Thesis--University of Wisconsin--Madison. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 188-199).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005. / Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center; full text release delayed at author's request until 2010 Aug 29.

Thesis (D. Min.)--Trinity International University, 2005. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 195-206).

Thesis (Th. M.)--Dallas Theological Seminary, 1990. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 73-91).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1994. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [260]-271).

Pascal's essays De l'esprit geometrique and De l'art de persuader, together with fragments found amongst his notes for an Apology, constitute his literary theory or Rhetoric. This Rhetoric is basically psychological. Pascal recognises that in order to persuade his reader he must sway his emotions as well as convince him intellectually. The character or temperament of the person or group to be persuaded determines the adoption of a particular method. This theory is essentially similar to Ancient Rhetoric. Though the Ancients tend to be remembered only for their lists of figures and tropes, they also emphasised the orator's need, to vary his approach according to his audience, devoting as much space to "moving the passions" as to "proof". Analysis of both the Provinciales and the Pensees - aimed primarily at the honnetes gens shows how Pascal put his precepts into practice. In the Provinciales he does not simply, as critics sometimes suggest, present his reader with models of logical and cogent reasoning. By the extensive use of irony, invective, ridicule, innuendo and all the standard means of disparagement he builds up an atmosphere of hostility to the Jesuit cause and conditions his reader's reaction against it. In apologetics he rejects metaphysical proofs: intellectual conviction alone, he fears, leads todeism and not Christianity. Though he makes some appeal to the unbeliever's reason, he seeks especially to induce in him certain moods and to convince him emotionally of the desirability of belief in the Christian god. He belongs to the Augustinian tradition of apologetics. The Provinciales and the Pensees are linked by Pascal's forceful and ardently religious temperament, which is reflected in his Rhetoric. In the Provinciales his personality is an asset: in the Pensees it modifies his success as an apologist, but raises him, occasionally, to the stature of poet.

<p> When it comes to fundraising, many congregations and faith-related organizations struggle to keep up in the competitive charitable giving landscape. In recent years, online crowdfunding platforms (e.g. Kickstarter, GoFundMe, Indiegogo) have grown to a multi-billion-dollar industry, supporting fundraisers for diverse causes both charitable and for-profit. Does crowdfunding offer faith-related organizations potentially valuable opportunities for fundraising? If so, how should faith-related non-profit organizations best ask for money online? </p><p> To engage these questions, I employed a participatory action research framework to accompany, coach, and learn with organizations launching crowdfunding campaigns. This partnership resulted in meaningful engagement with nine would-be crowdfunders. Three of these organizations eventually launched crowdfunding campaigns. Though none reached their goal, crowdfunders secured over $36,000 for their organizations&rsquo; aims. Significantly, all campaigners reported positive mission-related benefits in addition to funds raised. I analyzed data using a cross-case replication study design with three individual case write-ups. Additionally, I rhetorically examined the crowdfunding pages themselves seeking to understand how crowdfunders engaged the multimodal possibilities of the genre. Theories engaged include multimodal rhetoric, audience awareness, genre theory, and Christian giving rhetoric. </p><p> This project found that crowdfunding pages serve as a place for compact, powerful invitations to give. Yet, in their digital design template and scope of projects, crowdfunding methods also limit fundraisers&rsquo; rhetorical choices. Existing scholarship from multiple fields has sought to discover factors related to crowdfunding success and failure. What has not been considered sufficiently, however, is the process potential crowdfunders go through as they discern whether to launch a campaign, how they imagine the audience of a possible campaign, and how the rhetoric of the resulting crowdfunding pages may be shaped by the expectations of the genre. My study identified new terminology to describe rhetorical phenomena of the campaigns including <i>hidden friction</i>, the <i>audience paradox, discrepant rhetoric</i>, as well as visual aids such as an explanatory action matrix. The action research methodology of the study brings the work of crowdfunders, previously behind the scenes, to the forefront. Ultimately, it shows that while the aims of the crowdfunders may be multiple, and even in conflict, crowdfunders can reap rewards beyond money alone.</p><p>

The purpose of this work is to analyse the style of Aeschines' speeches. An endeavour has been made to analyse it from as many aspects as possible and a special effort has been made to investigate in detail those qualities which make it peculiarly Aeschinean. The correspondence between the style and the development of argument has similarly been examined - paying particular attention to the form and the effect of the different stylistic elements. The approach adopted is the conventional tri-partite analysis: Choice of Words, Figures of Speech, and Composition. In the first chapter, Aeschines' vocabulary is examined from the point of view of the use he makes of rare words, poetic words, compound words, colloquial words, and three classes of nouns the use of which is thought to add dignity to the style. The figures of speech are treated in the second chapter, putting into practice the theory advocated above that the figures should be examined from the point of view of their form and effect: looking specifically at their place in the development of argument. Statistics have been included in the first two chapters, where they help to elucidate some distinct qualities in the style and differences between the speeches. The analysis is concentrated in the third chapter on various forms of hyperbaton and on the structure of the sentences, from the point of view of their parallel structure, subordination and length. It is hoped that this work may prove to be of some help to those similarly concerned with matters of style in Ancient Greek prose.

The purpose of this study is to examine the cases of misrepresentation in Demosthenes' deliberative speeches in so far as the existing evidence permits such an examination. The method of investigation was firstly to find references to the particular event described by Demosthenes in any other author, either contemporary with the event or of a later time, and then to compare these references with Demosthenes' information; secondly, to check the objectivity of our sources, and then to determine how and to what degree Demosthenes has misrepresented the facts. There follows a discussion on whether the misrepresentation was deliberate or unconscious, and on the reasons behind this deviation from the truth, considering Demosthenes' knowledge of the events, his aims, and his policy at the time he was addressing his fellow-citizens. The historical events to which Demosthenes refers have been classified as events of earlier history, and events of Demosthenes' own time. The early history is sub-divided into Macedonian history and Athenian history. The value of such a work, the reliability of the authors referred to, and the reasons why preference was given to the deliberative speeches, are examined in the introduction. Concerning the early Macedonian history, the subjects considered are: Demosthenes' information on Alexander I and Perdiccas II; their relations with Athens; and mattersconcerning the affinities between Macedonia and Greece. For early Athenian history, we have examined events and personalities of the Persian wars, and of the subsequent inter-war years. The study of Demosthenes' own time covers Philip's activities in Amphipolis, Poteidaea, Thrace, the Chersonese, and Phocis; facts concerning Philip's character; and the conditions among the Macedonians. A classification of the cases of misrepresentation, followed by an interpretation, is presented in the conclusion. The work closes with an appendix dealing with the sources of Demosthenes' historical knowledge.

<p> Scientists and scholars should be trusted allies in the effort to shield the public from the consequences of the current post-truth existence. However, decades of declining trust in the formal institutions that verify what is 'true' has left the public particularly vulnerable to new, less vetted "truth tellers". These "truth tellers" cunningly weave their messages with existing public attitudes that "feel" right versus empirically verifiable facts and figures. The manipulation of affect has become a powerful tool in these battles for truth, especially in the arena of scientific controversies where the public has strong feelings yet minimal technical knowledge on the subject. With consideration to the role of affect in public deliberation, this project investigates the primary strategies employed in popular anti-GMO and anti-vaccine rhetorical texts with a focus on identifying their construction of 'truth'. Ultimately, I argue that these rhetorical texts employ two main strategies: 1) they exploit emotion in order to gain the audience's empathy, and 2) they induce recruitment to their cause by articulating and echoing existing political beliefs held by the public within the context of their own movement.</p><p>