No description available.

Focusing techniques and detection of targets is usually associated to defense and military use. However in recent past things have moved ahead. Now target detection using UWB radars is being done in many industries and corporations. Radarbolaget AB is one of them; one of their projects uses UWB radars to detect steel strips inside a furnace. This research solves a potential problem of detecting middle steel strip out of total three strip edges which can be seen by radar placed on the front. For better understanding of the reader, existing system and introductory UWB radar principles are discussed. As there can be many solutions to focusing of targets here (steel strip edge detection). Available focusing techniques have been discussed in detail along with the possible physical and simulation setups. Later in the document, detection methods have been proposed. UWB time reversed signal detection is a fairly new method and a very limited research has been done so far. PRBS sequence has been focused on in detection mechanism. Results section show that the pulse of the PRBS works better and produces more promising results rather than a repetitive signal. Time reversal methods for locating the target have been used to find the approximate location of the target. Manual distance calculations from target to the transmitter and receiver have been done. Comparison of actual distance from target to the transmitter is compared with simulation results. Different model simulation setups and their results have proved that using UWB Time reversed signals; a still or moving target can be detected with centimeter window precision.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Florida State University, 2006. / Advisor: Gershon Tenenbaum, Florida State University, College of Education, Dept. of Educational Psychology and Learning Systems. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Sept. 21, 2006). Document formatted into pages; contains xiii, 111 pages. Includes bibliographical references.

This thesis contains an experimental investigation of the yielding behaviour of sand loaded in triaxial compression, extension and a combination of both (stress reversal). The testing programme was conducted on 102 x 205 mm medium dense samples of fine Leighton Buzzard sand. A considerable part of the work was directed towards improving the testing technique in order to obtain good quality data. For this purpose, an automated stress path system was constructed and programmed utilizing a microcomputer to take full control of the applied stresses so that any desired stress path could be closely followed in the conventional triaxial cell. Furthermore, new displacement measuring devices were developed and used throughout the testing programme for monitoring both axial and radial deformation locally on the middle third of the triaxial specimen. The results indicate that generally the behaviour of sand is highly anisotropic and that during non-reversal stress paths, the yield condition can be described by a set of curved yield loci in the p' - q stress space. Such yield loci have more curvature in extension than in compression. Stress reversal is found to cause a significant softening of the stress-strain behaviour. However, depending on the level of deviatoric prestress on the opposite side, the sand may become even softer than in the virgin stress-strain condition. The typical errors likely to occur during conventional deformation measurement are discussed, and it is concluded that the use of local measurement should replace both external axial and volumetric monitoring techniques.

The purpose -of this work is to discuss the symmetry, or lack of it, under reversal of motion in physical objects, states and processes. Considerations of such symmetry are made in both classical and quantum physics, notably in the problem of reconciling the assumed time-reversal symmetry of microscopic processes with the observed asymmetry of macroscopic processes. In the case of classical mechanics, a simple model of a free particle colliding with a series of almost stationary or stationary particles of smaller mass is introduced in order to show how a friction-like phenomenon can arise from processes all of which have symmetry under reversal of motion. It is maintained throughout that symmetry under reversal of motion is a property of all fundamental states and processes in nature. / Science, Faculty of / Physics and Astronomy, Department of / Graduate

No description available.

Using postulations formulated by Harlow, very few investigators have experimented with discriminative learning in relation to various levels of human mental abilities to the pattern of forming a set. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of different levels of mental abilities on the formation of these sets, using mental retardates, and analyzing the formation of these sets and the abilities of these retardates to shift dimension of cues by reversing the response conditions.

Although several writers have emphasized the habit-like characteristics of bulimia nervosa, no study has investigated the extent to which bulimia responds to treatment specifically for habit disorders. Habit reversal is a general treatment plan which teaches individuals to regain lost awareness of all aspects of a habit. The habit is then interrupted at the earliest movement in the chain by a physically competing response. Habit reversal (Azrin & Nunn, 1973) has been effective in treating other habits (e.g., stuttering, tics, bruxism). In the present study, habit reversal was adapted for the treatment of bulimia. In response to newspaper advertisements, ten females (aged 21-26) with a minimum of two binges/week were included in the study. Bingeing and vomiting ranged from .5/day to 3.57/day during baseline; duration of the disorder ranged from one to eight years. In a multiple-baseline, across-subjects design, subjects were randomly assigned to begin treatment following 14 days of baseline data collection. Subjects self-monitored and reported daily binge eating, vomiting, fasting and laxative use. Daily social contacts and athletic activities were self-monitored and reported as secondary dependent measures. A blood chemistry analysis to assess metabolic functioning, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Symptom Checklist 90-Revised (SCL-90R) were administered pre- and post-treatment. Two subjects reported cessation of bulimic episodes during baseline data collection apparently as a result of self-monitoring and frequent phone contacts. A rapid and substantial reduction in the target behaviors for the subjects who received treatment was reported following presentation of habit reversal (mean bingeing reduction=66.7%; mean vomiting reduction=52.0%). As reports of bingeing and vomiting decreased, concomitant increase in reported social contacts and athletic activities was observed in five of seven subjects without treatment for social behavior. Scores on the BDI and SCL-90 R did not change as a function of treatment. However, the self-reported frequency of binge eating during treatment correlated positively with psychopathology (r=.95, p

Chronic tic disorders (CTDs), including Tourette’s disorder and persistent motor or vocal tic disorder, are neurobiological conditions affecting an estimated 3 to 4 percent of children and adolescents. These disorders include the presence of motor and/or phonic tics, which can range in number, frequency, and severity. Although CTDs are typically treated through medications, the available medications have the potential of adverse side effects, do not result in long-term coping strategies, and may not be effective or preferable for all individuals. Habit reversal training (HRT), a behavioral intervention for tics, has been identified as a well-established treatment. The purpose of habit reversal is to build an individual’s awareness of his or her tics and disrupt tics through developing a competing behavioral response. One avenue or service delivery that has not yet been explored for individuals with CTDs is use of a parent-mediated approach to habit reversal. Parent-mediated interventions have been used successfully with children with challenging behavior and autism. They are based on a triadic model, in which a therapist works directly with a parent to teach the therapeutic techniques. Parents, in turn, work directly with their children while receiving feedback from the therapist. The current study investigated a parent-mediated habit reversal intervention for the treatment of chronic tic disorders in two children. A delayed multiple baseline design was used. Baseline data were collected for three sessions. Intervention was delivered over six sessions, during which time coaching was faded. Follow up data collection occurred one month after the end of treatment. Based on changes in parental fidelity of implementation from baseline to intervention, this study provides preliminary evidence for parents being trained as therapists and providing habit reversal training strategies to their children. This treatment was reported as acceptable by both parent participants and by one of the child participants. Treatment motivation remained high and stable throughout baseline, intervention, and follow up. Child motivation was more variable during baseline, intervention, and follow up. Tic severity was also variable and more research would be needed to determine the impact of treatment for tics. Limitations and implications for future research are provided.

Das Visus-VEP wird angewendet bei Patienten mit eingeschränkter Kooperation (Kinder, retardierte Personen), unklarer Visusminderung, funktionellen Sehstörungen, Verdacht auf Simulation sowie zur Verlaufskontrolle von Erkrankungen der Sehbahn. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, die bisherigen Methoden zu optimieren. An 20 augengesunden Probanden wurden monokular Messungen mit Sinusgitter-Reizen bei 12 Ortsfrequenzen zwischen 1 und 20 cpd durchgeführt. Die Präsentation erfolgte jeweils im Pattern-reversal- und Pattern-onset-Modus. Die VEP-Signale wurden über eine auf der Position Oz liegende Elektrode sowie über zusätzlich zwei laterale (L, R) und eine kraniale Elektrode (O) abgeleitet. Durch ein mittels Igor Pro© geschriebenes Programm wurden zur Auswertung für jede Versuchsperson insgesamt 12 Graphen erstellt, in denen die Fourier-Amplitude als Funktion der Ortsfrequenzen aufgetragen wurde, sog. Tuning-Kurven: Für beide Reizmuster wurde neben der Oz -Ableitung eine 3-Punkt- (VEP-Signale von Oz, L, R) und eine 4-Punkt-Laplacian-Ableitung (VEP-Signale von Oz, L, R, O) durchgeführt. Zusätzlich erfolgte jeweils eine alleinige Auswertung der Fourier-Amplitude der Reizfrequenz sowie eine Auswertung unter Einbeziehen der ersten Oberwelle der Reizfrequenz im Fourier-Spektrum. Der Einfluss dieser Methoden auf die Grenzortsfrequenz, die Amplitude, das Signal-Rausch-Verhältnis (SNR) und die Anzahl der signifikanten Antworten wurde untersucht. Die Elektrodenanordnung hatte keinen signifikanten Einfluss auf die Grenzortsfrequenz. Beim Pattern-reversal-Reiz waren durch die Laplacian-Ableitungen die Amplituden signifikant niedriger, beim Pattern-onset-Reiz bestand diesbezüglich kein Unterschied. Für den Pattern-reversal-Reiz erbrachte 4-Punkt-Laplacian das beste SNR, für den Pattern-onset-Reiz gab es hierbei keine signifikanten Unterschiede. Bei der Zahl der signifikanten Datenpunkte erwiesen sich beide Laplacian-Anordnungen bei beiden Reizmustern als vorteilhaft. Auch Mackay et al. (2003a,b) erreichten durch eine 3-Punkt-Laplacian-Anordnung ein verbessertes SNR und mehr signifikante Ereignisse. Trotz des Mehraufwandes empfehlen wir aufgrund dieses Ergebnisses in der Klinik die Verwendung einer Laplacian-Ableitung. Wegen einer Verminderung der Amplitudenhöhe kann jedoch die Laplacian-Ableitung in wenigen Fällen bei Personen mit sehr niedrigen VEP-Amplituden von Nachteil sein. Eine Auswertung mit Oberwelle lieferte keine signifikanten Unterschiede für die Grenzortsfrequenzen. Die Amplituden lagen hierbei signifikant höher. Für den Pattern-onset-Reiz wurde das SNR sogar niedriger, für den Pattern-reversal-Reiz änderte es sich nicht. Bezüglich der Anzahl der signifikanten Datenpunkte bestand kein Einfluss der Oberwelle. Wegen der letzten beiden Punkte bewerten wir eine Auswertung mit erster Oberwelle nicht als vorteilhaft in der klinischen Routine. Bei einzelnen Patienten mit besonders niedrigen Amplituden im VEP kann diese Auswertungsmethode jedoch eine Möglichkeit sein. Für den Pattern-onset-Reiz lagen die Grenzortsfrequenzen signifikant höher, ihr Spektrum war vergleichbar mit denen der Studien von Strasburger et al. (1996) und Bach et al. (2008). Im Hinblick auf die Amplitude bestand zwischen den beiden Reizmuster entgegen Strasburger et al. (1996) und Parry et al. (1999) in unserer Studie kein signifikanter Unterschied. Bei 12 Versuchspersonen konnten beim Pattern-onset-Reiz aus den Messdaten keine Tuning-Kurven erstellt werden, da es bei den niedrigen Ortsfrequenzen wieder zu einem Anstieg der VEP-Amplitude gekommen war. In einem Nachexperiment erscheinen Helligkeitsartefakte des Monitors als wahrscheinlichste Ursache, für die der Pattern-onset-Reiz anfällig ist (Fahle & Bach, 2006). Wegen eines zusätzlichen Zeitaufwandes durch nicht auswertbare Messungen oder sogar verfälschter objektiver Visus-Werte durch falsch hohe VEP-Amplituden beim Pattern-onset-Reiz, empfehlen wir für die Praxis den Einsatz von Pattern-reversal-Mustern. In weiterführende Studien sollte der Einfluss der in unserer Arbeit untersuchten Parameter (Reizart, Oberwelle, Ableitung) bei unterschiedlichen Augenerkrankungen sowie bei Personen mit besonders niedrigem Visus erforscht werden. / Objective assessment of visual acuity by visual evoked potentials: Influence of electrode arrangement, harmonics and stimulus pattern