Thesis (M.A.)--Wheaton College Graduate School, Wheaton, IL, 2002. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 152-160).

Thesis (M.A.)--Wheaton College Graduate School, Wheaton, IL, 2002. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 152-160).

This thesis consists of two objectives which divide it into two parts. Thus, part one explores the cyclicity of protest mobilisation in post-Soviet Kazakhstan in the 1992–2009 period and part two investigates the relationship between protest mobilisation and democratisation in the 1990s, a decade marked by early progress in democratisation followed by an abrupt reversal to authoritarianism. Acknowledging the existence of numerous competing explanations of protest cyclicity, the first part of this study utilises four major social movement perspectives – relative deprivation (RD), resource mobilisation (RMT), political opportunity structures (POS) and collective action frames (CAF) – to explain variances in protest mobilisation in Kazakhstan over time and four issue areas. Adopting a small-N case study and process-tracing technique, the thesis’s first research question enquires into which of these four theoretical perspectives has the best fit when seeking to explain protest cyclicity over time. It is hypothesised that the ‘waxing and waning’ of protest activity can best be attributed to the difficulties surrounding the identification and construction of resonant CAFs. However, the study’s findings lead to a rejection of the first hypothesis by deemphasising the role of CAFs in predicting protest cyclicity, and instead support the theoretical predictions of the POS perspective, suggesting the prevalence of structural factors such as the regime’s capacity for repression and shifts in elite alignments. The second research question revolves around variations in protest mobilisation across four issue areas and explores the reasons why socioeconomic grievances mobilised more people to protest than environmental, political and interethnic ones. According to the second hypothesis, people more readily protest around socioeconomic rather than political and other types of grievances due to the lower costs of participation in socioeconomic protests. While the regime’s propensity for repressing political protests could explain the prevalence of socioeconomic protests in the 2000s, the POS perspective’s key explanatory variable failed to account for the prevalence of socioeconomic protests in the early 1990s, resulting in the rejection of the second hypothesis. The second part of the thesis attempts to answer the third research question: How does protest mobilisation account for the stalled transition to democracy in Kazakhstan in the 1990s? Based on the theoretical assumption that instances of extensive protest mobilisation foster democratic transitions, the study’s third research hypothesis posits that transition to democracy in Kazakhstan stalled in the mid-1990s due to the failure of social movement organisations to effectively mobilise the masses for various acts of protest. This assumption receives strong empirical support, suggesting that protest mobilisation is an important facilitative factor in the democratisation process. The thesis is the first to attempt to employ classical social movement theories in the context of post-communist Central Asian societies. Additionally, the study aims to contribute to the large pool of democratisation literature which, until recently (following the colour revolutions), seemed to underplay the role of popular protest mobilisation in advancing transitions to democracy. Finally, the research is based on the author’s primary elite-interview data and content analysis of five weekly independent newspapers.

The objective of this thesis is to analyze the authoritarian Karimov regime in post-Soviet Uzbekistan on a comprehensive basis and shed light on the domestic and international factors that has shaped this regime. The thesis consists of three main parts. The first part of the study defines the concepts of democracy and authoritarianism and provides the criteria to determine if a regime is democratic or authoritarian. The second part applies the theoretical framework developed in the first part to Uzbekistan. The third part deals with the factors that helped Karimov to strengthen his authoritarian rule in the country. The main argument of this study is that the incumbent leadership in Uzbekistan has failed to take steps to establish democracy in the country in post-Soviet period. The changes that were introduced proved to be only decorative, they lacked substance. The president of the country, Islam Karimov, has aimed at consolidating his own authority rather than establishing democracy and that his attempts to realize this aim resulted in the strengthening of executive branch in Uzbekistan at the expense of legislative and judiciary, silencing of the opposition forces, curtailment of the civil and political rights of the citizens, restriction of autonomy of civil society organizations and media.

Submitted by Rafael Santana (rafael.silvasantana@ufpe.br) on 2017-05-05T16:55:15Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO (2016 JUL 2016) Clélia Bonani.pdf: 1570056 bytes, checksum: 44c8d209da95e96d88e91b53b227b598 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-05T16:55:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO (2016 JUL 2016) Clélia Bonani.pdf: 1570056 bytes, checksum: 44c8d209da95e96d88e91b53b227b598 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-28 / Este estudo enfoca questões sobre os movimentos sindicais, resgatando em seu histórico seus principais acontecimentos. Pois retomar a trajetória histórica desses movimentos no Brasil é importante para compreender a sua relevância nas relações trabalhistas. Os movimentos sindicais influenciaram também a organização dos servidores técnico-administrativos em educação, em relação à busca pela conquista de seus direitos. Neste trabalho é mostrado o contexto atual do sindicalismo no setor público, a partir do movimento sindical SINTUFEPE – Sindicato dos Trabalhadores das Universidades Federais de Pernambuco, procurando identificar os principais aspectos envolvidos. Através de lutas, das manifestações dos funcionários públicos e movimentações que muitos direitos foram conquistados. Neste trabalho também é trazido à tona a problemática do direito de greve do servidor público, já reconhecido constitucionalmente, contudo, a inexistência ainda da regulamentação por lei específica, os servidores são submetidos à mesma lei que rege o direito de greve no setor privado. / This study focuses on questions about the trade union movement, rescuing in its historical and in its main events. Because resuming the historical trajectory of these movements in Brazil is essential to understand its relevance in labor relations. The union movements influenced have also influenced the organization of technical admnistrative servers from the education, in the search for the conquest of their rights. This work shows the current context of trade unionism in the public sector, from the trade union movement SINTUFEPE - Union of Workers of the Federal University of Pernambuco, trying to identify the main issues involved. Across fights, and manifestations from civil servants and their movements, that many rights were conquered. This work also brought up the issue of the right of the public servant to strike. Even thought it is already constitutionally recognized, the absence of a specific law, causes that public servants still be submitted to the same laws governing the right to strike in the private sector.

L’elaborato ha inteso analizzare agli aspetti processuali del riscatto agrario. La tesi affronta in prima istanza la questione attinente all’inquadramento dogmatico del riscatto, quale figura generalmente ricondotta alla categoria dei diritti potestativi, ovvero fra i meri poteri, secondo la tradizionale distinzione cara tanto agli studiosi del processo civile, quanto a quelli del diritto civile sostanziale. Identificato il riscatto quale potere, la riflessione si è concentrata sulla natura sostanziale o processuale del proprio esercizio (in parallelo con lo studio della doppia qualificazione dei diritti potestativi ad esercizio giudiziale o stragiudiziale) ed ha portato ad avvallare la prima ipotesi, sulla base di una precisa scelta discrezionale del legislatore che ha inteso tutelare in maniera peculiare il soggetto coltivatore, senza imporgli la necessità di istaurare un giudizio costitutivo al fine di ottenere la realizzazione dell’effetto traslativo del diritto di proprietà, bensì ritenendo allo scopo sufficiente la mera dichiarazione unilaterale e recettizia. La conclusione della trattazione è dedicata agli aspetti operativi del riscatto agrario, con particolare attenzione alla prassi e ai problemi applicativi che la disciplina speciale della materia pone all’interprete, specialmente riguardo alle modalità per il pagamento del prezzo c.d. di riscatto. / The paper intended to analyze the procedural aspects of agrarian rent. The thesis addresses in the first instance the question relating to the dogmatic framework of redemption, as a figure generally traced back to the category of potestative rights, or among mere powers, according to the traditional distinction dear to both civil law and civil law scholars substantial. Having identified redemption as a power, the reflection focused on the substantive or procedural nature of its exercise (in parallel with the study of the dual qualification of potestative rights for judicial or extrajudicial exercise) and led to endorse the first hypothesis, on the basis of a precise discretionary choice of the legislator who intended to protect the farmer in a particular way, without imposing on him the need to establish a constitutive judgment in order to obtain the translation effect of the property right, but considering the mere unilateral declaration. The conclusion of the discussion is dedicated to the operational aspects of agrarian rent, with particular attention to the special discipline of the subject poses to the interpreter, especially with regard to the methods for paying the so-called price of ransom.