Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2018-04-11T19:42:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 SuzanIalyGomesDeMedeiros_TESE.pdf: 1565131 bytes, checksum: fc1c6f25f300c374ed29471679c7076b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-04-13T00:33:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 SuzanIalyGomesDeMedeiros_TESE.pdf: 1565131 bytes, checksum: fc1c6f25f300c374ed29471679c7076b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-13T00:33:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SuzanIalyGomesDeMedeiros_TESE.pdf: 1565131 bytes, checksum: fc1c6f25f300c374ed29471679c7076b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-09-04 / Enzimas t?m sido largamente utilizadas em bioss?ntese para transforma??es de compostos org?nicos em substitui??o aos m?todos sint?ticos cl?ssicos. Este trabalho descreve a s?ntese enzim?tica de biossurfactantes a partir da Dglicose com ?cido ricinol?ico empregando como biocatalisador a protease de Bacillus subtillis alcalina. Com aux?lio do software MODDE 7.0, o planejamento experimental utilizando um modelo fatorial 2 4-1 (planejamento reduzido de 2 n?veis e 4 vari?veis) foi realizado para verificar a influ?ncia das vari?veis temperatura, tempo de rea??o, concentra??o de enzima e raz?o molar do substrato/D-glicose sobre o rendimento da rea??o. An?lises de espectroscopia na regi?o do infravermelho (FTIR) confirmaram a forma??o do produto atrav?s de absor??es em 3400 cm-1, caracter?stica das hidroxilas presentes no anel do a??car, e em 1739 cm-1, correspondente ? carbonila de ?ster. As an?lises de CLAE (cromatografia l?quida de alta efici?ncia) mostraram as taxas de convers?es alcan?adas pelo biocatalisador protease de Bacillus subtillis alcalina. Medidas de tens?o superficial em diferentes condi??es, foram realizadas com o produto de rea??o, onde observou-se redu??o da tens?o superficial da ?gua de 72 mN/m para 33 mN/m. Foi poss?vel verificar tamb?m a estabilidade quanto do produto frente as solu??es salinas (115 g/L), nas solu??es tamp?o com pH extremos de 2 ? 12 e em solu??es aquosas aquecidas no intervalo de 25 a 100 ?C. Visando aplica??o do produto em t?cnicas Core-Flow (transporte de ?leo), an?lises de ?ngulo de contato pelo m?todo da placa de Willemy foram realizadas, obtendo-se a redu??o do ?ngulo de contato, do vidro com ?gua, de 40? para 0?. Nas an?lises como lubrificante e redutor de filtrado em fluidos de perfura??o polim?ricos observou-se, nas v?rias formula??es, que a mistura biodiesel/biossurfactante apresentou resultados satisfat?rios reduzindo o CL (coeficiente de lubricidade) em 87% e o volume de filtrado em 22%. Nos testes de forma??o e estabilidade de espuma, caracter?stica que deve ser evitada por proporcionar leituras incorretas (peso espec?fico, reologia, volumetria, etc), nenhum dos biossurfactantes teve a??o espumante caracterizando seu bom desempenho. / Enzymes have been widely used for organic compounds biosynthesis, attracting a great deal of attention in recent years, due to its several advantages over the chemical method. This work describes the enzymatic synthesis of biosurfactants from d-glucose with ricinoleic acid using proteases Bacillus subtillis alcalina as biocatalysts. Aiming to reach high conversions from substrates to products for a possible future large scale industrial production, a serie of variables was optimized, through MODDE 7.0, using the factorial model design 24-1. The investigated variables were: temperature, reaction time, enzyme concentration and substrate/D-glicose rate. Qualitative analysis by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the product formation through characteristic peaks due to hydroxyl group absorption on the sugar ring at 3400 cm-1 and the carbonyl group at 1739 cm-1, which refers to ester carbonyl. HPLC analysis (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) showed higher conversions using of alkaline protease of Bacillus subtillis. Besides, it was observed that all the biosurfactants reduced the surface tension of water from 72 to 33 mN/m (by interpolate of the plate method). According to surface tension results, it was possible to evaluate the stability of each product about saline (maximum 115g/L) and buffer solutions (pH 2 ? 12), from a temperature range from 25 to 100?C). Aiming its application to core-flow technique, contact angle measurements presented reduction of 40? to 0? in presence of d-glucose ricinoleate, when compared to distillated water. Different applications of this product were investigated, such as: lubricant and filter loss control for polymeric drilling fluids of petroleum wells. It was observed the reduction of lubricity coefficient and filtrate loss control in 87 and 22 %, respectively.