a concentrações urinárias de creatinina, uréia, sódio, potássio e osmolaridade. Resultados: Os valores médios da concentração plasmática de sódio, creatinina, uréia e hormônio antidiurético em MO, M1 e M2 não apresentaram diferenças entre os grupos R e D. Foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os grupos para potássio em M1 (p<0,05), osmolaridade em M2 (p<0,05) e glicose em M1 e M2 (p<0,01 e p<0,001, respectivamente). O volume urinário foi significativamente diferente entre os grupos apenas no momento M2 (p<0,001). Os valores médios dos clearances não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos em M0. No momento M1, as diferenças foram significativas entre os grupos para potássio (p<0,001), creatinina (p<0,05) e uréia (p<0,01). Em M2 houve diferença entre os grupos apenas para potássio e uréia (p<0,05 em ambos). De M0 para M1 houve redução no grupo R em todas as variáveis, enquanto no grupo D os valores médios do clearance de sódio e osmolar aumentaram enquanto houve redução nos valores de potássio, creatinina e uréia. Dos momentos M1 para M2 e M0 para M2 houve redução em ambos os grupos para todas as variáveis. Conclusões: Em ambos os grupos, houve redução nos valores de clearances de M0 a M2, indicando que a função renal do paciente obeso submetido à  cirurgia bariátrica apresentou resposta fisiológica compatí­vel com o efeito do estresse anestésico-cirúrgico. No grupo R, houve redução em todos os clearances de M0 a M1, indicando resposta compatí­vel com o estresse anestésico-cirúrgico. No grupo D, o clearance de creatinina em M1, aumento dos clearances de sódio e osmolar de M0 para M1 e volume urinário em M2, sugerem melhor preservação da função renal nessa fase da cirurgia bariatrica.