隨著政府職能的改變，面對財政壓力，引進民間企業的活力和專業創新的能力，委外經營模式成為政府推動各項為民服務業務的主要策略，而以「公設民營」的方式，結合民間資源共同推動老人福利服務工作。 「高齡化」是當今世界各國共同現象與趨勢，近年台灣人口老化迅速，在工商社會變遷與晚婚少子化下更形突顯。為因應「老人照顧」多元化的發展，以何種「老人安居住宅」的型態，達成融入「社區」、「在地老化」的政策目標，引發了研究者之研究動機。 本研究係採質化研究，以文獻分析，問卷調查深入訪談法等方式進行探討，由高齡社會學、公共選擇理論、社會資源整合等理論為分析導引，探討老人安居住宅需求重要性、老人照顧需求層面內涵、公設民營發展、政府及國內學者專家對老人住宅政策規劃方向，最後再結合個案入住老人、社區住民、公民營專家深入訪談，歸納並提供適合社區老人安居住宅之公設民營建議與結論。 本研究發現「毗鄰居住」的社區老人安居住宅，適合台灣傳統家庭的維繫；而公設民營模式可適合老人社會普遍性需求，以全政府照顧弱勢的社會責任。最後，本研究研擬幾項建議如下： 一、 硬體設施：政府擇定設置示範老人安居住宅，委由民間專業團隊經營，建立有效的監督機制與評鑑規範、以公設民營模式建構老人連續照顧體制的初級系統。 二、 醫療支援：政府應整合社會醫療資源，規劃多元醫療體制；及早實施長期照護保險政策；提供老人連續性服務之多功能窗口。 三、 在地老化：政府應推廣社區老人安居住宅概念，落實社區照顧，儘量讓老人在自己熟悉環境中在地老化。 四、 居住安養：運用居住空間「通用設計」概念，建構設置社區公設民營老人安居住宅，以使有限資源運用效益最大化。 五、 資源整合：政府應整合社會福利、現行老人補貼等相關政策資源，以發揮整體效益。 / To cope with the change of the functions and financial pressure, the government conveys the works to private sectors to make good use of their innovative and professional ability, or adopts outsourcing model to promote the social services. Therefore, the strategy of “government owned and private sector operated,” combined with non-governmental resources are provided jointly to promote the welfare of the elderly services. "Aging" is a common phenomenon and trends in today's world. In recent years, as Taiwan's population is aging rapidly, the birthrate is declining and late marriage is prevailing highlighted the need for reform. In response to development of "elderly care", my main question is to investigate what kind of "residential homes for the elderly" to attain the policy objectives of integrating with the "community", "aging in place". This study reviews the literature concerning the sociology of aging, public choice theory, theory of social resources and adopts qualitative research method, such as questionnaire and in-depth interviews to examine the importance of housing demand for the elderly care needs, development of public-private partnership, government policy planning directions for the elderly housing. Finally we work through the case study with the data collected from the elderly, community residents, public and private experts, and draw conclusions for providing the elderly suitable community-dwelling homes and the strategy of “government owned and private sector operated.” This study finds that adjacent to the community residential homes for the elderly, is suitable for maintaining the traditional family ties; and the government owned and private sector operated mode is suitable for the elderly needs. By doing so, the government can fulfill the social responsibility to take care of the disadvantaged. We make some suggestions for further efforts: 1. Hardware facilities provided The government selects the model residential homes for the elderly, and run by non-governmental professional team, and sets up effective monitoring mechanisms and evaluation standards in order to help civil organizations to run the elderly care system continuously. 2. Medical care support The government should integrate social and medical resources, planning pluralistic health care system; early implementation of long-term care insurance policies to provide multi-functional window for services of the elderly. 3. Aging in place The government should promote the concept of community-dwelling for the elderly, the implementation of community-based care as much as possible so the elderly can be aging in familiar environment. 4. Nursing homes provided in the neighborhood To use concept of "universal design" for living space, and build the “government owned and private sector operated” housing in nearby community in order to maximize the benefits of using limited resources. 5. Resource Integration The government should integrate social welfare resources, the current subsidies for the elderly and other related policy resources in order to increase the overall efficiency.