Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 2001. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Įvertinus 12 juodųjų serbentų (Ribes nigrum L.) veislių ir klonų derlių nulemiančių svarbiausių komponentų įtaką: atsparumą šalčiui, grybinėms ligoms, serbentinei (pumpurinei) erkutei, lapų žiotelių parametrus ir nustačius jų tarpusavio ryšį – išskirtos veislės tinkamos mechanizuotam derliaus nuėmimui, vertingi agronominiu požiūriu donorai, naujoms veislėms kurti. Veislė Tines yra vėlyvo žydėjimo. Veislės Titania, Tiben ir klonas 98 – 279 – 25 darnaus uogų sunokimo donoras. Mechanizuotam uogų skynimui tinkamiausios veislės Tines, Ruben ir Dailiai. Daugiakiakiškumu išsiskyrė veislės Ores, Ceres, Ruben ir klonas 98 – 279 – 25. Mažiausias sėklų procentas uogoje veislių Titania ir Tisel. Veislės Tines, Bona, Ruben, Dailiai ir klonas 98 – 279 – 25 yra stambiauogiškumo, o klonas 93 – 157 – 1 yra tiek stambiauogiškumo, tiek produktyvumo donoras. Vaiskrūmiai buvo santykinai atsparūs miltligei, vidutiniškai atsparūs šviesmargei ir deguliams bei skirtingo atsparumo serbentinei (pumpurinei) erkutei. Žiotelių ilgis susijąs su krūmų pažeidimu grybinėmis ligomis. Krūmų pašalimas susijąs su pažeidimu deguliais ir serbentine (pumpurine) erkute. / The aim of the research: to investigate and derive the varieties suitable for the machine harvesting valuable as agronomic donors for the development of new varieties. For this reason 12 different blackcurrant varieties and clones were investigated to determine the most important factors influencing their yield: frost , fungal diseases, currant gall mite, leaf stomata parameters and the relationship between them. Tines is a variety of late – flowering. Varieties Titania, Tiben and a clone 98 – 279 – 25 are donors for a sustainable fruit production. The research revealed that the varieties Tines, Ruben and the Dailiai are the most suitable for the machine harvesting. Varieties of Ores, Ceres, Ruben and clone 98 – 279 – 25 proved to produce maximum number of bunches. The minimum quantity of seeds was found in berries of Titania and Tisel varieties. Varieties Tines, Bona, Ruben, Dailiai and clone 98 – 279 – 25 proved to be a large – berry producing variety, whereas a clone 93 – 157 – 1 was determined to be the most productive and large- berry producing variety. Blackcurrant berry shrubs were relatively resistant to powdery mildew, the average resistance was revealed to leaf septoria and stem canker, and the cultivars demonstrated different resistance to the gall mite. According to the research, the stomata length is associated with the damage of the cultivars by fungal diseases. Plant frost damage proved to be closely related to plant being infected by canker and gall mite... [to full text]

A study on Prince Edward Island was initiated to assess the impact of organic fertility amendment rate and timing treatments and deflowering on the growth, yield, and berry size and soluble solids, and plant and soil available nutrients of blackcurrants (Ribes nigrum L cv. Titania.). Plants at the site with lower leaf P and K showed lower growth and yield (492-2540 kg ha-1) than the other site (3935-5016 kg ha-1No significant differences were found in final size or 2011 yield at the site with larger bushes, while at the other site the medium spring fertility treatment gave the greatest growth and yield, followed by the high spring fertility treatment. Deflowering increased yield but not growth at the site with recommended ranges of leaf P and K; at the site with P and K deficiencies, growth increased in 2010 and 2011. There was no interaction between deflowering and amendment timing.

Objectives: Antiadherent and antibacterial effects of certain plant extracts have been proven to be beneficial in preventive dentistry. In the present in situ/in vitro crossover study, the impact of plant extracts rich in polyphenols on the erosion-protective properties of the in situ pellicle was evaluated. Methods: Individual splints were prepared for 12 subjects for intraoral exposure of bovine enamel specimens. Following formation of a 1-min pellicle, watery plant extracts(leaves of the wild form of Ribes nigrum , the wild form of Origanum as well as a combination of both) were administered for 10 min in situ. Alternatively, a mouth rinse with fluorides (Elmex Kariesschutz) was performed for 1 min. After further oral exposure for 19/28 min, respectively, slabs were removed and incubated with HCl in vitro over 120 s (pH 2, 2.3, 3). The resulting calcium and phosphate release was quantified photometrically. Slabs with and without a 30-min in situ pellicle served as controls. The modification of pellicle ultrastructure was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results: Plant extracts modulated the erosion-protective properties of the native in situ pellicle in all test groups in a pH-dependent manner. The combination of R. nigrum leaves and Origanum enhanced the protective properties of the pellicle at all pH values; the administration of this preparation was comparable, yet superior, to the effect of the fluoridated mouth rinse. TEM images indicated that rinsing with R. nigrum leaves /Origanum yielded a distinctly thicker and more electron-dense pellicle. Conclusion: The combination of certain plant extracts offers a novel approach to the complementary prevention of dental erosion.

The allergic disease of asthma is characterized by an infiltration of inflammatory cells to the lung, a process co-ordinated by T-helper (TH) cells. The TH2 cytokine Interleukin (IL)-4 promotes infiltration of eosinophils to sites of inflammation. Eosinophil-selective chemoattractant cytokines (eg. eotaxins) are synthesized by lung epithelial cells. Eotaxin-3 is expressed at high levels in the asthmatic lung, predominantly after IL-4 stimulation. Eotaxin-3 is therefore a marker of inappropriate airway inflammation. Polyphenolic (PP) compounds found in high concentrations in berries may have beneficial effects in inflammatory conditions. Plant and Food Research produced high-PP extracts of blackcurrant (BC) cultivars that were tested for inflammation modulating effects. Since high doses of PPs have been shown to cause cell death, we tested two BC cultivars at a range of concentrations in a cell viability (WST-1) assay. While no toxic effects were attributable to the BC extracts (1-50µg/ml), a dose-related trend in cell death was observed and therefore 10µg/ml was chosen for further experiments Ten BC cultivars were compared for efficacy by measuring eotaxin-3 production in IL-4 stimulated human lung epithelial (A549) cells in vitro. Cells were incubated with BC extracts (10µg/ml) and IL-4 (10ng/ml) for 24 hours. The supernatants were then quantified for eotaxin-3 levels by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All ten BC extracts reduced eotaxin-3 levels after stimulation with IL-4, and six BC extracts were effective by statistically significant levels (P<0.05), (BC cultivars -01, -02, -03, -05, -09 & -10). Of those, BC extracts of four cultivars demonstrated a reduction of more than 65% from the IL-4 stimulated control. In addition, a positive trend in inflammation modulation vs. one anthocyanin (ACN) in the BC extracts was shown. This study has demonstrated the beneficial inflammation modulatory effects of polyphenolic BC extracts, which could be related to cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside content. These results may have therapeutic potential for asthma.

The allergic disease of asthma is characterized by an infiltration of inflammatory cells to the lung, a process co-ordinated by T-helper (TH) cells. The TH2 cytokine Interleukin (IL)-4 promotes infiltration of eosinophils to sites of inflammation. Eosinophil-selective chemoattractant cytokines (eg. eotaxins) are synthesized by lung epithelial cells. Eotaxin-3 is expressed at high levels in the asthmatic lung, predominantly after IL-4 stimulation. Eotaxin-3 is therefore a marker of inappropriate airway inflammation. Polyphenolic (PP) compounds found in high concentrations in berries may have beneficial effects in inflammatory conditions. Plant and Food Research produced high-PP extracts of blackcurrant (BC) cultivars that were tested for inflammation modulating effects. Since high doses of PPs have been shown to cause cell death, we tested two BC cultivars at a range of concentrations in a cell viability (WST-1) assay. While no toxic effects were attributable to the BC extracts (1-50µg/ml), a dose-related trend in cell death was observed and therefore 10µg/ml was chosen for further experiments Ten BC cultivars were compared for efficacy by measuring eotaxin-3 production in IL-4 stimulated human lung epithelial (A549) cells in vitro. Cells were incubated with BC extracts (10µg/ml) and IL-4 (10ng/ml) for 24 hours. The supernatants were then quantified for eotaxin-3 levels by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All ten BC extracts reduced eotaxin-3 levels after stimulation with IL-4, and six BC extracts were effective by statistically significant levels (P<0.05), (BC cultivars -01, -02, -03, -05, -09 & -10). Of those, BC extracts of four cultivars demonstrated a reduction of more than 65% from the IL-4 stimulated control. In addition, a positive trend in inflammation modulation vs. one anthocyanin (ACN) in the BC extracts was shown. This study has demonstrated the beneficial inflammation modulatory effects of polyphenolic BC extracts, which could be related to cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside content. These results may have therapeutic potential for asthma.

The allergic disease of asthma is characterized by an infiltration of inflammatory cells to the lung, a process co-ordinated by T-helper (TH) cells. The TH2 cytokine Interleukin (IL)-4 promotes infiltration of eosinophils to sites of inflammation. Eosinophil-selective chemoattractant cytokines (eg. eotaxins) are synthesized by lung epithelial cells. Eotaxin-3 is expressed at high levels in the asthmatic lung, predominantly after IL-4 stimulation. Eotaxin-3 is therefore a marker of inappropriate airway inflammation. Polyphenolic (PP) compounds found in high concentrations in berries may have beneficial effects in inflammatory conditions. Plant and Food Research produced high-PP extracts of blackcurrant (BC) cultivars that were tested for inflammation modulating effects. Since high doses of PPs have been shown to cause cell death, we tested two BC cultivars at a range of concentrations in a cell viability (WST-1) assay. While no toxic effects were attributable to the BC extracts (1-50µg/ml), a dose-related trend in cell death was observed and therefore 10µg/ml was chosen for further experiments Ten BC cultivars were compared for efficacy by measuring eotaxin-3 production in IL-4 stimulated human lung epithelial (A549) cells in vitro. Cells were incubated with BC extracts (10µg/ml) and IL-4 (10ng/ml) for 24 hours. The supernatants were then quantified for eotaxin-3 levels by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All ten BC extracts reduced eotaxin-3 levels after stimulation with IL-4, and six BC extracts were effective by statistically significant levels (P<0.05), (BC cultivars -01, -02, -03, -05, -09 & -10). Of those, BC extracts of four cultivars demonstrated a reduction of more than 65% from the IL-4 stimulated control. In addition, a positive trend in inflammation modulation vs. one anthocyanin (ACN) in the BC extracts was shown. This study has demonstrated the beneficial inflammation modulatory effects of polyphenolic BC extracts, which could be related to cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside content. These results may have therapeutic potential for asthma.

The study covered the period August 1971 to February 1975 and was conducted in three blackcurrant plots. One plot comprised mature bushes that were pruned but not sprayed during the course of the study; the other two plots were subject to full normal managerial practices including spraying. Information on various aspects of the biology was revealed and this clarified some of the areas about which little was known previously especially for the Southern Hemisphere. Fecundity is 100 eggs per female, fertility in the field is at least 97% and predation of eggs is always less than 5%. There are six larval instars. Fungi of the genera Beauveria and Cordyceps cause up to 10% mortality of the larvae. This is the first record of the latter genus infecting S. tipuliformis. A sampling plan was developed to enable estimates of the population of S. tipuliformis at various stages to be obtained. This gave information on the distribution of stages of the life cycle within the canes according to the age of the wood. These samples also permitted the construction of life tables for three generations of S. tipuliformis in one plot and one generation in the others. Replication both in space and time was therefore achieved and the results were further replicated by considering each plot as nine separate blocks. The dispersion of the egg and larval stages was tested and found to fit the negative binomial model. A common k, kc, was calculated for the egg stage and the larval c stage. Though not vital to this present study various transformations of the raw data were investigated to see which were most appropriate in order to stabilise the variance for analyses in which such suitability is vital. The logarithmic transformation based on the k parameter of the k negative model [log (x + k/2)) was the most successful. The mortality of the eggs was quite low but a significant proportion of the emerging larvae fail to colonise the pith of a cane. This mortality is density dependent. Other mortalities including winter pruning are density independent or random. The key stage of the life cycle revealed by the life tables is the adult survival. This survival and the consequent population trend index determined from the number of eggs laid was found to be affected by the prevailing weather during the flight period especially during the last week of November and the first two weeks of December.