Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Title proper from title frame. Also available in printed format.

This research program investigated why self-initiated expatriates intend to repatriate and do repatriate from abroad, using samples of skilled South Australian workers. Due to a lack of theoretical explanations for self-initiated repatriation, this three-stage program sought to provide a theoretically-based view of how home-country attraction factors, host-country embeddedness factors, and dynamic factors explain intentions to repatriate and repatriation and how intentions predicted repatriation. Stage 1 analysed retrospective interview data from recently returned repatriates to South Australia (Study 1); Stage 2 analysed survey data and longitudinally gained data from expatriates chiefly living in Europe on whether they had repatriated or not to explain intentions to repatriate and repatriation behaviour itself (Studies 2 to 4); and Stage 3 analysed interview data from the initial recentlyreturned repatriates and longitudinal repeated measures six, 12, and 18 months after the interview on their feelings and mobility since home (Study 5).

Thesis (M. Sc.(Anthropology))-University of Pretoria, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references. Available on the Internet via the World Wide Web.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2008. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Faculty of Humanities School of Social Sciences 0318773x dzinesag@social.wits.ac.za / In the past three decades several African countries including Zimbabwe, Namibia and South Africa witnessed the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of troops, repatriation and resettlement of ex-combatants, refugees and/or internally displaced people (DDRRR) in a post-conflict setting. DDRRR processes affect and are affected by post-conflict peace building. However, current research on how DDRRR and peace building are intertwined and how DDRRR contributes to post-conflict peace building is still in its infancy. This thesis is a comparative study of how the nature of armed conflict, conflict terminating peace agreements and the conceptual, political, socio-economic and institutional frameworks under which DDRRR occurred influenced and impacted on the process in Zimbabwe, Namibia and South Africa. The three countries experienced different but novel DDRRR processes. Britain and the Commonwealth played a pivotal role in Zimbabwe’s conflict termination and immediate post-liberation struggle DDRRR. In Namibia, DDRRR was implemented under a United Nations peacekeeping context. DDRRR was internally originated, locally owned and state-managed in South Africa from the early 1990s to the present. This was an accompaniment, and also a result, of a negotiated transition to democracy following no serious military engagement. Zimbabwe’s DDRRR was implemented during the Cold war era unlike in Namibia and South Africa. The study intersects these contextually different DDRRR case studies. It analyses the country-specific DDRRR programmes and strategies and evaluates their differential contribution to the broader peace building and reconstruction process. The thesis will then isolate applicable and practical determinants for successful post-conflict DDRRR for posterity based on a comparative examination of the three distinct cases.

Every day, thousands of unauthorized migrants are repatriated from the United States to Mexican cities along the U.S.-Mexico border. Suspended at the border, unauthorized migrants must make a quick decision: attempt another clandestine border crossing, return to their hometown in Mexico, or choose some other alternative such as stay in the city where they have been repatriated. In this research, I seek to better understand the decision-making process behind these intentions to further migrate following repatriation. I ask several interrelated questions: What are the factors that lead some repatriated migrants to state that they will attempt another crossing of the U.S.-Mexico border? Others to state that they will return to their hometowns in Mexico? And still others to state that they do not know what they will do? As gender is a constitutive aspect of migration and social reality more generally, I also pay special attention to how gender and family constraints help shape the decision-making process behind further migration intentions. For one year, I conducted 70 in-depth semi-structured qualitative interviews with repatriated migrants at a migrant shelter in Nogales, Sonora (Mexico), interviewing roughly equal shares of women and men (37 women, 33 men). When I was not interviewing, I also engaged in direct and participant observation at the shelter that I documented as field notes. I asked respondents to share their experiences with me from their clandestine crossing of the Arizona-Sonora border, to their apprehension experience with the Border Patrol or other U.S. authorities, and finally to their experiences following repatriation to Nogales, Sonora. Through this research, I found that both gender and the family played central roles in migration- and repatriation-related activities in different and complex ways. Gender intrinsically shaped respondents' experiences in their journey in the semi-arid Arizona-Sonora desert, their interactions with Border Patrol agents and other U.S. authorities, and the decision-making process following repatriation. Further, family constraints, such as dependent children in the U.S., critically affected further migration intentions in gendered ways. As part of my work, I provide several policy recommendations regarding the repatriation of unauthorized migrants to border cities such as Nogales, Sonora.

abstract: From inception, the earliest museums in Europe were a haven for artifacts, many of which represented world cultures within its walls. The tradition of encyclopedic collecting characterized European museums and U.S. institutions modeled themselves after this example. In the 20th century, defining cultural property, in the form of excavated objects, became a priority for many nations and resulted in the scrutiny of ancient artifacts, in particular. This led to the establishment of international protocols which sought to protect items during times of both peace and war. Despite international legislation, the trade of illicit antiquities continued. A major advocate for repatriation, the nation of Italy aggressively sought return of many objects from antiquity and recently approached the Metropolitan Museum of Art regarding several items whose provenance was suspect. Ultimately the conflict was resolved through The Metropolitan Museum of Art-Republic of Italy Agreement of February 21, 2006, which transferred the title of six antiquities to Italy in return for long term loans of equivalent objects to the museum. The landmark agreement represents a mutually profitable resolution to a situation potentially plaguing thousands of institutions worldwide. The implications of replication of the agreement can potentially change how museums, nations and the public understand concepts of ownership and may reduce the role of permanent collections in favor of sharing, rather than possessing, world heritage. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.A. Art History 2011

Towers Watson Media stated that multinational organizations will grow by 45% in 2014 increasing expatriate assignments; however, global organizations lose billions of dollars yearly financing expatriate assignments due to unsuccessful retention efforts during the repatriation process. Fifty percent of expatriates consider leaving the organization within the first year of returning to their home country. The aim of this single descriptive case study was to explore the retention strategies organizational leaders need to retain expatriates employees during repatriation. Two managers from the compensation benefits department of a multinational organization in Tennessee participated in the study. Career self-management theory framed the study. Data collection consisted of semistructured interviews and a focus group interview, and member checking supported the validity and creditability of the findings. The 3 themes that emerged as key to strategies for expatriate employee retention were having career development opportunities, having a point leader, and implementing a program policy. The findings of this study may affect social change by encouraging expatriates to remain employed with the organization where they are valued, continue to develop career paths, and encourage other employees to accept foreign assignments for development. The data from this study may contribute to the prosperity of expatriates, their families, communities, and the local economy.

<p>Sending employees on global assignments are becoming a means for companies to gain new knowledge and consequently increase their competitive advantage. This has created a new focus on the repatriation of employees. Repatriation is although still a disregarded aspect in research and many returning repatriates experience difficulties to readjust and feel dissatisfied with the repatriation process. More analytical information is thus needed for managers to inform about what actions to take to generate more advantageous results for both the company and the repatriate. The aim of the thesis is therefore to further examine how a business can manage repatriates to transfer knowledge more effective. The study expires in a conceptual framework concerning management of repatriates for effective knowledge transfer. A case study of a company within the consulting industry was conducted and the methodology used for answering the aim was the implementation of a survey. The purpose was to generate as qualitative answers as possible and as a result a questionnaire with a majority of open-ended questions was outlined. The questions were grounded in the framework and the analysis of the empirical findings showed dispersed answers and signs of dissatisfaction among the repatriates. Conclusions drawn from the analysis are that the management of repatriates needs to be further implemented within the company. For example an articulated process consisting of the three different steps: before, during and after the assignment should be elaborated for the company to become more competitive through knowledge transfer.</p>

In this dissertation I analyze the social history of an anthropological collection at the Smithsonian Institution. Combining archival and historical research with interviews, I trace the Army Medical Museum (AMM) collection from its origin in the mid-nineteenth century to the present. The Smithsonian's AMM collection is the product of mid- to late-nineteenth century government science. Assembled in the midst of westward expansion and colonization, this collection is the result of numerous government-sanctioned collecting efforts. Accordingly, the objects and human remains that comprise this collection were taken from scores of Native American tribes from all parts of the United States. Amassed during some of the darkest moments in the history of the United States - marked by warfare, death and the displacement of countless Native Americans - the AMM collection represents the Smithsonian's earliest collecting efforts. The social history of this collection spans from the earliest days of the SI to the present, marked by concerns regarding cultural property rights. And what the present moment demonstrates is the continued relevance of this colonial past, especially in the context of repatriation. I analyze critical contemporary issues of repatriation in terms of the historical legacy of collecting in the U.S. and demonstrate the role that collections play in negotiating identities. For that purpose, I begin with the supposition that objects shape as well as materialize identity, and that disciplines define themselves by virtue of what they collect. I examine recent shifts in what is deemed ethically appropriate for collection and how this affects the various ways museum anthropologists define the discipline. Ultimately, this dissertation advances a critical historical analysis of the AMM collection, providing a more dynamic understanding of the role that repatriation plays in redefining the roles of anthropologists within museums.