The third quadrant (3rd-quad) conduction (or reverse conduction) of power transistors is critical for synchronous power converters. For power metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect-transistors (MOSFETs), there are two current paths in the 3rd-quad conduction, namely the MOS channel path and the body diode path. It is well known that, for 1.2 kV silicon carbide (SiC) planar MOSFETs, the conduction loss in the 3rd-quad is reduced by turning on the MOS channel with a positive gate bias (VGS) and keeping the dead time as small as possible. Under this scenario, the current is conducted through both paths, allowing the device to take advantage of the zero 3rd-quad forward voltage drop (VF3rd) of the MOS channel path and the small differential resistance of the body diode path. However, in this thesis work, this popular belief is found to be invalid for power MOSFETs with higher voltage ratings (e.g., 3.3 kV and 10 kV), particularly at high temperatures and current levels. The aforementioned MOS channel and body diode paths compete in the device’s 3rd-quad conduction, and their competition is affected by VGS and device structure. This thesis work presents a comparative study on the 3rd-quad behavior of 1.2 kV to 10 kV SiC planar MOSFET through a combination of device characterization, TCAD simulation and analytical modeling. It is revealed that, once the MOS channel turns on, it changes the potential distribution within the device, which further makes the body diode turn on at a source-to-drain voltage (VSD) much higher than the built-in potential of the pn junction. In 10 kV SiC MOSFETs, with the MOS channel on, the body diode does not turn on over the entire practical VSD range. As a result, the positive VGS leads to a completely unipolar conduction via the MOS channel, which could induce a higher VF3rd than the bipolar body diode at high temperatures. Circuit test is performed, which validates that a negative VGS control provides the smallest 3rd-quad voltage drop and conduction loss at high temperatures in 10 kV SiC planar MOSFET. The study is also extended to the trench MOSFET, another major structure of commercial SiC MOSFETs. Based on the revealed physics for planar MOSFETs, the optimal VGS control for the 3rd-quad conduction in different types of commercial trench MOSFETs is discussed, which provides insights for the design of high-voltage trench MOSFETs. These results provide key guidelines for the circuit applications of medium-voltage SiC power MOSFETs. / M.S. / Recent years, the prosperity of power electronics applications such as electric vehicle and smart grid has led to a rapid increase in the adoption of wide bandgap (WBG) power devices. Silicon Carbide (SiC) metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) is one of the most attractive candidates in WBG devices, owing to its good tradeoff between breakdown voltage and on resistance, capability of operation at high temperatures, and superior device robustness over other WBG power devices. In most power converters, power device is required to conduct current in its third quadrant (3rd-quad) (i.e., conduct reverse current) either for handling current during the dead time or acting as a commutation switch. In a SiC MOSFET, there are two current paths in the 3rd-quad conduction, namely the MOS channel path and the body diode path. It is widely accepted that by turning on the MOS channel with a positive gate-to-source bias (VGS), both paths are turned on in parallel such that the 3rd-quad conduction loss can be reduced. In this thesis work, it is shown that this long-held opinion does not hold for SiC MOSFETs with high voltage ratings (e.g., 3.3 kV and 10 kV). Through a combination of device characterization, TCAD simulation, and analytical modeling, this thesis work unveils the competing current sharing between the MOS channel and the body diode. Once the MOS channel turns on, it delays the turn-on of the body diode and suppresses the diode current. This effect is more pronounced in MOSFETs with higher voltage ratings. In 10 kV SiC MOSFETs, with the MOS channel on, the body diode does not turn on in the practical operation conditions. At high temperatures, as the bipolar diode path possesses the conductivity modulation, which can significantly lower the voltage drop and is absent in the MOS channel, it would be optimal to turn off the MOS channel. Circuit test is also performed to validate these device findings and evaluate their impact on device applications. Finally, the study is also extended to the commercial SiC trench MOSFET, the other mainstream type of SiC power MOSFETs. These results provide key guidelines for the circuit applications of medium-voltage SiC power MOSFETs.

Depuis le début des années 2000, les composants en carbure de silicium (SiC) sont présents sur le marché principalement sous la forme de diodes Schottky et de transistors FET. Ces nouveaux semi-conducteurs offrent des performances en commutation bien supérieures à celles des composants en silicium (Si) ce qui se traduit par une diminution des pertes et une réduction de la température de fonctionnement à système de refroidissement identique. L’utilisation de composants SiC ouvre donc la possibilité de concevoir des convertisseurs plus compacts ou à une fréquence de commutation élevée pour une même compacité. C’est avec cet objectif d’augmentation de la fréquence de commutation qu’a été menée cette étude axée sur l’utilisation de composants SiC au sein d’un onduleur triphasé. Le convertisseur sur lequel se base l’étude accepte une tension d’entrée de 450V et fournit en régime nominal un courant de sortie efficace par phase de 40 A. Le choix des composants SiC s’est porté sur des transistors JFET Normally-Off et des diodes Schottky SiC car ces composants étaient disponibles à la vente au début de ces travaux et offrent des pertes en commutation et en conduction inférieures aux autres structures en SiC. Les transistors FET possèdent une structure et des propriétés bien différentes des IGBT habituellement utilisés pour des convertisseurs de la gamme considérée notamment par leur capacité à conduire un courant inverse avec ou sans diode externe. De ce fait, il est nécessaire de développer de nouveaux outils d’aide au dimensionnement dédiés à ces composants SiC. Ces outils de calculs sont basés principalement sur les paramètres électriques et thermiques du système et sur les caractéristiques des composants SiC. Les premiers résultats montrent qu’en autorisant la conduction d’un courant inverse au sein des transistors, il est possible de diminuer le nombre de composants. Basées sur ces estimations, une maquette de bras d’onduleur a été développée et testée. Les premiers thermiques montrent que pour une puissance de 12kW, il est possible d’augmenter la fréquence de commutation de 12 kHz à 100 kHz. / Since 2000, Silicon Carbide (SiC) components are available on the market mainly as Schottky diodes and FET transistor. These new devices provide better switching performance than Silicon (Si) components that leads to a reduction of losses and operating temperatures at equivalent cooling system. Using SiC components allows to a better converter integration. It is in this context that ECA-EN has started this thesis dedicated to using SiC devices in a three-phase inverter at high switching frequency. The converter object of this study is supply by a input voltage of 450V and provides a current of 40A per phase. The components used for these study are SiC Normally-Off JFET and Schottky Diodes because these devices were commercialized at the begining of this thesis and offer better switching performance than others SiC components. FET transistors have a different structure compared to traditionnal IGBT especially their capability to conduct a reverse current with or without body diode. So it is necessary to develop new tools dedicated to the design of converters built with SiC components. These tools are based on the electrical properties of the converters and the statics and dynamics characteristics of the transistor and the diode. The results show that when the transistors conduct a reverse current, the number of components/dies can be reduced. According to data, a PCB board of an inverter leg has been built and tested at ECA-EN. The thermal measurement based on the heatsink shows that the switching frequency of an inverter leg can be increased from 12 to 100 kHz for an ouput power of 12kW.