Thesis (M.Sc.)--York University, 2005. Graduate Programme in Computer Science. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 146-148). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url%5Fver=Z39.88-2004&res%5Fdat=xri:pqdiss &rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:MR11740

This paper aims to investigate the impact of reforms on economic growth in a sample of transition economies of Central Eastern Europe, South Eastern Europe and Commonwealth of Independent States from 1989 until 2010. We employ a panel data methodology and run a Haussman test to distinguish between a fixed effect and a random effect model. In addition, we take into account the role of reform reversals and examine their contribution in the growth dynamics. Reform downgrades are very common since in some cases progress in reforms has been stalled or even reversed due to political instability, wars, economic crises, etc. We model the reforms downgrades following the previous work of Merlevede (2003) using a different methodology and extending our period of estimation. Furthermore, the relationship between other explanatory variables (i.e. initial conditions, fiscal balance) and growth is further explored in the empirical estimation. JEL Classification O57, P21 Keywords transition economies, reforms, reversal Author's e-mail lorena_zh@hotmail.com Supervisor's e-mail roman.horvath@gmail.com

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1970. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1968. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

A thermal hydraulic analysis has been conducted to investigate the conditions leading to the channel flow reversal and the subsequent effects that may have on the Primary Heat Transfer System(PHTS) thermohydraulic parameters during the natural circulation under the specific accident scenarios for a generic CANDU 900 MW plant model similar to Darlington NGS. The assumed initiating events are the combination of a small Loss Of Coolant Accident (LOCA) with a loss of Class IV power, as well as the unavailability of Emergency Coolant Injection (ECI) system. No makeup inventory is taken into account in this study, and there is no fuel sheath temperature excursion or fuel centerline melting, i.e., the integrity of fuel is always maintained. A one-dimensional quasi-steady state Homogeneous Equilibrium Model(HEM) has been constructed for the study. A specific node-link structure is adopted to represent the primary heat transfer loop: The whole loop and different components in HTS are represented by a series of nodes that have quasi-static thermal hydraulic characteristics such as pressure and enthalpy, etc. Dynamic characteristics are delivered by the links between nodes, e.g., flow rate and pressure drop. The channel powers (decay heat), the secondary side pressure and the pressure at Reactor Inlet Header(RIH) are chosen as boundary conditions to describe the assumed initiating incidents for the iii model. With ongoing loss of inventory and system depressurization, vapor lock occurs in Steam Generator(SG), and it increases the pressure drop from Reactor Outlet Header(ROH) to RIH across SG and forms an increasingly negative RIH-to-ROH pressure differential. Flow reversal occurs in the channel due to the counter force balance between negative RIH-to-ROH pressure difference and the driving force derived from the density difference between the hot and cold legs. It is found that channels in row A have the highest reversal preference, then followed by the channels in row B, and in that order subsequently. Row A reverses when inventory decreases to about 79.5% of initial value, with following boundary conditions: decay heat is 1.5% of Full Power(FP) and secondary side pressure is 5.070 MPa. In addition, it is found that the decrease in channel power accelerates the depressurization process and brings forward the occurrence of flow reversal in fuel channels. / Thesis / Master of Applied Science (MASc)

Our result suggests a momentum effect in the index futures market that we find an abcdrmal return in some specific situations after deducting the transaction costs and tax in the simulation. All positive profits concentrate on short-term observing periods and short-term holding periods in momentum strategy. There is an obvious tendency that the profits slump through the increase of observing periods and the increase of holding periods. And the standard deviation of the profits goes larger as the holding periods extend. The momentum effect would still show in a shorter time period but a lower magnitude when we set the return criterion smaller. This phenomenon concurs with our expectation and implies that the behavioral theories can explain some parts of the momentum effect. In some cases the reversal profits are stronger in long-term observing periods but the standard deviation of it becomes very large and makes it difficult to implement. Other cases the profits are significant in short-term observing periods by intermediate or long-term holdings and long-term observing becomes disappointed. It needs more tests for a larger sample size to capture the characteristics of reversal phenomenon and acquire the parameters that can seize the reversal effect.

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