• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 1
  • 1
  • Tagged with
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Contribution aux traitements des incertitudes : application à la métrologie des nanoparticules en phase aérosol. / Contribution to the treatment of uncertainties. : Application to the metrology of nanoparticles under aerosol-phase.

Coquelin, Loïc 04 October 2013 (has links)
Cette thèse a pour objectif de fournir aux utilisateurs de SMPS (Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer) une méthodologie pour calculer les incertitudes associées à l’estimation de la granulométrie en nombre des aérosols. Le résultat de mesure est le comptage des particules de l’aérosol en fonction du temps. Estimer la granulométrie en nombre de l’aérosol à partir des mesures CNC revient à considérer un problème inverse sous incertitudes.Une revue des modèles existants est présentée dans le premier chapitre. Le modèle physique retenu fait consensus dans le domaine d’application.Dans le deuxième chapitre, un critère pour l’estimation de la granulométrie en nombre qui couple les techniques de régularisation et de la décomposition sur une base d’ondelettes est décrit.La nouveauté des travaux présentés réside dans l’estimation de granulométries présentant à la fois des variations lentes et des variations rapides. L’approche multi-échelle que nous proposons pour la définition du nouveau critère de régularisation permet d’ajuster les poids de la régularisation sur chaque échelle du signal. La méthode est alors comparée avec la régularisation classique. Les résultats montrent que les estimations proposées par la nouvelle méthode sont meilleures (au sens du MSE) que les estimations classiques.Le dernier chapitre de cette thèse traite de la propagation de l’incertitude à travers le modèle d’inversiondes données. C’est une première dans le domaine d’application car aucune incertitude n’est associée actuellement au résultat de mesure. Contrairement à l’approche classique qui utilise un modèle fixe pour l’inversion en faisant porter l’incertitude sur les entrées, nous proposons d’utiliser un modèle d’inversion aléatoire (tirage Monte-Carlo) afin d’intégrer les erreurs de modèle. Une estimation moyenne de la granulométrie en nombre de l’aérosol et une incertitude associée sous forme d’une région de confiance à 95 % est finalement présentée sur quelques mesures réelles. / This thesis aims to provide SMPS (Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer) users with a methodology to compute the uncertainties associated with the estimation of aerosol size distributions. Recovering aerosol size distribution yields to consider an inverse problem under uncertainty.The first chapter of his thesis presents a review of physical models and it shows that competitive theories exist to model the physic.A new criterion that couples regularization techniques and decomposition on a wavelet basis is described in chapter 2 to perform the estimation of the size distribution.Main improvement of this work is brought when size distributions to be estimated show both broad and sharp profiles. The multi-scale approach helps to adjust the weights of the regularization on each scale of the signal. The method is then tested against common regularization and shows better estimates (in terms of the mean square error).Last chapter of this thesis deals with the propagation of the uncertainty through the data inversion process.Results from SMPS measurements are not given with any uncertainty at this time so providing end-users with an uncertainty is already a real improvement. Common approach is to consider a fixed physical model and to model the inputs (particle count) as random. We choose to consider both the physical model as well as the inputs as random to account for the model error. The result is expressed as a mean estimate of the size distribution with a 95% coverage region. The all methodology is finally tested on real measurements.
2

Optimization of ion exchange process on the removal of heavy metals from cooling tower water and regeneration of ion exchange resins.

Mbedzi, Robert Mbavhalelo 06 1900 (has links)
M.Tech. (Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology), Vaal University of Technology. / In the present study, the removal of Ca2+ and Mg2+ from cooling tower water using Amberlite IR120 and Amberjet 1200 was studied by the application of one factor at a time method (OFAT) and response surface modelling (RSM). The effect of operational parameters such as contact time (min), pH, dosage (mL), concentration (mg/L) and temperature (K) were investigated using central composite design. The regeneration of the Amberlite IR120 and Amberjet were also studied. The purpose of the study was to apply OFAT and RSM to investigate and optimize the ion exchange operating parameters. Furthermore, the second-order empirical model that was developed, using the analysis of variance (ANOVA), presented a sufficient correlation to the ion exchange experimental data. The optimal ion exchange operating conditions for Amberlite IR120 and Amberjet 1200 were found to be: contact time was 120 min, dosage of 150mL, initial pH level of 2, concentration of 400mg/L and temperature of 343K. Regeneration of Amberlite IR120 and Amberjet 1200 using 0.5 M NaCl stripping solution initially showed an increase in % Ca2+ and Mg2+ removal, then a decrease in subsequent cycles. The correlation coefficients (R2) of Langmuir, Freudlich and Tempkin isotherms were found to range from 0.92 to 1 and this suggest that experimental data best described the models. However correlation coefficients (R2) for Dubinin–Radushkevich (D-R) model were found to range between 0.5 to 0.8 and this means that experimental data does not fit the model. Thermodynamic functions such as entropy (Δ𝑆𝑜), enthalpy (Δ𝐻𝑜) and change of free energy (Δ𝐺𝑜) were obtained from the gradient and intercepts of straight line graphs. The positive values of ΔG° were found meaning that the adsorption is not spontaneous and positive values of ΔH° were found meaning the endothermic type of adsorption which indicate the chances of physical adsorption.The correlation coefficient (R2) values of pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intraparticle models were found to range from 0.89 to 1 on both metals as shown in table 4.4. This observation clearly indicates that pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion models best describe the experimental data in the removal Ca2+ and Mg2+ from cooling tower water.

Page generated in 0.1133 seconds