Thesis (Ph. D.)--Harvard University, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 156-160).

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2004. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 134-140). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2004. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 134-140). Also available on the Internet.

Published Article / I n the context of government policy and international comparisons, the state of national nanoscience R&D is explored using bibliometric data as well as data sourced from the National Survey of Research and Experimental Development Inputs. This includes information about expenditure, ownership, collaboration and research fields. While the business sector performs the greatest proportion of nanotechnology R&D in South Africa, the higher education sector plays a critical role, and the science councils are common collaboration partners. In this context the development of catalysts and carbon nanotubes emerge as a key nanotechnology in South Africa.

No description available.

Thesis (doctoral)--University of Oulu, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 216-226). Also available on the World Wide Web.

Scientific and technological (S&T) advances underpin opportunities for innovation in the pharmaceutical industry. Government-funded research institutions and firms perform biomedical research to generate S&T advances and enable pharmaceutical innovation. Previous research found that the number of new drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has stagnated. The observed stagnation has been interpreted as a decline in the return on research investments. The apparent decline in productivity may be due to the increasing technological difficulty of using S&T advances to develop new drugs and the organizational complexity of incorporating S&T advances generated by government-funded research institutions and firms to develop a new drug. I apply theories of organizational learning to examine how the use of S&T advances to develop new drugs affects the productivity of drug development activities, measured as the time taken to complete early stage pre-clinical research and late stage clinical development activities. I have constructed a novel data set that maps the production and utilization of S&T advances in three phases of market-oriented drug development. By measuring productivity at the project level, I am able to model productivity as the time taken to complete a R&D project as a function of three factors: (1) the technological characteristics of the drug; (2) the use of components generated by other entities; and (3) the research capabilities of the innovating firm. These models enable me to identify technological and organizational factors that affect the efficiency with which S&T advances are transformed into new drugs. Analyses indicate that different technological and organizational factors affect the productivity of pre-clinical research and clinical development. While the time taken to complete a pre-clinical research project is largely determined by the complexity and innovativeness of the drug, the time taken to complete clinical development is a function of the firm's R&D previous experience. The time taken to complete the entire drug development project is determined by the complexity of pre-clinical research and the firm's R&D capabilities. The results are discussed in detail along with policy implications. / text

No description available.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Metropolitan University, Leeds. / Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Metropolitan University, Leeds. / Includes bibliographical references.