Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1970. / Typescript. Vita. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1967. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thèse (M.Sc.)--Université Laval, 2003. / Bibliogr.: f. 77-86. Publié aussi en version électronique.

Thèse (M.Sc.)--Université Laval, 2002. / Bibliogr.: f. 65-74. Publié aussi en version électronique.

Thesis (M.S.)--Western Washington University, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 34-38).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2007. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

No description available.

Carbon (C) as a driver of soil denitrification was investigated in a series of four laboratory incubation experiments employing stable nitrogen (N) and C isotope approaches. The research addressed the lack of knowledge on mechanisms through which the quantity and quality of organic‐C containing substrates interact with denitrification. The amount of organic matter added to soil was manipulated to relate C respiration with process rates of denitrification. Respiration derived from dissolved organic matter C was linearly related to denitrification but the direction of the relationship was variable in time. This may be most likely an effect of changing quality of the C available and possibly microbial community structure. Nitrous oxide (N2O) emission from denitrification at the later stages of residue decomposition was driven by nitrate (NO3‐) accumulation in the soil rather than C provided by the residue. Denitrification across a vertical shallow soil profile formed in a laboratory microcosm was investigated. A surface hotspot formed immediately as a response to residue‐C addition and increased rates of N2O production. N2O reduction occurred at depth. The hotspot at depth was related to an indirect effect of residue‐C, which was depletion of O2. Further, to address the complexity of low molecular weight C substrate available to denitrifiers in the soil solution, denitrification rates in response to glucose, citric acid and glutamic acid supplied individually versus in mixture were characterised. Carbon substrate quality regulated N2O production rates via interactions within the soil microbial community and with the soil solid phase. Overall, the experiments showed that C stimulates strong N2O emission peaks and increase cumulative N2O emissions from arable soil along a gradient of varying C substrate complexity and quantity. Interaction in space and time play an important role when C containing inputs affected other proximal drivers of denitrification such as NO3‐ and O2.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de NÃvel Superior / Estudos que abordem as caracterÃsticas definidoras (CD) podem contribuir para o aprimoramento do raciocÃnio diagnÃstico, influenciando diretamente na escolha de diagnÃsticos de enfermagem mais adequados com a situaÃÃo clÃnica do paciente. Assim, este estudo analisou como os diagnÃsticos de enfermagem PadrÃo respiratÃrio ineficaz (PRI), DesobstruÃÃo ineficaz das vias aÃreas (DIVA), Troca de gases prejudicada (TGP) e VentilaÃÃo espontÃnea prejudicada (VEP) apresentam-se no perÃodo pÃs-operatÃrio em crianÃas com cardiopatias congÃnitas, determinando as medidas de acurÃcia das caracterÃsticas definidoras. Foi desenvolvido um estudo de coorte prospectiva em um hospital infantil da rede pÃblica do municÃpio de Fortaleza-CE. A amostra foi composta por 54 crianÃas com idade entre 1 e 10 anos portadoras de cardiopatias congÃnitas em pÃs-operatÃrio de cirurgia cardÃaca. As crianÃas foram acompanhadas por um perÃodo mÃnimo de cinco dias e mÃximo de dez dias. Para a coleta de dados, foi utilizado um instrumento baseado nas CD dos diagnÃsticos de enfermagem estudados e na literatura pertinente acerca da avaliaÃÃo pulmonar. Os dados foram coletados por meio de exame fÃsico da crianÃa e entrevista com os responsÃveis. As informaÃÃes obtidas foram analisadas pela pesquisadora para determinar a presenÃa ou ausÃncia das CD de PRI, DIVA, TGP e VEP e estes dados foram organizados em planilhas. Posteriormente, as planilhas foram encaminhados para enfermeiros diagnosticadores que executaram o processo de inferÃncia diagnÃstica. Foram utilizados os softwares Excel e SPSS para organizaÃÃo e anÃlise estatÃstica dos dados. O nÃvel de significÃncia adotado foi de 5%. Das crianÃas avaliadas, 30 (55,5%) desenvolveram DIVA, 25 (46,3%) desenvolveram TGP e 21 (38,8%) apresentaram PRI durante o perÃodo de acompanhamento. Para a inferÃncia de DIVA, a CD mais acurada foi ruÃdos adventÃcios respiratÃrios e para PRI, a caracterÃstica que apresentou as maiores medidas de acurÃcia foi uso da musculatura acessÃria para respirar. JÃ para a inferÃncia de TGP, a caracterÃstica mais acurada foi hipoxemia. Para o diagnÃstico de enfermagem VEP, nÃo foi possÃvel estabelecer relaÃÃes estatisticamente significantes de acurÃcia das caracterÃsticas definidoras. Com base na anÃlise de correspondÃncias mÃltiplas, as CD que mais auxiliaram na diferenciaÃÃo entre os diagnÃsticos PRI, DIVA e TGP foram: mudanÃa na frequÃncia respiratÃria, quantidade excessiva de muco, ruÃdos adventÃcios respiratÃrios, tosse ausente e taquipneia para DIVA, dispneia, batimento de asa de nariz, mudanÃa no ritmo respiratÃrio e uso da musculatura acessÃria para respirar para PRI e diÃxido de carbono diminuÃdo, gases sanguÃneos arteriais anormais, pH arterial anormal e PO2 diminuÃda para TGP. Os resultados obtidos ajudaram a identificar as CD mais representativas de PRI, DIVA e TGP em crianÃas em evoluÃÃo pÃs-operatÃria cardÃaca. Estudos desta natureza sÃo importantes por fornecer informaÃÃes sobre a capacidade preditiva das caracterÃsticas definidoras bem como a evoluÃÃo temporal e as particularidades dos diagnÃsticos de enfermagem respiratÃrios. / Studies that address the defining characteristics (DC) can contribute to the improvement of diagnostic reasoning, directly influencing the choice of nursing diagnoses most suitable for clinical situation of the patient. This study examined how nursing diagnoses ineffective breathing pattern (IBP), ineffective airway clearance (IAC), impaired gas exchange (IGE) and impaired spontaneous ventilation (ISV) presented themselves during the post-operative period in children with congenital heart diseases and showed the measures of accuracy of the defining characteristics. It was developed an cohort study in a hospital in the public network in Fortaleza-CE. The sample was consisted of 54 children aged 5-17 years with congenital heart diseases in post-operative of cardiac surgery. The children were followed for a minimum period of five and maximum of ten days. To collect the data, it was used an instrument based on the characteristics of the diagnostics studied and some relevant literature about the lung evaluation. The data were collected through examination of the child and interview with their parents. The information obtained were analyzed by the researcher to determine the presence or absence of DC of nursing diagnoses IBP, IAC, IGE e ISV and data was organized into spreadsheets. After, the spreadsheets were sent to nurses diagnosticians that performed the diagnostic inference process. It was used Excel and PASW software for organizing and analyzing statistical data. The level of significance was 5%. Among children evaluated, 30 (55,5%) developed IAC, 25 (46,3%) developed IGE e 21 (38,8%) developed IBP during the monitoring period. In order to infer IAC, the DC most accurate was respiratory rales and to IBP the characteristic that presented the highest accuracy measurements was use of accessory muscles to breathe. As for the inference IGE, the characteristic most accurate was hypoxemia. For the nursing diagnosis ISV, was not possible to establish statistically significant accuracy of defining characteristics. Based on the analysis of multiple matches, the best characteristics that assist in differentiating between the diagnoses IBP, IAC e IGE were: change in respiratory rate, excessive amount of mucus, respiratory rales, cough absent and tachypnea to IAC; dyspnea, nasal flaring, change in respiratory rate and use of accessory muscles breathing to IBP e carbon dioxide decreased, abnormal arterial blood gases, abnormal arterial pH e PO2 decreased to IGE. The results helped identify the DC more representative of IBP, IAC e IGE in children with congenital heart diseases in post-operative period. Studies of this nature are important for providing information about the predictive ability of the defining characteristics and the temporal evolution and characteristics of the respiratory nursing diagnoses.

D.Sc. (Botany) / Senescence of Petunia hybrida petals is characterized by a typical climacteric respiration pattern. Pollination enhanced the rate of senescence and the start of the climacteric rise in respiration of the, corolla. Treatment with ethylene for a period of 6 hours had no effect on the rate of senescence, but increased the respiration rate. A ten hour treatment with ethylene increased the rates of both senescence and respiration. Initiation of the climacteric rise in respiration was also advanced. The cytochrome electron transport path was active throughout normal senescence and was the most important contributor to the total oxygen consumption by the petals during the pre- climacteric phase, while the contribution of the alternative pathway was minor. The contribution of the alternative pathway to oxygen consumption during the climacteric rise in respiration increased considerably, while the contribution of the cytochrome pathway decreased correspondingly. This suggests that the climacteric rise in respiration is due to an increase in the activity of the alternative pathway. Treatment with ethylene increased the contribution of the cytochrome pathway during the climacteric phase. Ethylene did not cause any significant increase in the activities of the processes of respiration preceding electron transport nor did it affect the availability of respiratory substrates. The results of this study suggest that the influence of ethylene on the electron transport system may be due to the effects of this hormone on the physical properties of the mitochondrial membranes.