The main objective of this master thesis is random equipartition concentration of measured gravimetric points in the area of interest pursuant by digital terrain model. Remove-Compute-Restore method was used for this purpose. In this thesis normal acceleration of gravity, topographic effect and Faye anomaly were subtracted from measured gravity. The result is Bouguer anomaly with general topographic effect which is interpolated for concentration points. We obtained predicated values of gravity after the restoration of subtracted effects. The main result of the thesis is the map of real gravity and precision evaluation of used method. Furthermore, the reductions of gravity, interpolation methods in programme ArcGIS, Remove-Compute-Restore method and the term of digital terrain model are explained in the thesis.

Esta dissertação tem como objetivo descrever e conceituar o habitual sistema de remoção dos resíduos de construção e demolição, ou RCD, através do preenchimento de recipientes metálicos avulsos posicionados nos espaços públicos urbanos fronteiros às obras - mais conhecido como sistema de caçambas estacionárias - particularmente quando praticado em comunidades de médio porte do interior, e das conseqüências ou influencias de sua adoção sobre a malha viária urbana local, mediante uma análise de sua efetivação em seis cidades médias situadas no centro-oeste do Estado de São Paulo, assim como aportar subsídios sobre esse assunto, preconizando o desenvolvimento de metodologia apropriada. / The objective of this work is to describe and to concept the commonly system used to remove away the C&DD (construction and demolition debris), by filling single mettalic open up boxes located in the nearest urban public spaces of the building site - that it\'s so-called stationary skips or dump-cart system - specially when used in medium size communities in the Brazil\'s hinterland, and the consequences or influencies of its adoption concerning the local urban street\'s net, based upon an analysis of its reality in six medium towns in the middle-west of São Paulo State, as well to increase knowledge about this matter, and precognize the development of one proper methodology.

Esta dissertação tem como objetivo descrever e conceituar o habitual sistema de remoção dos resíduos de construção e demolição, ou RCD, através do preenchimento de recipientes metálicos avulsos posicionados nos espaços públicos urbanos fronteiros às obras - mais conhecido como sistema de caçambas estacionárias - particularmente quando praticado em comunidades de médio porte do interior, e das conseqüências ou influencias de sua adoção sobre a malha viária urbana local, mediante uma análise de sua efetivação em seis cidades médias situadas no centro-oeste do Estado de São Paulo, assim como aportar subsídios sobre esse assunto, preconizando o desenvolvimento de metodologia apropriada. / The objective of this work is to describe and to concept the commonly system used to remove away the C&DD (construction and demolition debris), by filling single mettalic open up boxes located in the nearest urban public spaces of the building site - that it\'s so-called stationary skips or dump-cart system - specially when used in medium size communities in the Brazil\'s hinterland, and the consequences or influencies of its adoption concerning the local urban street\'s net, based upon an analysis of its reality in six medium towns in the middle-west of São Paulo State, as well to increase knowledge about this matter, and precognize the development of one proper methodology.

This research is to discuss the welfare stigma and social policy that influences the low-income family of Hope Project. Through the interview with the case individuals, this article is going to analyze the process of socialization within parents and teenagers to see if the poor status of those individuals influences their interactive action with other individuals or group in this social action. Moreover to discuss the client of Hope Project whether has experience of welfare stigma or not. What follows is the goal of this research: 1.What have been low-income client¡¦s experience of discrimination treatment as participating in Hope Project? 2. How do low-income clients perceive welfare stigma and what strategies do they use to manage? 3. How do low-income clients affect their strategies to respond to welfare stigma after participating in Hope Project? The findings from this research are that discrimination treatment results welfare stigma, and poor adult than teenagers are affected obviously by process of socializing degree, but under social control of school that leads teenagers to perceive welfare stigma. Experience of discrimination treatment and individual values produce welfare stigma, and that affects how they use manage to welfare stigma. The series of courses and community service could encourage latent capacity of clients also reduce welfare stigma to promote self-identification and self-confident. Furthermore the experience of community service in the remove poverty program makes teenagers feel that they have ability feed back society not only just welfare recipients but also reduce perception of welfare stigma.

This thesis examines potential associations between trait approach motivation and related measures, the everyday experience of affect and goal pursuit, and reward-related neural responses. The Behavioural Activation System (BAS) is a core motivational system, subserved by the neural reward circuitry, eliciting approach-type behaviour and positive emotion when activated by appetitive stimuli. Deficits in BAS sensitivity are thought to underlie the lack of motivation and positive affect (PA) that characterise anhedonia, whilst hyperactivation of the BAS has been linked to the increased goal-directed behaviour and positive affectivity associated with hypomania. In order to explore relationships between BAS sensitivity, goal pursuit, and reward processing, young participants, recruited from the student population (N = 65), and older participants, from the community (N = 63), underwent a 7-day period of experience sampling (ESM) to provide a naturalistic measure of momentary affect and goal-focused motivation. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI; in a subset of n = 28 and n = 31 respectively) was then used to investigate individual differences in sensitivity of brain reward-related systems to various social and non-social rewards. Limited support was found for the relationship between BAS traits and the more motivational aspects of goal pursuit and reward processing, whilst anhedonia seemed to pertain more to reward consumption, with few links to everyday goal pursuit. This would indicate that anhedonia might not be as closely related to BAS sensitivity as was initially anticipated. Finally, in order to examine real-world correlates of neural activation, the data from the naturalistic measure were correlated with reward-related activation. Everyday PA correlated with striatal activation when viewing pleasant images, but no other associations emerged. This would suggest that the basic measures of brain function in relation to the particular reward-related stimuli used might be of limited relevance to everyday affective experience and goal pursuit.

abstract: Urbanization and infrastructure development often brings dramatic changes in the surface and groundwater regimes. These changes in moisture content may be particularly problematic when subsurface soils are moisture sensitive such as expansive soils. Residential foundations such as slab-on ground may be built on unsaturated expansive soils and therefore have to resist the deformations associated with change in moisture content (matric suction) in the soil. The problem is more pronounced in arid and semi arid regions with drying periods followed by wet season resulting in large changes in soil suction. Moisture content change causes volume change in expansive soil which causes serious damage to the structures. In order to mitigate these ill effects various mitigation are adopted. The most commonly adopted method in the US is the removal and replacement of upper soils in the profile. The remove and replace method, although heavily used, is not well understood with regard to its impact on the depth of soil wetting or near-surface differential soil movements. In this study the effectiveness of the remove and replace method is studied. A parametric study is done with various removal and replacement materials used and analyzed to obtain the optimal replacement depths and best material. The depth of wetting and heave caused in expansive soil profile under climatic conditions and common irrigation scenarios are studied for arid regions. Soil suction changes and associated soil deformations are analyzed using finite element codes for unsaturated flow and stress/deformation, SVFlux and SVSolid, respectively. The effectiveness and fundamental mechanisms at play in mitigation of expansive soils for remove and replace methods are studied, and include (1) its role in reducing the depth and degree of wetting, and (2) its effect in reducing the overall heave potential, and (3) the effectiveness of this method in pushing the seat of movement deeper within the soil profile to reduce differential soil surface movements. Various non-expansive replacement layers and different surface flux boundary conditions are analyzed, and the concept of optimal depth and soil is introduced. General observations are made concerning the efficacy of remove and replace as a mitigation method. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Civil and Environmental Engineering 2013

Thesis (M.A. Education (Adult Education)) -- University of Limpopo, 2015 / This mini-dissertation describes the research carried out in the three Public Adult Learning Centres (PALCs) which are the cases of this study, namely: Kobeng, Dientjie and Kadishi. The aim of the study was to investigate problems which affect the management of these three PALC‟s. It was also the aim of the study to get insight into the educational background of practitioners who manage these three PALC‟s. In order to achieve the aims outlined above, I formulated the following main research questions:  What are the problems affecting the management of Kobeng, Dientjie and Kadishi Public Adult Learning Centres in the Sabie circuit? From this research question, the following sub-questions were asked:  What are the educational backgrounds of practitioners who manage these centres?  What policies are in place that govern Public Adult Learning Centre?  What are the strategies to implement the policies of these centres?  What kinds of problems are experienced during the implementation of these strategies?  What are the possibilities of addressing problems which affect the management of these three PALC‟s This study seeks answers to the above –mentioned research question. Hence it addresses problems that not only need considerable development and further inquiry for advancing the academic debate, but are also relevant for practitioners who are working in the PALC‟s and are facing these challenges. To try and answer the main question outlined above, I decided to undertake a multiple case study to investigate problems affecting the management of the three above-mentioned PALC‟s, which are the cases of the study. ii It was the objectives of this study to identify problems affecting the management of the three above-mentioned PALC‟s and to get insight into the existing qualifications of the centre managers and practitioners in these PALCs and also on how they were trained and being supported. These objectives could possibly help in recommending ways of improving the management of these PALC‟s. Chapter 2 outlines the theoretical framework of the study. Based on the readings of the relevant literature, preliminary discussions with centre managers, practitioners and adult learners in the PALC‟s, it appeared that there are management problems that make it difficult for the PALC‟s to be efficiently and effectively run and for quality teaching and learning to take place. Hence there has been a discussion about problems affecting the management of the above-mentioned three PALC‟s. Problems such as, shortage of resources, lack of infrastructure, lack of government support, unqualified and under-qualified educators and poor communication channels were discussed in detail in this chapter. This chapter concludes by definitions of concepts such as: Management and Public Adult Learning Centres. In chapter 3, I describe the design of the study. The main focus of the chapter was to discuss the tracks of data collection. The first track dealt with the reviewing of documents while the second track dealt with fieldwork in which interviews were conducted. An explanation and discussions of the instruments that were used to collect data from different role players in various phases of data collection is also given. I concluded the chapter by explaining how the data that has been collected from various phases was analysed using qualitative data analysis methods. Chapter 4 presents the empirical results of the study. It investigates and identifies problems which affect the management of the three centres which are the cases of this study. In this chapter I present an overview of Kobeng, Dientjie and Kadishi PALC‟s in the Sabie circuit in Mpumalanga Province. A description of the programmes offered and visions and missions of each of the three PALC‟s is given. This chapter further discusses issues around staffing and learners in each centre. I have also outlined in detail the views of the interviewees in relation to the problems affecting the management of these three PALC‟s as the basis of the study. The chapter concludes by discussing the findings of observations based on each PALC of the study. iii Chapter 5 is a cross-case analysis of the PALC‟s. The intention was to compare and contrast cases based on the problems affecting the management of Public Adult Learning Centres at Sabie circuit in Mpumalanga Province of the study, while trying to get ways of improving management of the centres. I have been careful in preserving each individual case‟s uniqueness with the need to understand generic practices at work across cases. The final chapter (six) presents the final conclusion and recommendations of this study. This chapter integrates the information from previous chapters in discussing problems affecting the management of PALC‟s in the Sabie circuit in Mpumalanga Province. It also provides suggestions which might contribute towards improving the way PALC‟s are managed in Sabie circuit. The chapter concludes by mentioning problems that need to be further researched, as the ABET field seems to be under-researched, particularly the area of problems affecting the management of Public Adult Learning Centres.

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo a determinação das melhores condições para a remoção da adstringência de caqui Giombo, com relação à temperatura, concentrações e tempos de exposição ao etanol, além de uso da atmosfera modificada em embalagens plásticas. As melhores combinações foram utilizadas para remoção de adstringência sucedida de armazenamento refrigerado com o objetivo de prolongar o período de oferta dos frutos e a manutenção da qualidade. Para isso, foram realizados 4 experimentos. No primeiro, foram avaliados doses e tempos de exposição ao etanol, sendo os frutos expostos a 1,75mL kg-1 por 12 ou 24hs; e 3,50mL kg-1 por 12 e 24hs antes de serem armazenados a 1ºC por 20 dias. No segundo experimento, foram avaliadas temperaturas de armazenamento, sendo elas 5ºC, 10ºC e 15ºC, para remoção da adstringência utilizando-se a melhor concentração e tempo de exposição ao etanol do experimento anterior (1,75mL kg-1 por 12hs). O terceiro experimento consistiu na utilização da atmosfera modificada na remoção da adstringência. Os frutos foram selados a vácuo em diferentes filmes plásticos: polietileno de baixa densidade (PEBD), polipropileno (PP) e polinylon (PN), todos com 20µm de espessura, e mantidos embalados por 3 e 5 dias a 22ºC. No quarto experimento, utilizou-se da melhor dose de etanol (1,75mL kg-1 por 12hs), melhor embalagem selada a vácuo (PN) e subsequente armazenamento refrigerado por 30, 60 e 90 dias a 5ºC. A aplicação de 1,75mL kg-1 por período de 12hs mostrou-se suficiente para remoção total da adstringência de caquis. As temperaturas de 5ºC, 10ºC e 15ºC não são recomendáveis para a aplicação de etanol com o objetivo de remover a adstringência dos caquis. O uso de PN é eficiente na remoção da adstringência de caqui Giombo, sendo que os frutos acondicionados neste filme podem ser armazenados até 90 dias a 5ºC. / This study aimed to determine the best conditions for astringency removal of \'Giombo\' persimmon with respect to temperature, concentration and exposure time to ethanol, and use of modified atmosphere in plastic films. The best combinations were used to remove the astringency of cold storage in order to extend the shelf life of fruit. For this purpose, 4 experiments were performed. In the first study were evaluated doses and times of exposure of fruit to ethanol. Fruit were exposed to 1.75mL kg -1 by 12 or 24hs, and 3.50mL kg -1 by 12 or 24hs. After, fruit were stored at 1ºC for 20 days. In the second experiment, cold storage temperatures (5ºC, 10ºC and 15°C) were evaluated for astringency removal using the optimal concentration and exposure time to ethanol in the previous experiment (1.75mL kg -1 for 12hs). The third experiment consisted in the use of modified atmosphere in the astringency removal. The fruit were vacuum sealed in plastic films: low density polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene (PP) and polinylon (PN), all with 20m thick, and maintained in these conditions for 3 and 5 days at 22°C. In the fourth experiment, the best dose of ethanol (1.75mL kg -1 for 12hs) and package (PN) were used and fruit were cold stored for 30, 60 and 90 days at 5°C. The application of 1.75mL kg -1 per 12hs period was sufficient to astringency removal of persimmons. The temperatures of 5ºC, 10ºC and 15ºC are not recommended for application of ethanol in order to astringency remove of persimmons. The use of PN is effective in removing astringency in \'Giombo\' persimmon, and the fruit packed in this film may be stored until 90 days at 5ºC.

The manufacturing process ‘long line method’ has shown many advantages when producing prestressed concrete sleepers, such as rapid production and low cost. However, there have been certain difficulties when cutting the 100 m long concrete blocks into sleepers. The sleepers tend to crack when the diamond cutting blade cuts through the last strands. Moreover, the shape and size of the cracks varies from one sleeper to another. Although these cracks may not affect the load carrying capacity, they will not be aesthetically pleasing. No earlier studies within the area have been found, i.e. diamond cutting of prestressed concrete blocks. As a result, there have been certain difficulties when approaching the problem. Finite element analysis has been proven to be a useful tool when analyzing stress variation. Throughout this project, the cutting simulation has been analyzed using the finite element analysis software ABAQUS. To summarize, stress variation has been examined during different cutting depths. The results from the FE model shows that no critical values were reached in the areas expected to have cracks. The true cause of the problem could not be specified. Therefore, further studies are needed yet this thesis could be a good foundation.

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