Este trabalho tem como objetivo o estudo dos coeficientes de atrito obtidos através do ensaio do anel, que é um dos métodos clássicos para verificação e a caracterização do atrito, comparado com a extrusão por duplo copo, DCE (Double Cup Extrusion). Foram feitos ensaios utilizando como material para confecção dos corpos de prova o alumínio AA6351 e variando três situações de lubrificação: teflon, grafite e ensaios sem lubrificação. Para o DCE foi desenvolvido o projeto e fabricação do ferramental, permitindo variar punções de duas dimensões diferentes. Os resultados obtidos nos experimentos com cada uma das técnicas foram comparados e apresentados, traçando-se um paralelo do atrito verificado, bem como o comportamento do material em relação às ferramentas utilizadas nos experimentos e as variações de lubrificação. / This work aims to study the friction coefficients obtained by the ring test, which is one of the classic methods for verification and characterization of friction, compared with DCE (Double Cup Extrusion). The tests were made using as material for preparation of specimens, the aluminum AA6351 and varying three situations lubrication, Teflon, graphite and tests without lubrication. For DCE was developed the design and manufacture of tooling, allowing vary punctures in two differ dimensions. The results obtained in the experiments with each of the techniques have been compared and shown by drawing a parallel scanned the friction and the material behavior in relation to the tools used in the experiments and lubrication changes.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo o estudo dos coeficientes de atrito obtidos através do ensaio do anel, que é um dos métodos clássicos para verificação e a caracterização do atrito, comparado com a extrusão por duplo copo, DCE (Double Cup Extrusion). Foram feitos ensaios utilizando como material para confecção dos corpos de prova o alumínio AA6351 e variando três situações de lubrificação: teflon, grafite e ensaios sem lubrificação. Para o DCE foi desenvolvido o projeto e fabricação do ferramental, permitindo variar punções de duas dimensões diferentes. Os resultados obtidos nos experimentos com cada uma das técnicas foram comparados e apresentados, traçando-se um paralelo do atrito verificado, bem como o comportamento do material em relação às ferramentas utilizadas nos experimentos e as variações de lubrificação. / This work aims to study the friction coefficients obtained by the ring test, which is one of the classic methods for verification and characterization of friction, compared with DCE (Double Cup Extrusion). The tests were made using as material for preparation of specimens, the aluminum AA6351 and varying three situations lubrication, Teflon, graphite and tests without lubrication. For DCE was developed the design and manufacture of tooling, allowing vary punctures in two differ dimensions. The results obtained in the experiments with each of the techniques have been compared and shown by drawing a parallel scanned the friction and the material behavior in relation to the tools used in the experiments and lubrication changes.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo o estudo dos coeficientes de atrito obtidos através do ensaio do anel, que é um dos métodos clássicos para verificação e a caracterização do atrito, comparado com a extrusão por duplo copo, DCE (Double Cup Extrusion). Foram feitos ensaios utilizando como material para confecção dos corpos de prova o alumínio AA6351 e variando três situações de lubrificação: teflon, grafite e ensaios sem lubrificação. Para o DCE foi desenvolvido o projeto e fabricação do ferramental, permitindo variar punções de duas dimensões diferentes. Os resultados obtidos nos experimentos com cada uma das técnicas foram comparados e apresentados, traçando-se um paralelo do atrito verificado, bem como o comportamento do material em relação às ferramentas utilizadas nos experimentos e as variações de lubrificação. / This work aims to study the friction coefficients obtained by the ring test, which is one of the classic methods for verification and characterization of friction, compared with DCE (Double Cup Extrusion). The tests were made using as material for preparation of specimens, the aluminum AA6351 and varying three situations lubrication, Teflon, graphite and tests without lubrication. For DCE was developed the design and manufacture of tooling, allowing vary punctures in two differ dimensions. The results obtained in the experiments with each of the techniques have been compared and shown by drawing a parallel scanned the friction and the material behavior in relation to the tools used in the experiments and lubrication changes.

La connaissance et la maîtrise de la présence d’un biofilm représentent aujourd’hui un challenge important. Dans le contexte d’étude des capacités de développement des biofilms, BioFilm Control fait figure de pionnier grâce à leur test nommé Biofilm Ring Test. Basé sur une sollicitation du biofilm via l’attraction, par un aimant, de microbilles magnétiques au centre du puits, le test évalue la présence de biofilm par l’absence de regroupement des billes au centre du puits à un instant donné. L’enjeu de ce travail est de décliner le BioFilm Ring Test® en un examen dynamique, non destructif et à l’échelle microscopique. Dans le biofilm, la matrice polymérique assure la cohésion entre cellules et confère une protection aux bactéries qui vivent au sein du biofilm. Les propriétés mécaniques de la matrice sont donc un indicateur de l’état local du biofilm. La recherche de ces paramètres permet de pouvoir prédire et contrôler la formation, l’accumulation et la dissémination de bactéries propageant les infections et/ou l’encrassement. Néanmoins, la détermination des propriétés mécaniques des biofilms nécessite des précautions et l’usage d’un vocabulaire homogénéisé et de méthodes unifiées au sein de la communauté. Pour cela, une première partie de ce travail de thèse consiste en la proposition d’un guide de bonnes pratiques quant à la caractérisation mécanique du matériau biofilm. Dans la deuxième partie de ce travail de thèse, une méthodologie pour le suivi de particules micrométriques au sein d’un matériau vivant est développée. Le recours à des techniques d’imagerie telle que la corrélation d’images numériques permet de remonter à la cinématique du mouvement de chacune des microbilles, qui servent de marqueurs au sein des images traitées, par une mesure sans contact. Cette méthode est ensuite appliquée à l’étude de la formation de biofilm. L’originalité de ce travail repose sur la caractérisation de l’évolution de la typologie du mouvement des microbilles métalliques lors de la formation des biofilms. Il s’agit là de discriminer des comportements de billes révélateurs de la genèse d’un biofilm. En tirant parti de l’observation du mouvement de microbilles inertes introduites dans le milieu bactérien, on détecte des changements de typologies de trajectoires qui semblent être reliés à l’activité de bactéries sessiles, adhésion ou formation de matériel extracellulaire. Les résultats montrent que les diverses étapes de la formation de biofilms sont caractérisées, ce qui permet notamment de discriminer la présence ou non d’antibiotiques mélangés avec les bactéries et d’apprécier leur efficacité. Dans une dernière partie, des recherches encore en phase de développement sont exposées. Elles s’intéressent au comportement du biofilm sous sollicitation volumique. Il s’agit dans ce cas d’observer le biofilm en champ lointain et de suivre le déplacement ou la déformation d’un marquage constitué d’un agglomérat de microbilles, plongées dans un champ magnétique. Ces premiers travaux pourront servir d’ébauche à des travaux futurs dans le but de caractériser quantitativement le matériau biofilm. / The control of biofilm formation constitutes an important challenge in many industrial and biomedical applications. In this context, BioFilm Control is a pioneer thanks to its test named BioFilm Ring Test. Based on the immobilisation of magnetic microbeads by adherent cells, the assay allows to detect the presence of biofilm at a given time. The aim of this phD project is to translate the BioFilm Ring Test® into a dynamic, non-destructive and microscopic examination of the biofilm state. Whithin the biofilm, the matrix provides a strong cohesion between cells and therefore increases their resistance against chemical or mechanical stress in comparison to their planktonic counterparts. The mechanical properties of the matrix are therefore an indicator of the local state of the biofilm. The search for these parameters makes it possible to predict and control the formation, accumulation and spread of bacteria that propagate infections and/or biofouling. Nevertheless, the determination of the mechanical properties of biofilms requires precautions and the use of an homogenized vocabulary and methods that are unified within the community. To this end, a first part of this thesis work consists in proposing a guide of good practices for the mechanical characterization of biofilm material. In the second part of this work, a methodology for tracking of micrometric particles within a living material is developed. The use of full field measurement method such as digital image correlation makes it possible to trace the kinematics of the motion of each particle, which is a probe of the local environment. This method is then applied to the study of the biofilm formation, by non-contact measurement. The originality of this work is based on the characterization of the change in the microbeads movement during the biofilm formation steps. The aim is to discriminate bead behaviours that reveal the genesis of a biofilm. By taking advantage of the observation of the movement of inert microbeads embedded into the bacterial environment, we detect changes of type of trajectories which seem to be correlated to the activity of sessiles bacteria, adhesion or formation of extracellular material. The results show that the various stages of the biofilm formation are characterized by a non-destructive test. Especially, It allows to appreciate the efficiency of an antibiotic. In the last part, research still in a development phase is presented. It concerns the behaviour of biofilm under mechanical solicitation. This involves observing the biofilm in the far field and following the displacement or deformation of a pattern consisting of an agglomerate of microbeads immersed in a magnetic field. This initial work can be used as a draft for future work to quantitatively characterize the biofilm material.

Les patients mucoviscidosiques sont prédisposés à une colonisation chronique de l’arbre bronchique par P. aeruginosa. Ce pathogène opportuniste se caractérise par sa capacité à adhérer à une surface et à y former un biofilm protecteur, hautement tolérant aux agents antimicrobiens. En routine, les antibiogrammes sont effectués sur des cultures bactériennes planctoniques. L’efficacité des antibiothérapies ainsi sélectionnées est donc peu probante pour l’éradication des biofilms bactériens. La réalisation d’Antibiofilmogrammes® sur des isolats cliniques mucoviscidosiques (nouvel outil évaluant la sensibilité des bactéries sessiles aux antibiotiques) a permis de mettre en évidence des phénomènes d’inhibition et d’induction de la formation du biofilm. Plus précisément, les aminosides sont capables de retarder l’adhérence bactérienne. À l’inverse, la famille des β-lactamines présente la capacité de stimuler l’adhésion précoce des micro-organismes. Ces différents effets de l’antibiothérapie générale sur le comportement microbien se vérifient par l’intermédiaire de techniques conventionnelles in vitro (Cristal Violet, traitement enzymatique à la DNase I) et cellulaires (modèle de co-culture statique cellules eucaryotes/bactéries). La pertinence clinique de l’Antibiofilmogramme® se confirme donc par sa capacité à détecter l’initiation précoce de l’adhésion bactérienne, à sélectionner les molécules l’inhibant et à écarter celles pouvant l’induire. Associée aux antibiogrammes traditionnels, son application peu permettre d’affiner les stratégies thérapeutiques pour le traitement des infections pulmonaires chroniques développées au cours de la mucoviscidose. / Cystic fibrosis (CF) patients are predisposed to chronic colonisation of the upper airways by P. aeruginosa. This opportunist pathogen is characterized by its ability to adhere to a surface and to form a protective biofilm, which is highly tolerant to antimicrobials. In routine, antibiograms are realised on planktonic bacterial cultures. The efficacy of the corresponding antimicrobial therapies appears low for the eradication of bacterial biofilms. The realisation of Antibiofilmograms® on CF clinical isolates (a new tool investigating the susceptibility of sessile bacteria to antibiotics) highlighted phenomena of biofilm formation inhibition and induction. More precisely, aminoglycosides are able to delay the bacterial adherence. Conversely, the β-lactam family shows the ability to stimulate the early adhesion of microorganisms. These different effects of antimicrobials on the bacterial behaviour are confirmed with more conventional in vitro methods (Crystal Violet, enzymatic treatment with DNase I) and a cell model (static co-culture of eukaryotic cells and bacteria). The clinical relevance of the Antibiofilmogram® is reinforced by its ability to detect the initiation of the early bacterial adhesion, to select inhibitor molecules and to avoid the inducer ones. Associated to traditional antibiograms, its application should be pertinent to optimise the CF therapies for the treatment of chronic lung infections.

O ensaio do anel consiste na compressão de uma amostra em formato de anel com as proporções 6:3:2 (diâmetro externo; diâmetro interno; altura) que foi deformada em sua altura. Neste trabalho realizaram-se ensaios de compressão de anel para três ordens de grandeza de velocidades de deformação: 3,00; 0,30; 0,03 mm/s, e dois graus de redução na altura: 20% e 50%. Os ensaios foram realizados em duas condições, uma na qual os ensaios sucessivos foram realizados na mesma posição da ferramenta sem polimento da mesma e outra na qual entre ensaios consecutivos, as ferramentas foram polidas recuperando sua condição superficial inicial. Para cada condição ensaiada sobre superfície polida foram realizadas 10 réplicas. Para ensaios sobre superfície sem polimento intermediário foram realizadas 10 compressões de anéis consecutivas. As ferramentas foram fabricadas de aço ferramenta e os corpos de prova, anéis, em aço SAE 1020 nas dimensões 18 x 9 x 6 mm (raio externo, raio interno e altura). Nas observações das superfícies de trabalho bem como das microestruturas foi utilizado microscópio óptico e microscópio eletrônico de varredura. Para os ensaios com polimento das ferramentas entre ensaios observou-se que: a) A elevação da redução de altura não resultou na variação do coeficiente de atrito para as três velocidades estudadas. b) Para 50% de deformação a elevação da velocidade resultou numa pequena, porém significativa redução do coeficiente de atrito. Para os ensaios sem polimento intermediário das ferramentas observou-se que: a) O aumento da redução de altura elevou significativamente o valor do coeficiente de atrito para as três velocidades estudadas. b) Para 20% de deformação a elevação da velocidade resultou numa pequena, porém significativa redução do coeficiente de atrito. A análise da superfície das ferramentas mostrou qualitativamente que nos ensaios sem polimento intermediário das ferramentas realizados com 50% de deformação a adesão do material do anel sobre a ferramenta era maior do que para os ensaios realizados com 20%. Atribuiu-se a elevação do coeficiente de atrito em relação aos ensaios com polimento intermediário das ferramentas à adesão de material. / The test consists of the compression of a ring-shaped sample in the proportion of 6:3:2 (outer diameter; inner diameter; thickness) that was deformed along its height. Ring compression tests were performed with conformation speed in three orders of magnitude: 3,00; 0,30; 0,03 mm/s, and two height reduction degrees: 20% and 50%. The experiments were performed in two different conditions: one in which successive tests were performed in the same tool position without polishing it, and another in which the tools were polished between successive tests, recovering its surfaces initial condition. The test under the polished surface condition was repeated 10 times. For the test of surfaces without intermediate polishing, 10 consecutive ring compressions were performed. The dies were made of High Speed Steel and the specimens were made of SAE 1020 steel with dimensions of 18 x 9 x 6 mm (outer radius, inner radius and thickness). The working surface and the microstructures were analyzed with optical microscope and scanning electron microscope. The tests with intermediate tool polishing presented the following results: a) an increase in the height reduction degree did not result in variation of the friction coefficient in the three studied conformation speed. b) In the tests with 50% of height reduction degree, an increase in the conformation speed resulted in a small but significant decrease in the friction coefficient. The tests without intermediate tool polishing showed that: a) an increase in the height reduction degree significantly increased the friction coefficient for the three studied conformation speed. b) In the tests with 20% of height reduction degree, an increase in the conformation speed resulted in a small but significant decrease in the friction coefficient. The qualitative analysis of the tool surface showed that in the tests without intermediate tool polishing performed with 50% of deformation, the adhesion of ring material on the tool was greater than in the tests with 20% of deformation. The increase in the friction coefficient in relation to the tests with intermediate polishing was attributed to adhesion of material.

Modified Ring specimens are of the shape of discs having a hole inside and flattened ends. These specimens are used for determination of Mode I fracture toughness. Finite element program, named ABAQUS, is used for numerical modeling for finding stress intensity factors. Varying disc geometries were used for the experiments and numerical modeling in which size of the flat ends, radius of the hole inside, and external radius of the specimen were varied. Experiments were done by using pink Ankara andesite. Effects of internal hole radius, external disc radius and size of the flat ends on both stress intensity factor and fracture toughness were studied. In order to compare the results, fracture tests with semi-circular specimens under three point bending (SCB) were also performed. From a similar previous study, fracture toughness values of gray andesite were recalculated and compared to the fracture toughness values of pink andesite for varying geometrical factors. Size effect studies were performed as well for varying diameter of core specimens.Fracture toughness values of andesite were found to increase with increasing specimen size. Fracture toughness of 100 mm specimens was determined as 1.11&plusmn / 0.07 MPa&amp / #8730 / m, whereas fracture toughness of 75 mm specimens was 0.96&plusmn / 0.08 MPa&amp / #8730 / m. 100 mm or larger diameter specimens were suggested for the fracture toughness determination with the modified ring tests.

Resumo: O estudo teve por objetivo determinar a prevalência da brucelose bovina entre fornecedores de leite de um laticínio situado no Município de Itirapuã, Estado de São Paulo, analisar fatores de risco eventualmente associados à ocorrência de brucelose nos rebanhos estudados e analisar o desempenho de testes sorológicos para detectar a infecção. De uma população de 942 bovinos adultos distribuídos em 55 rebanhos, situados nos municípios de Itirapuã e de Patrocínio Paulista, foi obtida uma amostra voluntária composta por 813 animais, distribuídos em 37 rebanhos cujos proprietários aceitaram participar do estudo. Foi aplicado um questionário, para a obtenção de informações sobre fatores que pudessem estar associados às taxas de prevalência. Foram colhidas amostras de soro sanguíneo de todos animais, as quais foram submetidas ao teste do antígeno acidificado tamponado (AAT), e as amostras positivas nesse teste foram submetidas à reação de fixação de complemento (RFC). Foram obtidas amostras de leite do conjunto de cada rebanho participante do estudo, que foram examinadas pelo teste do anel do leite (TAL). Das 813 amostras de soro sanguíneo colhidas, 26 (3,2%) resultaram positivas na aplicação em série dos testes de triagem (AAT) e confirmatório (RFC), e das 37 propriedades estudadas, 12 (32,4%) apresentaram pelo menos um animal positivo. Os fatores que se mostraram associados à ocorrência de brucelose foram número de animais no rebanho, não utilização da vacina B19 e compra frequente de animais. Não se observou boa concordância entre o TAL, que apontou resultado positivo em quatro (10,8%) dos 37 rebanhos, e os testes sorológicos individuais na detecção de rebanhos infectados / Abstract:The aim of this investigation was to verify the prevalence of bovine brucellosis among milk suppliers of a dairy industry located in the municipality of Itirapuã, state of São Paulo, Brazil, analyze risk factors eventually associated with the occurrence of brucellosis among the herds involved in the study, and compare the performance of serological tests in detecting infected herds. From a population of 942 adult cattle in 55 herds, in the municipalities of Itirapuã and Patrocínio Paulista, a voluntary sample of 813 animals was obtained in 37 herds whose owners agreed in participating in the study. A questionnaire about risk factors that could be associated to the prevalence rates was applied. Serum samples of all the 813 animals were collected and tested by the rose Bengal plate test (RBPT); positive samples were then tested by the complement fixation test (CFT). Milk samples were taken from each can at the industry and tested by the milk ring test (MRT). Of the 813 serum samples, 26 (3.2) tested positive in the serial application of RBPT and CFT, and of the 37 herds, 12 (32.4%) had at least one positive animal. Factors that showed association with the prevalence rate were number of animals in the herd, lack of vaccination with strain 19 and frequent introduction of animals. The agreement between individual serological tests and MRT to detect infected herds was not good, since MRT showed positive results in only four (10.8%) of the 37 herds / Orientador: Luis Antônio Mathias / Coorientador: Iucif Abraão Nascif Junior / Banca: Ângela Cleusa de Fátima Banzatto de Carvalho / Banca: Fernanda Senter Magajevski / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-10-07Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:55:40Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 medeiros_mab_me_jabo.pdf: 498854 bytes, checksum: 73074b86ac0db45184c33210013d1ef4 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O estudo teve por objetivo determinar a prevalência da brucelose bovina entre fornecedores de leite de um laticínio situado no Município de Itirapuã, Estado de São Paulo, analisar fatores de risco eventualmente associados à ocorrência de brucelose nos rebanhos estudados e analisar o desempenho de testes sorológicos para detectar a infecção. De uma população de 942 bovinos adultos distribuídos em 55 rebanhos, situados nos municípios de Itirapuã e de Patrocínio Paulista, foi obtida uma amostra voluntária composta por 813 animais, distribuídos em 37 rebanhos cujos proprietários aceitaram participar do estudo. Foi aplicado um questionário, para a obtenção de informações sobre fatores que pudessem estar associados às taxas de prevalência. Foram colhidas amostras de soro sanguíneo de todos animais, as quais foram submetidas ao teste do antígeno acidificado tamponado (AAT), e as amostras positivas nesse teste foram submetidas à reação de fixação de complemento (RFC). Foram obtidas amostras de leite do conjunto de cada rebanho participante do estudo, que foram examinadas pelo teste do anel do leite (TAL). Das 813 amostras de soro sanguíneo colhidas, 26 (3,2%) resultaram positivas na aplicação em série dos testes de triagem (AAT) e confirmatório (RFC), e das 37 propriedades estudadas, 12 (32,4%) apresentaram pelo menos um animal positivo. Os fatores que se mostraram associados à ocorrência de brucelose foram número de animais no rebanho, não utilização da vacina B19 e compra frequente de animais. Não se observou boa concordância entre o TAL, que apontou resultado positivo em quatro (10,8%) dos 37 rebanhos, e os testes sorológicos individuais na detecção de rebanhos infectados / The aim of this investigation was to verify the prevalence of bovine brucellosis among milk suppliers of a dairy industry located in the municipality of Itirapuã, state of São Paulo, Brazil, analyze risk factors eventually associated with the occurrence of brucellosis among the herds involved in the study, and compare the performance of serological tests in detecting infected herds. From a population of 942 adult cattle in 55 herds, in the municipalities of Itirapuã and Patrocínio Paulista, a voluntary sample of 813 animals was obtained in 37 herds whose owners agreed in participating in the study. A questionnaire about risk factors that could be associated to the prevalence rates was applied. Serum samples of all the 813 animals were collected and tested by the rose Bengal plate test (RBPT); positive samples were then tested by the complement fixation test (CFT). Milk samples were taken from each can at the industry and tested by the milk ring test (MRT). Of the 813 serum samples, 26 (3.2) tested positive in the serial application of RBPT and CFT, and of the 37 herds, 12 (32.4%) had at least one positive animal. Factors that showed association with the prevalence rate were number of animals in the herd, lack of vaccination with strain 19 and frequent introduction of animals. The agreement between individual serological tests and MRT to detect infected herds was not good, since MRT showed positive results in only four (10.8%) of the 37 herds

O ensaio do anel consiste na compressão de uma amostra em formato de anel com as proporções 6:3:2 (diâmetro externo; diâmetro interno; altura) que foi deformada em sua altura. Neste trabalho realizaram-se ensaios de compressão de anel para três ordens de grandeza de velocidades de deformação: 3,00; 0,30; 0,03 mm/s, e dois graus de redução na altura: 20% e 50%. Os ensaios foram realizados em duas condições, uma na qual os ensaios sucessivos foram realizados na mesma posição da ferramenta sem polimento da mesma e outra na qual entre ensaios consecutivos, as ferramentas foram polidas recuperando sua condição superficial inicial. Para cada condição ensaiada sobre superfície polida foram realizadas 10 réplicas. Para ensaios sobre superfície sem polimento intermediário foram realizadas 10 compressões de anéis consecutivas. As ferramentas foram fabricadas de aço ferramenta e os corpos de prova, anéis, em aço SAE 1020 nas dimensões 18 x 9 x 6 mm (raio externo, raio interno e altura). Nas observações das superfícies de trabalho bem como das microestruturas foi utilizado microscópio óptico e microscópio eletrônico de varredura. Para os ensaios com polimento das ferramentas entre ensaios observou-se que: a) A elevação da redução de altura não resultou na variação do coeficiente de atrito para as três velocidades estudadas. b) Para 50% de deformação a elevação da velocidade resultou numa pequena, porém significativa redução do coeficiente de atrito. Para os ensaios sem polimento intermediário das ferramentas observou-se que: a) O aumento da redução de altura elevou significativamente o valor do coeficiente de atrito para as três velocidades estudadas. b) Para 20% de deformação a elevação da velocidade resultou numa pequena, porém significativa redução do coeficiente de atrito. A análise da superfície das ferramentas mostrou qualitativamente que nos ensaios sem polimento intermediário das ferramentas realizados com 50% de deformação a adesão do material do anel sobre a ferramenta era maior do que para os ensaios realizados com 20%. Atribuiu-se a elevação do coeficiente de atrito em relação aos ensaios com polimento intermediário das ferramentas à adesão de material. / The test consists of the compression of a ring-shaped sample in the proportion of 6:3:2 (outer diameter; inner diameter; thickness) that was deformed along its height. Ring compression tests were performed with conformation speed in three orders of magnitude: 3,00; 0,30; 0,03 mm/s, and two height reduction degrees: 20% and 50%. The experiments were performed in two different conditions: one in which successive tests were performed in the same tool position without polishing it, and another in which the tools were polished between successive tests, recovering its surfaces initial condition. The test under the polished surface condition was repeated 10 times. For the test of surfaces without intermediate polishing, 10 consecutive ring compressions were performed. The dies were made of High Speed Steel and the specimens were made of SAE 1020 steel with dimensions of 18 x 9 x 6 mm (outer radius, inner radius and thickness). The working surface and the microstructures were analyzed with optical microscope and scanning electron microscope. The tests with intermediate tool polishing presented the following results: a) an increase in the height reduction degree did not result in variation of the friction coefficient in the three studied conformation speed. b) In the tests with 50% of height reduction degree, an increase in the conformation speed resulted in a small but significant decrease in the friction coefficient. The tests without intermediate tool polishing showed that: a) an increase in the height reduction degree significantly increased the friction coefficient for the three studied conformation speed. b) In the tests with 20% of height reduction degree, an increase in the conformation speed resulted in a small but significant decrease in the friction coefficient. The qualitative analysis of the tool surface showed that in the tests without intermediate tool polishing performed with 50% of deformation, the adhesion of ring material on the tool was greater than in the tests with 20% of deformation. The increase in the friction coefficient in relation to the tests with intermediate polishing was attributed to adhesion of material.