GRAÇA, João Wilame Coelho. Aspectos histórico-evolutivos do jusnaturalismo: da Grécia antiga a Tomás de Aquino. 2011. 74f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Filosofia, Fortaleza (CE), 2011. / Submitted by Gustavo Daher (gdaherufc@hotmail.com) on 2017-09-25T15:54:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_dis_jwcgraca.pdf: 459795 bytes, checksum: f81ccedb53e8c18a9b6593c563c4170f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-09-25T16:53:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_dis_jwcgraca.pdf: 459795 bytes, checksum: f81ccedb53e8c18a9b6593c563c4170f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-25T16:53:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_dis_jwcgraca.pdf: 459795 bytes, checksum: f81ccedb53e8c18a9b6593c563c4170f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / The jusnaturalism receives of St. Thomas its main feature: a historical contribution in favor of recognizing the fundamental rights of the individual. His thesis jusnaturalist, exposed in the work "Summa Theologica," surpasses all previous formulations on the subject. In the first version of natural law, which was formed in Ancient Greece, was included as a basic characteristic the defense of the polis, identified with the idea of equality between citizens and embodied in the phenomenon that is called: concord. This paradigm jusnaturalist reaches its climax in Aristotle with his conception of political or constitutional law. Making an interpretation in a new light the concepts of Aristotle, Aquinas makes the natural law systematic, covering this system the formulations on this: eternal law, natural law and human law. In this last is contained in what he calls the natural law or law of nations, a concept with which, Aquinas, exposes the greater legacy of natural law, the aforementioned rights and basic guarantees of the person. / É no pensamento de Santo Tomás que nasce a marca principal do jusnaturalismo: a contribuição histórica cedida em favor do reconhecimento dos direitos fundamentais do indivíduo. Sua tese jusnaturalista, exposta na obra “Suma Teológica”, supera todas as formulações anteriores sobre o tema. Na primeira versão da lei natural, que se formou na Grécia arcaica, constava como característica básica a defesa de um bem da pólis, identificado com a idéia de isonomia entre os cidadãos e materializado no fenômeno que se denominou concórdia. Tal paradigma jusnaturalista atinge seu ápice em Aristóteles, com sua concepção de lei política ou constitucional. Interpretando sob nova perspectiva o conceitual aristotélico, Aquino dá ao jusnaturalismo uma forma sistemática, englobando, neste, as formulações sobre lei eterna, lei natural e lei humana. Nesta, última, está contido o que ele chama de direito natural ou direito das gentes, conceito por meio do qual, o Aquinate, expõe o legado maior do jusnaturalismo, a mencionada defesa dos direitos e garantias básicas da pessoa.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / à no pensamento de Santo TomÃs que nasce a marca principal do jusnaturalismo: a contribuiÃÃo histÃrica cedida em favor do reconhecimento dos direitos fundamentais do indivÃduo. Sua tese jusnaturalista, exposta na obra âSuma TeolÃgicaâ, supera todas as formulaÃÃes anteriores sobre o tema. Na primeira versÃo da lei natural, que se formou na GrÃcia arcaica, constava como caracterÃstica bÃsica a defesa de um bem da pÃlis, identificado com a idÃia de isonomia entre os cidadÃos e materializado no fenÃmeno que se denominou concÃrdia. Tal paradigma jusnaturalista atinge seu Ãpice em AristÃteles, com sua concepÃÃo de lei polÃtica ou constitucional. Interpretando sob nova perspectiva o conceitual aristotÃlico, Aquino dà ao jusnaturalismo uma forma sistemÃtica, englobando, neste, as formulaÃÃes sobre lei eterna, lei natural e lei humana. Nesta, Ãltima, està contido o que ele chama de direito natural ou direito das gentes, conceito por meio do qual, o Aquinate, expÃe o legado maior do jusnaturalismo, a mencionada defesa dos direitos e garantias bÃsicas da pessoa. / The jusnaturalism receives of St. Thomas its main feature: a historical contribution in favor of recognizing the fundamental rights of the individual. His thesis jusnaturalist, exposed in the work "Summa Theologica," surpasses all previous formulations on the subject. In the first version of natural law, which was formed in Ancient Greece, was included as a basic characteristic the defense of the polis, identified with the idea of equality between citizens and embodied in the phenomenon that is called: concord. This paradigm jusnaturalist reaches its climax in Aristotle with his conception of political or constitutional law. Making an interpretation in a new light the concepts of Aristotle, Aquinas makes the natural law systematic, covering this system the formulations on this: eternal law, natural law and human law. In this last is contained in what he calls the natural law or law of nations, a concept with which, Aquinas, exposes the greater legacy of natural law, the aforementioned rights and basic guarantees of the person.

摘 要 台北市經過百年發展面臨都市老化的問題，政府面對都市發展之趨勢與需要，在時代環境變遷過程有不同之配套措施，而現今社會人口高齡化及少子化，政策從擴大都市計畫衍生以老舊社區更新為主軸，卻面臨整合不易的窘境。因此政府於民國87年11月11日公佈實施都市更新條例，將都市更新獨立於都市計畫法之外，使民間可自行整合後提交都市更新計畫，但卻依然成效不彰。多數研究認為法定權利人為此一困境之罪魁禍首，並以「貪得無厭」形容法定權利人在協商過程的態度。本研究認為都市更新計畫實屬於公眾利益，僅將問題全指向法定權利人實有欠公平，因此本研究將深入探討影響法定權利人的參與及選擇意願。 都市更新計畫的參與者，可分為法定權利人、實施者、公部門及更新從業人員。為探討影響法定權利人參與更新事業意願選擇行為之問題，本研究針對台北市四件正在進行中的都市更新計畫採取問卷方式進行實例分析，並將79位訪談對象分為法定權利人及其餘參與者兩大類，以不同層面深入探討法定權利人之重要性及與其餘參與者之間的互動關係，並根據問卷調查統計分析結果，了解法定權利人與其餘參與者認知之差異。本研究結合相關參考文獻之論點及「有限理性」抉擇行為理論為分析觀點，討論在都市更新計畫實施的過程中，影響法定權利人參與意願的原因，依據分析結果針對法制面及執行面不足之處建議配套措施，使都市更新之美意得在公開、公平及公正下實現，成為都市發展之動力。 本研究針對法定權利人多方討論，但實施者及公部門的部分則須更多研究人員繼續深入探討，並期望未來能針對相關法規尚未釐清之課題，共同突破都市更新長年以來效果不彰之困境。 關鍵字：都市更新法定權利人、實施者、公部門。 / Abstract Taipei city is facing city of aging problems after hundred years development. The government adapts the change and requirement of city in various periods by establishing different policies in different generation. Because of aging society and declining birthrate, the main urban renewal strategies are changed from city expansion to revitalization of communities, but they still face the difficult of integrated problem. Therefore, the government in Taiwan isolated the urban renewal statute from the urban renewal planning strategies on November 11th, 1988, so that citizenry can make urban renewal plan by themselves. However, the effects are still limited. Most researches think that the legal right of people is the reason in this difficult situation, and they use “Insatiable” to describe their attitudes during negotiations. This study believes the urban renewal plan is common interests for every participant. It is not fare to say the only one problem is legal right of people. Therefore, this study is going to have deeper discussion about the effects of their wills to attend and their choices. The participants in urban renewal plan can be separated to legal right of people, implementers, authority department, and professional employees of urban renewal plan. In order to understand the issue of legal right of people’s wills to participate and choices, this study uses a survey to analysis 4 processing cases in Taipei city by interviewing 79 participants, which are sorted to two types; legal right of people and the others. It uses different aspects to discuss the importance of legal right people, their interaction with the other participants, and their cognitive difference by analyzing the results of the survey. This research combines the related references and “Bounded rationality”, the theory of choice behavior, to be the viewpoint, to discuss the reason to affect legal right of people’s will in the negotiations and reveal the supporting suggestion of law and executive aspects, so that the original purpose of urban renewal becomes the motivation of city development under public, equity, and justice factors. This research is only focus on legal right of people version; not implementers or authority department. Therefore, for the unclear issues of relative polices, this study might provides important information to help further researches and ascertain the urban renewal difficulty. Keywords: The legal right of people of urban renewal, implementer, authority department.