Texte remanié de: Diss.--Saarbrücken, 2001. / Contient des résumés en anglais et en français. Bibliogr. p. 269-292. Notes bibliogr. Index.

The purpose of this study was to contribute to the existing body of research that focuses on strategies to promote positive behaviors in middle years students using a case study approach that examined the restitution processes and school attachment strategies implemented in an urban middle years school. Analysis of the data revealed that implementation of a restitution program and a focus on school attachment practices at Lakeview Middle Years School (pseudonym) had a positive impact on student behaviors.

The purpose of this study was to contribute to the existing body of research that focuses on strategies to promote positive behaviors in middle years students using a case study approach that examined the restitution processes and school attachment strategies implemented in an urban middle years school. Analysis of the data revealed that implementation of a restitution program and a focus on school attachment practices at Lakeview Middle Years School (pseudonym) had a positive impact on student behaviors.

Texte remanié de: Diss.--Juristische Fakultät--Tübingen--Eberhard-Karls-Universität, 1991.

Freiburg, Univ., Diss., 2001.

Magister Artium - MA / This study aimed to contribute towards understanding how the dynamics of class formation and differentiation impact on and are in turn impacted upon by land restitution processes. It was conducted against the backdrop of both land reform and restitution programmes of the democratic government being viewed by communities, scholars, commentators, civil society and opposition parties as generally a failure.The objectives of the study were twofold: firstly to develop a view of the class structure before and after land restitution in Dysselsdorp and, secondly, to consider the different ways in which classes were differentiated, combined and reconstituted to different effect in relation to the three restitution models.

Die in den letzten Jahrzehnten zunehmenden Landschaftsstrukturänderungen (Siedlungs- und Straßenbau, agrarwirtschaftliche Flächennutzung) führten aufgrund der Degradation, Fragmentation und Isolation geeigneter Lebensräume zu einem Abundanz- und Diversitätsrückgang vieler Bestäubergemeinschaften. Wildbienen nehmen in diesem Zusammenhang durch ihre Bestäuberfunktion für den Erhalt von Ökosystemen eine wichtige ökologische Rolle ein und können durch ihre spezifischen Lebensraumansprüche als Schlüsselarten zur Bewertung der Habitatqualität sowie für Restitutionsmaßnahmen angesehen werden. Voraussetzung für das Gelingen der im Rahmen des Naturschutzes geforderten Wiederherstellungs- und Schutzprogramme ist das Verständnis der Struktur dieser Gemeinschaften. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, die Struktur von blütenbesuchenden Wildbienengemeinschaften in gefährdeten Sand-Ökosystemen Süddeutschlands (Baden-Württemberg, Hessen) in Abhängigkeit zu verschiedenen Umweltparametern (z. B. Habitatgröße, Fragmentation) und in Kombination mit ihren Nahrungsressourcen zu analysieren. Auch wird das Kolonisierungs- und Entwicklungspotenzial von Wildbienengemeinschaften auf verschiedene Restitutionsansätze untersucht, wobei die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse als Referenz für die geforderten Wiederherstellungsprogramme dienen. Die Verteilungsmuster der Wildbienenarten werden auf regionaler Ebene mit Hilfe von „nested subset“-Analysen untersucht, wobei Nahrungsnetzwerk- und Pollenanalysen Untersuchungen zur Ressourcennutzung der Wildbienengemeinschaften ermöglichen. Die Ergebnisse veranschaulichen, dass die Zusammensetzung von Wildbienengemeinschaften innerhalb gefährdeter Sand-Ökosysteme von vielen Faktoren, wie zum Beispiel der Blütenressourcenverfügbarkeit und der Vernetzung einzelner Gebiete, bestimmt werden. Eine Kombination verschiedener Untersuchungsmethoden unterschiedlicher Skalenebenen ist in diesem Zusammenhang für die Analyse der Gemeinschaftstrukturen sowie für die Einsetzung geeigneter Wiederherstellungsprogramme unumgänglich. Für die Etablierung geeigneter Restitutionsprogramme müssen sowohl gebietsspezifische Faktoren, als auch das umgebende Landschaftsmosaik, welches ebenfalls die Struktur der Wildbienengemeinschaften beeinflusst, berücksichtigt werden.

This study analyses certain controversial issues commonly arising when a claim for restitution is brought against a bank. Chapter 1 considers the equitable claim traditionally labelled ‘knowing receipt’. Three issues are discussed: (i) the basis in principle of the claim for ‘knowing receipt’; (ii) whether the claim requires proof of fault on the part of the recipient; and (iii) whether the claim can be brought in relation to the receipt by a bank of a mortgage or guarantee offered to the bank in breach of trust or fiduciary duty. The conclusions are (i) that ‘knowing receipt’ is often a claim in unjust enrichment, though the dishonest recipient will also be liable for an equitable wrong; (ii) that when the unjust enrichment version of ‘knowing receipt’ is in issue, the claim should be one of strict liability; and (iii) a claim in unjust enrichment can be brought against a bank to defeat its interest in a mortgage or guarantee offered in breach of trust. Chapters 2 to 4 concern a concept within the law of unjust enrichment that has come to be called ministerial receipt. A ministerial receipt is a receipt of money or property by an agent on behalf of his or her principal. Banks often receive money as agents on behalf of account holders. Chapters 2 and 3 analyse that concept as it is dealt with at common law and in equity respectively. At common law, ministerial receipt is a defence which exists only if the agent pays over the money in question before receiving notive of the right of the plaintiff to restitution. By contrast, ministerial receipt in equity operates to restrict a right to restitution which would otherwise arise. A claim for 'knowing receipt' cannot be brought against an agent in equity. Chapter 4 argues that the equitable tratement of agents is correct as a matter of principle, and that no common law claim in unjust enrichment should be maintainable against a person who receives as agent. Special attention is given to banks. Chapter 5 analyses three other defences which a bank can plead in answer to restitutionary claims: 'good consideration', bona fide purchase and set off. It is concluded that there is no general defence of 'good consideration'; that the bank can plead bona fide purchase in relation to money deposited into an account in credit; and that in the context of combining two or more bank accounts set off is merely a species of bona fide purchase.

Zugl.: Basel, Universiẗat, Habil.-Schr. / Literaturverz.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / This thesis examines the trajectories of agrarian change on community-owned commercial farms in the Levubu Valley in the northern part of Limpopo Province, South Africa. Levubu is a locality where fertile land was developed and made highly productive after state-led dispossession of African communities. White farmers were initially resettled on a state-run irrigation scheme, but later became independent large-scale commercial farmers linked to global agro-food markets. The thesis focusses on four Communal Property Associations (CPAs) that acquired ownership of farms in Levubu. Government’s post-apartheid land restitution programme required the CPAs to enter into ‘strategic partnership’ agreements with agribusiness companies. Resettlement of beneficiaries on these farms was ruled out in an attempt to sustain existing production systems and levels of employment. After these partnerships collapsed, CPAs have attempted to run the farms themselves, through operating companies employing professional farm managers. Using key concepts from agrarian political economy, the thesis seeks to understand the dynamics of production and social reproduction on the farms and the political tensions that have arisen since restitution occurred. It also explores how this form of land restitution has impacted on the livelihoods of farmworkers. The study combines intensive (or qualitative) research methods, involving indepth interviews, focus groups and direct observations, and extensive (or quantitative) approaches, mainly in the form of a farmworker household survey undertaken in two communities. This research design has allowed for ‘retrospective’ analysis of changes over time to be complemented by ‘circumspective’ analysis of the relations and dynamics of property, production and power on community-owned farms in Levubu. The main findings of the study are that neither joint venture companies nor community-owned farming enterprises have been able to distribute dividend payments to claimant community members as yet. Rather, when profits have been realised they have largely been invested back into productive enterprises. Few other benefits have been received either, other than the preferential employment of some claimant farmworkers on the farms, a small number as managers or supervisors. Although additional jobs were created in the initial stages of restitution, these enterprises have struggled to maintain employment levels. Poor management decisions have meant that increased labour costs have not been accompanied by increases in productivity and output. Severe tensions and conflicts have arisen within CPAs, manifested in different forms of identity politics and competing ‘modes of belonging’. Tensions in communityowned large-scale farming enterprises are explained by the contradictory unity of capital and labour within community-owned enterprises, with difficult choices to be made between enhancing social reproduction or ensuring accumulation and profitability. These combine with complex processes of identification in socio-political struggles around access to and control of key resources. These findings suggest that policy makers should re-examine assumptions in relation to community-owned farming enterprises and explore mechanisms through which individual beneficiary households can realise more significant benefits. One policy option might be to seek the complementarity of large-scale commercial farming and smallholder farming systems, both on land restored to CPAs through restitution and in communal areas.