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Respiratory-Gated IMRT Quality Assurance with Motion in Two DimensionsMassie, Michael Todd 28 October 2010 (has links)
No description available.
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Suitability of Tumour Tracking For The Verification of Respiratory Gated Radiation TherapySerpa-Lopez, Marco A. January 2011 (has links)
External beam radiotherapy (RT) is the primary treatment modality for patients with inoperable lung tumours. Respiration-induced motion and related intra-/interfractional variations present a series of limitations to the success of existing conventional treatment modalities for lung cancer. Subsequently, to minimise the effects of respiration different management techniques have been proposed and are available. Respiratory gated radiotherapy (RGRT) holds promise to improve dose conformity, reduce the normal tissue control probability while increasing the tumour control probability. Its effectiveness depends on precise tumour localisation and targeting during dose delivery. In this thesis, the suitability of RGRT for the compensation of breathing induced motion was investigated by means of phantom studies and film dosimetry. Both regular and irregular trajectories were simulated during gated dose delivery and their effects on dose distributions analysed. Respiration-induced motion led to dose blurring and hence to less conformal dose distributions, which resulted overall in underdose of the treatment planning volume and an overdose of healthy surrounding tissue. Compared to non-gated dose delivery, RGRT improved dose conformity by enabling steeper dose gradients, resulting in an increased sparing of healthy tissue, at the expenses of increased delivery times. In the presence of irregular motion paths the dosimetric advantages of RGRT were observed to decrease. In the absence of a clinical tool for treatment verification such irregularities may pass unnoticeable and may lead to poor treatment outcomes.
Investigations of the suitability of a software tool for tracking lung tumours in portal images during RGRT demonstrated that it is possible to determine and track tumour motion during gated treatment. Both the residual tumour motion inside the gating window as well as the probability density function were used as measures to quantify tumour position and variability. Tracking information was sufficient to quantify residual motion and variability. Baseline drifts as well as sudden fluctuations in tumour positions were detected and quantified, which led to considerable variations in residual motion which in turn may result in marginal miss. Although this was a retrospective analysis of motion data, the tool showed a great potential for verification of the tumour position during RGRT and may possibly be useful for adaptation of the gating window.
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A method for in-treatment measurement of residual respiratory motion of organs for stereotactic body radiation therapyPater, Piotr. January 1900 (has links)
Thesis (M.Sc.). / Written for the Medical Physics Unit. Title from title page of PDF (viewed ). Includes bibliographical references.
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Radiothérapie asservie à la respiration en combinaison avec l'utilisation d'un faisceau sans filtre égalisateurPéloquin, Simon 01 1900 (has links)
La radiothérapie stéréotaxique corporelle (SBRT) est une technique couramment employée
pour le traitement de tumeurs aux poumons lorsque la chirurgie n’est pas possible
ou refusée par le patient. Une complication de l’utilisation de cette méthode provient du
mouvement de la tumeur causé par la respiration. Dans ce contexte, la radiothérapie asservie
à la respiration (RGRT) peut être bénéfique. Toutefois, la RGRT augmente le temps
de traitement en raison de la plus petite proportion de temps pour laquelle le faisceau est
actif. En utilisant un faisceau de photons sans filtre égalisateur (FFF), ce problème peut
être compensé par le débit de dose plus élevé d’un faisceau FFF.
Ce mémoire traite de la faisabilité d’employer la technique de RGRT en combinaison
avec l’utilisation un faisceau FFF sur un accélérateur Synergy S (Elekta, Stockholm,
Suède) avec une ceinture pneumatique, le Bellows Belt (Philips, Amsterdam, Pays-Bas),
comme dispositif de suivi du signal respiratoire. Un Synergy S a été modifié afin de pouvoir
livrer un faisceau 6 MV FFF. Des mesures de profils de dose et de rendements en
profondeur ont été acquises en cuve à eau pour différentes tailles de champs. Ces mesures
ont été utilisées pour créer un modèle du faisceau 6 MV FFF dans le système de planification
de traitement Pinnacle3 de Philips. Les mesures ont été comparées au modèle à
l’aide de l’analyse gamma avec un critère de 2%, 2 mm. Par la suite, cinq plans SBRT
avec thérapie en arc par modulation volumétrique (VMAT) ont été créés avec le modèle
6 MV du Synergy S, avec et sans filtre. Une comparaison des paramètres dosimétriques
a été réalisée entre les plans avec et sans filtre pour évaluer la qualité des plans FFF. Les
résultats révèlent qu’il est possible de créer des plans SBRT VMAT avec le faisceau 6 MV
FFF du Synergy S qui sont cliniquement acceptables (les crières du Radiation Therapy
Oncology Group 0618 sont respectés).
Aussi, une interface physique de RGRT a été mise au point pour remplir deux fonctions
: lire le signal numérique de la ceinture pneumatique Bellows Belt et envoyer une
commande d’irradiation binaire au linac. L’activation/désactivation du faisceau du linac se
fait par l’entremise d’un relais électromécanique. L’interface comprend un circuit électronique
imprimé fait maison qui fonctionne en tandem avec un Raspberry Pi. Un logiciel
de RGRT a été développé pour opérer sur le Raspberry Pi. Celui-ci affiche le signal numérique
du Bellows Belt et donne l’option de choisir les limites supérieure et inférieure
de la fenêtre d’irradiation, de sorte que lorsque le signal de la ceinture se trouve entre
ces limites, le faisceau est actif, et inversement lorsque le signal est hors de ces limites.
Le logiciel envoie donc une commande d’irradiation au linac de manière automatique en
fonction de l’amplitude du signal respiratoire.
Finalement, la comparaison entre la livraison d’un traitement standard sans RGRT avec
filtre par rapport à un autre plan standard sans RGRT sans filtre démontre que le temps
de traitement en mode FFF est réduit en moyenne de 54.1% pour un arc. De la même
manière, la comparaison entre la livraison d’un traitement standard sans RGRT avec filtre
par rapport à un plan de RGRT (fenêtre d’irradiation de 75%) sans filtre montre que le
temps de traitement de RGRT en mode FFF est réduit en moyenne de 27.3% par arc.
Toutefois, il n’a pas été possible de livrer des traitements de RGRT avec une fenêtre de
moins de 75%. Le linac ne supporte pas une fréquence d’arrêts élevée. / Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is a technique commonly employed for
treatment of lung tumors when surgery is not possible or not accepted by the patient. One
complication arising from the use of this method comes from the movement of the tumor
during respiration. In this context, respiratory gated radiation therapy (RGRT) can be
beneficial. By using a flattening filter free (FFF) photon beam, the increase in treatment
time caused by a reduced beam-on time of respiratory gated methods can be compensated
by the inherent increased dose rate of FFF beams.
This thesis reports on the feasibility of using the RGRT technique in combination with
the use of a FFF photon beam on a Synergy S (Elekta, Stockholm, Sweden) linear accelerator
with a pneumatic belt, the Bellows Belt (Philips, Amsterdam, Netherlands), to
monitor the patient’s respiratory signal. A Synergy S has been modified to deliver a 6 MV
FFF photon beam. Dose profile and percentage depth dose measurements were taken in
a water tank for different field sizes. Those measurements were used to create a model
for the 6 MV FFF beam with the Pinnacle3 treatment planning system from Philips. Measurements
were compared with the model using gamma index analysis with a 2%, 2 mm
criterion. Then, five SBRT plans with volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) were
created in Pinnacle3 with the 6 MV Synergy S model, with and without a flattening filter.
A comparison of dosimetric parameters was made between plans with and without a flattening
filter to estimate the quality of the FFF plans. Results reveal that it is possible to
create SBRT VMAT plans with the 6 MV FFF model of the Synergy S that are clinically
acceptable (criteria of the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 0618 were respected).
Also, a RGRT hardware interface was created to fulfill two main functions: read the
digital signal from the Bellows Belt pneumatic belt and send an on/off irradiation command
to the linac. The activation/deactivation of the beam is regulated by an electromechanical
relay. The interface is composed of a homemade printed circuit board that functions with a Raspberry Pi. A RGRT software was also developed to operate on the Raspberry
Pi. This software shows the Bellows Belt’s digital signal and gives the option of
choosing the upper and lower limits of the gating window. When the respiratory signal
of the belt is between those limits, the beam is active, and vice versa when the signal is
outside those limits. The software thus effectively sends an on/off irradiation command
automatically to the linac depending on the amplitude of the respiratory signal.
Finally, a comparison between the delivery of a standard plan without RGRT, with
filter, and another standard plan without RGRT, without filter, shows that the treatment
time for plans using the FFF beam is reduced by 54.1% on average for one arc. Similarly,
a comparison between the delivery of a standard plan without RGRT, with filter, and a
gated plan (gating window of 75%), without filter, shows that the treatment time for the
gated treatments is reduced by 27.3% on average for one arc. However, it was not possible
to deliver RGRT treatments with a gating window smaller than 75%. The linac does not
support such a high frequency of beam halting.
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