La recherche que nous avons menée s'inscrit dans les projets de l'équipe de recherche Maths à Modeler. En particulier dans celui portant sur les situations de recherche en classe (Grenier et Payan, 2002 ; Ouvrier-Buffet, 2003 ; Godot, 2005 ; Cartier, 2008). Cette étude est centrée sur la démarche de recherche en mathématiques et plus particulièrement sur le rôle de l'expérimental. Un des postulats fondateur de notre recherche est que savoir faire des mathématiques, c'est savoir résoudre partiellement des problèmes de recherche, la résolution de tels problèmes nécessitant de passer par des phases expérimentales. Notre problématique porte donc sur la transmission aux élèves du savoir-faire « démarche expérimentale en mathématiques » et sur le rôle que celui-ci joue dans la résolution de problèmes de recherche. Considérant que ce savoir-faire ne peut s'apprendre qu'à travers sa pratique en situation de résolution de problèmes, l'objectif de notre recherche a été la détermination de conditions épistémologiques et didactiques favorisant la mise en pratique de la « démarche expérimentale ». En plus de la construction d'un modèle de situation pour la « démarche expérimentale », nous avons construit, analysé et expérimenté des situations se référant à ce modèle. Pour mener à bien notre étude, nous avons utilisé le modèle de situation de recherche pour la classe (Grenier et Payan, 2002 ; Godot, 2005), ainsi que des éléments de la théorie des situtions didactiques de Brousseau (1998), en particulier validation a-didactique, contrat didactique et milieu. Nous avons aussi défini un modèle de « démarche expérimentale en mathématiques » qui a servi de référant à notre recherche. Après avoir observé que la « démarche expérimentale en mathématiques », telle que nous l'entendons, n'est pas proposée par l'institution scolaire, les expérimentations et les analyses, que nous avons menées, ont montré que, dans une certaine mesure, il est possible de la faire pratiquer à des élèves. De plus, cette pratique a permis aux élèves de progresser dans la résolution grâce à un enrichissement des conceptions qu'ils portaient sur le problème à résoudre. Ces expérimentations nous ont aussi permis d'affiner les situations que nous avons construites. / This research fits into the projects of the Maths à Modeler research team, especially in the one about Research Situation for the Classroom (Grenier and Payan, 2002 ; Ouvrier-Buffet, 2003 ; Godot, 2005 ; Cartier, 2008). One of our founding postulate is that knowing how to do mathematics is knowing how to solve partially reserch problems, the solving of such problems requiring experimental phases. Our problematic is about the teaching of the knowledge "experimental approach in mathematics" and the role that this knowledge plays in solving research problems. As we consider that this knowledge can only be learned by its practise, the aim of our research is the identification of epistemological and didactical conditions favouring the practise of the experimental approach in mathematics. Along with the building of a model of "situations" for the experimental approach, we built, analysed and experimented situations which refer to the model. We used the model of Research Situation for the Classroom (Grenier and Payan, 2002 ; Godot, 2005) and elements of the theory of didactical situation (Brousseau, 1998), especially a-didactical validation, didactical contract and "milieu". We have also defined a model of "experimental approach in mathematics" which was used as a "guide" of our research. After observing that "the experimental approach in mathematics", as we defined it, is not proposed by schools, experimentations and analyses showed that, in a certain way, students can do experimental approach in mathematics. Moreover, this practise let students progress in finding solutions thanks to the improvement of their conceptions about the problem. These experimentations also let us refined the situations that we have built.

In this workshop, we present a model of problem that we call Research Situation for the Classroom (RSC). The aim of a RSC is to put students in a role close to a mathematical researcher in order to make them work on mathematical thinking/skills. A RSC has some characteristics : the problem is close to a research one, the statement is an easy understandable question, school knowledge are elementary, there is no end, a solved question postponed to new questions... The most important characteristic of a RSC is that students can manage their research by fixing themselves some variable of the problem. So, a RSC is completely different from a problem that students usually do in France. For short : there is no final answer, students can try to resolve their own questions : a RSC is a large open field where many sub-problems exist; the goal for the students is not to apply a technique: the goal is, as for a researcher, to search. These type of situations are particularly interesting to develop problem solving skills and mathematical thinking. They can also let students discover that mathematics are “alive” and “realistic”. This workshop will be split into two parts. First, we propose to put people in the situation of solving a RSC to make them discover practically what is it. After, we present the model of a RSC and some results of our experimentations.

The purpose of this diploma thesis is to analyze the process of purchasing decisions of tourist{\crq}s visiting the region of Český Krumlov and based on their preferences, to suggest suitable measures for the retail unit Renata, which I´ve done a research about in the second part of this thesis. Collection of primary data is done by using a questionnaire survey, which is divided into two parts. The first part of the research analyzes the purchasing behavior of a sample of tourist{\crq}s visiting Český Krumlov. The second part of the research analyzes the purchasing behavior of a sample of customers of the retail unit Renata in the Český Krumlov.

In this workshop, we present a model of problem that we call Research Situation for the Classroom (RSC). The aim of a RSC is to put students in a role close to a mathematical researcher in order to make them work on mathematical thinking/skills. A RSC has some characteristics : the problem is close to a research one, the statement is an easy understandable question, school knowledge are elementary, there is no end, a solved question postponed to new questions... The most important characteristic of a RSC is that students can manage their research by fixing themselves some variable of the problem. So, a RSC is completely different from a problem that students usually do in France. For short : there is no final answer, students can try to resolve their own questions : a RSC is a large open field where many sub-problems exist; the goal for the students is not to apply a technique: the goal is, as for a researcher, to search. These type of situations are particularly interesting to develop problem solving skills and mathematical thinking. They can also let students discover that mathematics are “alive” and “realistic”. This workshop will be split into two parts. First, we propose to put people in the situation of solving a RSC to make them discover practically what is it. After, we present the model of a RSC and some results of our experimentations.