AbstractHuman-carnivore conflict is currently one of the main constraints to biodiversity conservation efforts outside many protected areas worldwide. A survey of livestock depredation caused by wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) and other wild carnivore species in the Maasai and Sonjo areas outside Serengeti National Park, Tanzania over two periods between 2007/09 and 2010 using different methodologies indicated a high level of conflict. The conflict related to African wild dogs proved the most significant conflict during both periods compared with that related to other carnivores. Wild dogs were found to cause more attacks in the Maasai area (n = 229, n = 18) than in the Sonjo area (n = 111, n = 9) over both observation periods. However, the difference in attack rates was attributed to a difference in the size of the livestock populations, as there were approximately 318,209 animals belonging to the Maasai tribe, while the Sonjo tribe had only 78,191 livestock. Therefore, wild dogs were found to exert a statistically significantly higher depredation rate (1.42 animals per 1000 per year) related to the Sonjo tribe compared with the Maasai tribe (0.72 animals per 1000 per year), as estimated only during the first period.African wild dogs were found to be the most common predator in both areas for both periods. However, in the second period, leopards (Panthera pardus) and spotted hyaenas (Crocuta crocuta) were also found to be quite common predators in both areas. Shoats (sheep & goats) were depredated more frequently than cattle/donkeys by wild dogs and other carnivores in the area. Livestock depredation was found to occur most frequently during evening. While shoats were found to be most frequently attacked during the wet season, cattle/donkeys were most frequently attacked during the dry season. The results of this study recommend that traditional livestock husbandry techniques should be improved, as should the use of non-lethal control measures. Prevention and control measures for diseases that can affect both livestock and wildlife should be instituted in the area to enhance the survival rate of young animals. If possible, herders should bring their livestock back to boma before 16:00 hrs in the evening. Shoats should be more attentively looked after during the wet season. Furthermore, eco-tourism activities should be encouraged in the area. To achieve these aims, the reinforcement of wild dogs’ conservation awareness programmes in the area is a possible way forward.

Serengeti ecosystem supports great number of large mammals ranging from grazers, browsers and carnivores. Some of these animals migrate between seasonal water sources and grasslands. The human population in the western boundary of the park is currently high and increases at the rate of 4% per annum. Majority of local communities are subsistence farmers who derive their needs such as bush meat from the park. The purpose of the study was to test if bush meat utilization contributes to nutritional improvement of local communities around Serengeti National Park. Three villages were selected at random along a gradient of distance from Serengeti National Park and Lake Victoria and a control village from Dodoma Region in Tanzania. One hundred households were selected at random from each village and interviewed. Weight and height of children aged 3 to 12 years from the selected households were measured. Anthropometric data were analyzed by WHO AntrhoPlus software while questionnaires were analyzed by SPSS for windows version 18. The results revealed significant differences in the number of undernourished children from the villages which were in western Serengeti compared to the control village. Consumption of bushmeat was significantly higher in the villages which were close to the park compared to the village which was further away from the park. Fish consumption was higher than bushmeat in the village which was close to both park and Lake Victoria and negatively correlated with bushmeat meals, while consumption of livestock meat was higher in the control village. No significant relationship between nutritional status of children and number of bushmeat meals observed, but there was a negative relationship between nutritional status and distance from the park/lake and the price of bushmeat. The study also revealed significant relationship between level of education of the parent and the body mass index of the children.

An experiment was performed in four artificial stream channels during summer and autumn to investigate the effects of biotic and abiotic factors on habitat choice of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). To investigate factors determining habitat choice, the stream channels had sloped river beds creating two distinct habitats (shallow and deep). The main factor, large Atlantic salmon present (large present), was the most important factor affecting juvenile habitat choice during summer time experiments. During autumn experiments, the two main factors large Atlantic salmon present and time of day (exclusive for autumn experiments), were important factors affecting habitat choice. The highly significant effect on juvenile habitat choice of having a large Atlantic salmon present identifies inter-cohort competition and/or risk of predation as important factors affecting habitat choice in juveniles. This, in turn, could have direct or indirect effects on juvenile survival and growth. The differences between proportions of fish in the deep between night and day highlights a diel change in habitat use by juveniles.

This project aims to create new research tools within the human dimensions (HD) of the natural resources field to improve environmental policy decision making. It addresses problems that arise from the recent trend towards decentralized natural resource management (NRM) and planning (e.g., community-based planning, watershed-based and collaborative management, others). By examining one decentralized riparian management planning effort along the Yellowstone River (Montana), this study finds that decentralization forces new needs such as localized information requirements and a better understanding of the rationales behind local interests. To meet these new scale demands and to ensure that policy best fits the social and biophysical settings, this project argues that local cultural knowledge can serve as an organizing framework for delivering the kinds of understanding needed for decentralized planning. This was tested by interviewing 313 riverfront landowners, recreationalists, and civic managers to understand how residents conceptualize the river’s natural processes, its management, and their desires for the future of the river. Analysis of the transcribed in-depth interview texts—the Yellowstone River Cultural Inventory (YRCI)—found that: (1) altering decision venues places more significance upon interpersonal working relationships between managers and citizens; (2) while local expertise can provide higher quality information to managers, local decision making cultures still retain power dynamics that can inhibit or advance conservation policies; (3) how natural resource places are symbolically communicated has a material impact upon resource uses; (4) how residents conceptualize the ownership of land is complicated along a dynamic river; and (5) this dynamism impacts planning efforts. In sum, this project argues that for social research to provide the data and analysis appropriate, a modification in scale and a commensurate shift in the lenses used for social inquiry is necessary. An in-depth understanding of local cultures—like the YRCI—enables agencies to best manage in decentralized scales of planning by calling attention to site-specific nuances such as power dynamics and place representation which are often missed in traditional large-scale HD methods and lenses. This research also functions as a preemptive way to engage the public in environmental planning helping decision makers’ best fit policy to particular socio-cultural and ecological settings.

Foreign business bank for pursue growth their and survive, adopt outside grow up strategy - make transnational merger agitation sweep across the whole world from American-European countries; Local banks and financial institution are amalgamated successively since 2007 in Taiwan, make this research M&A the discussion of the strategy of human resources management about the transnational financial group, plan to probe into together to the component of relevant human resources strategy while M&A. M&A in different stages of the local bank through foreign business bank, the role and adopting the human resources strategy that human resource department acts, make a analysis and make a self-criticism, M&A abroad as financial circles of our country or financial circles of our country of merger and acquisition of other foreign business banks, the human resources strategy of getting on the transnational merger and acquisition of financial services industry are correlated with the normal reference that adjust, in order to offer my humble opinion of several improvement for transnational merger of the financial services industry. Sincere as described above, originally research and propose the main research purpose: 1. Foreign business bank consider what it will be factor while being managerial while being other to human resources management in transnational merger and acquisition¡F2.Before M&A, the human resources management strategy which both sides adopt in management¡F3.While M&A the human resources management strategy which both sides adopt in management¡F4.After M&A, the human resources management strategy which both sides adopt in management. In this research, go on by way of interview of case mainly, it is two foreign business banks altogether and accept interview, hope in can have more scholars go on to study field this while being in the future too. This result of study points out, should be participated in M&A trade activity in the whole journey soon in the previous administrative department of human resources of merger and acquisition, act strategy plan role, because human resources management strategy can reduce merger and acquisition problem of course take place effectively; Cooperate with the capital of human in advance to check information at the time of merger and acquisition, can find that hide the factor that destroys merger and acquisition and succeeds ahead of time, sketch the contours of company's development plan and wish the scene in the future, in order to consider the policy which organizes adjustment completely, can increase key personnel's commitment; Cooperate with the implementation of the score card of the equilibrium to grasp the execution effect planned in merger and acquisition and feedback chasing after merger and acquisition? Revitalize management strategy and direction of new organization, enable all efforts in human resource department to connect to the milestone, guarantee the procedure can focus on and accomplishes the task of M&A in right time continuously. So this research proposes, support human resource department to give play to the strategy partner role in initial stage for merger and acquisition, participate in M&A the course in the whole journey, can give play to the productivity of organizing effectively, reach and M&A the comprehensive result.

In recent years the entire environment, the government policy's change, caused the human resources management domain to start to receive takes seriously, was not exceptional in Taiwan's medical industry, for these years they realized the human resources management slowly important, and started some transformations, therefore we might see some successes transformed human resources department, but also had many not clear own role localization. Because past medical service industry this aspect studied the subject not to be many related, therefore this time adopted the nature interview way, hoped that might take advantage of this obtains the multiplex information, and helped Taiwan medicine human resources department to be clearer locates their role, might become the strong character which finally the hospital could not lack. But this will study us to discuss 13 hospitals from the past the reason which, the change bottleneck and they will change to the future human resources roll play tendency. The findings discovered that in the past the hospital human resources department nearly simultaneously was playing ¡§the performer role¡¨, was engaged in the work content by ¡§the personnel management¡¨ primarily, after five year about change, they simultaneously was acting at present three to seven kinds of polytropic role, they also will have in the future very high hoping to themselves, they hoped that made great strides forward toward the strategic human resources management, displayed the human resources positively truly, initiative, characteristics and so on innovation, reform, played ¡§the innovation role¡¨. At present urges the human resources department fast transformation the factor is ¡§the human resources manager, the leader/higher order is in charge of the idea, the government new policy system¡¨ the influence, but simultaneously ¡§the human resources manager or the personnel specialized insufficiency, the human resources understaffed¡¨ also limits them to transform, therefore present stage human resources personnel specialized ability's enhancement becomes with the information ability's promotion very important.

Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Texas at Arlington, 2009.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Texas at Arlington, 2009.

Thesis--PlanB (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S. in Computer Science)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2003. / Thesis advisor(s): Don Brutzman, Curtis L. Blais. Includes bibliographical references (p. 161-176). Also available online.