Spelling suggestions: "subject:"risk behaviors"" "subject:"risk hehaviors""
41 |
PrEP Initiation as a Predictor of Alcohol-Related Sexual Risk Among Young Men Who Have Sex with MenHayden, Emma R 01 January 2023 (has links) (PDF)
HIV infection is a significant public health concern, particularly among young men who have sex with men (YMSM). Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly effective in preventing HIV infection among YMSM when taken as prescribed. However, there may be unintended behavioral consequences associated with PrEP initiation, with previous studies finding associations between PrEP use and increased sexual risk behaviors such as condomless anal sex (CAS). Further, problematic alcohol use, to which YMSM are particularly vulnerable, may also play a role in increasing sexual risk as engaging in sexual behaviors while under the influence of alcohol has been associated with CAS and other sexual risk behaviors. Previous literature has proposed risk compensation theory as a basis for this change in sexual risk behaviors following PrEP initiation. However, results have been mixed, and fewer studies have examined risk compensation specifically among YMSM or explored the role of alcohol-related sexual behaviors in this relationship. The present study aims to examine risk compensation theory as a mechanism for the relationship between PrEP initiation and alcohol-related sexual behaviors among YMSM. We hypothesized that the trajectory of PrEP initiation would be positively associated with alcohol-related sexual behaviors across 18 months. Consistent with hypothesis, a combined latent difference score and latent trajectory model revealed a positive association between PrEP initiation and alcohol-related sexual behaviors between baseline and 18-month follow-up in a sample of YMSM. These results are consistent with previous research identifying a high-risk period following PrEP initiation among an already vulnerable group (YMSM), with implications for risk assessment and interventions targeting alcohol-related sexual behaviors among YMSM. This study also highlights the role of alcohol use in increasing sexual risk following PrEP initiation. Findings may aid in reducing adverse sexual outcomes among YMSM who initiate PrEP and ultimately contribute to the minimization of sexual health disparities among YMSM.
|
42 |
Middle School Education in Music Media Literacy Could Combat the Potential Negative Effects of Exposure to Sexual Content in MusicMihalache, Stephanie B 01 January 2020 (has links)
The current study focused on examining the relationship between music media literacy and middle school students. The goal of the study was to bring awareness towards adding music media literacy in the middle school curriculum; in order to further educate middle school students on the potential negative effects of popular music on their attitudes and behaviors, help middle school students understand the processes involved in the creation of popular music, and help middle school students understand how popular music can reflect and impact society as a whole. Participants (n=20) were selected through social media ads, ads posted on listservs, and word of mouth. A series of analyses were conducted in SPSS to find any difference in how participants viewed music based on demographic factors. Results showed the students view the lyrics in music to be from real-life scenarios, such as sexualization, sexual activity, substance abuse, violence and aggression. As well, participants showed to view music as a portrayal of both men and women factually in the real-world. These findings support the need for music media literacy in middle school curriculum.
Keywords : sexualization, high risk-behaviors, real-life scenarios
|
43 |
Evaluation of HIV-risk behaviors of Puerto Rican women with severe mental illness in Cuyahoga County, OhioHeaphy, Emily Lenore Goldman 21 July 2009 (has links)
No description available.
|
44 |
How childhood abuse impacts risk for HIV: The mediational role of PTSD and adult sexual assaultStines, Lisa R. 27 July 2005 (has links)
No description available.
|
45 |
LIFE STRESS, APPROACH COPING, AND HEALTH-RISK BEHAVIORS IN TAIWANESEPerng, Shoa-Jen 16 September 2002 (has links)
No description available.
|
46 |
Sex Education and Faith: Implications for the Black ChurchWiley, Debra T. 09 August 2010 (has links)
No description available.
|
47 |
IDENTIFICATION OF SEXUAL RISK BEHAVIORS AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS: A NEW MEASURE OF SEXUAL RISKTurchik, Jessica A. 20 April 2007 (has links)
No description available.
|
48 |
Testing the Reinforcer Pathology Theory: A New Insight into Novel Targets for Drug AddictionAthamneh, Liqa 17 December 2019 (has links)
Despite decades of effort in developing evidence-based treatments, drug addiction remains one of the most problematic and enduring public health crises. Developing a new generation of theoretically-derived interventions constitutes an important clinical and scientific gap that, if addressed, may open innovative treatment opportunities. Based on the Reinforcer Pathology theory, altering the temporal window over which reinforcers are integrated (i.e., measured by delay discounting) would alter drug valuation and consumption. The first investigation—in 2 separate studies— test the Reinforcer Pathology theory by examining the effect of expanding and constricting the temporal window of integration using two mating narratives (long-term and short-term relationships, respectively) on cigarette valuation among cigarette smokers. The second investigation, test the Reinforcer Pathology theory by assessing the effect of remotely delivered Episodic Future Thinking (EFT) narratives (expands the temporal window) on real-world alcohol consumption among individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD). Together, these investigations supported the Reinforcer Pathology theory and demonstrated its relevance for understanding and intervening in addiction. The current findings provide scientific justification to further investigate Reinforcer Pathology based interventions that expand the temporal window to change drug valuation and consumption. The construction of multi-component treatments that incorporate Reinforcer Pathology based interventions to systematically alter the temporal window may provide a novel intervention to reduce alcohol consumption. / Doctor of Philosophy / The following studies provide evidence that altering the temporal widow (how far in the future one can imagine and integrate into the present) would alter drug valuation. In the following studies, we used narratives describing long-term or short-term mating relationships (Study 1) and Episodic Future Thinking (EFT; represents one's capability to pre-experience the future; Study 2) to alter the valuation of cigarettes and alcohol, respectively. In the first study, cigarette smokers who read and vividly imagined long-term romance relationship narrative (expands the temporal window) valued cigarettes less than control (imagined looking for a lost key). In contrast, those who read and vividly imagined a short-term sexual encounter (shortens the temporal window) valued cigarettes more than controls. The second study employed EFT (expands the temporal window) as a strategy to reduce alcohol consumption, in real-world settings, over two weeks in individuals with alcohol use disorder. The study found that expanding the temporal window using EFT reduced alcohol consumption. Together, these two studies provide support to employing interventions that extend the temporal window to change drug valuation and consumption. The construction of multi-component treatments that incorporate interventions expanding the temporal window may reduce drug consumption.
|
49 |
Risky Decision-Making Under Social InfluenceOrloff, Mark Andrew 15 September 2021 (has links)
Risky decision-making and social influence are associated with many health-risk behaviors. However, more work is necessary to understand risky decision-making and social influence. Additionally, to begin identifying ways to change individuals' engagement in health-risk behaviors, more work is necessary to understand whether and how risky decision-making and social influence can be modulated. Using computational modeling in conjunction with other techniques, this dissertation 1) explores mechanisms underlying risky decision-making under social influence (Study 1) and 2) examines how individuals could modulate risky decision-making and social influence (Studies 2 and 3). Study 1 identifies a novel social heuristic decision-making process whereby individuals who are more uncertain about risky decisions follow others and proposes dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) as a 'controller' of this heuristic. Study 2 finds that giving individuals agency in viewing social information increases the utility of that information. Study 3 finds that some individuals can modulate brain patterns associated with risky decision-making using a real-time fMRI (rt-fMRI) neurofeedback paradigm, and preliminarily shows that this leads to behavior change in risky decision-making. In sum, these studies expand on previous work elucidating mechanisms of risky decision-making under social influence and suggest two possible avenues (agency and real-time fMRI neurofeedback) by which individuals can be taught to change their behavior when making risky decisions under social influence. / Doctor of Philosophy / Risky decision-making and social influence are associated with many health-risk behaviors such as smoking and alcohol use. However, more work is necessary to understand risky decision-making and social influence. Additionally, to identify ways to change individuals' engagement in health-risk behaviors, more work is necessary to understand how risky decision-making and social influence can be changed. Here, computational modeling, a way to quantify individual's behavior, is used in a series of studies to 1) understand how individuals make risky decisions under social influence (Study 1) and 2) test ways in which individuals can be guided to change the way they respond to social influence (Study 2) and make risky decisions (Study 3). Study 1 shows that individuals who do not have strong preferences respond to social information in a different way than those who do and utilizes neuroimaging to identify a particular brain region which may be responsible for this process. Study 2 shows that individuals are more influenced by others when they ask to see their choices, as compared to passively viewing others' choices. Study 3 shows that a brain–computer interface can be used to guide individuals to change their brain activity related to risky decision-making and preliminarily demonstrates that following this training individuals change their risky decisions. Together, these studies further the field's understanding of how individuals make risky decisions under social influence and suggest avenues for behavior change in risky decision-making under social influence.
|
50 |
Applying the reasoned action approach to understanding health protection and health risk behaviorsConner, M., McEachan, Rosemary, Lawton, R., Gardner, Peter 20 February 2020 (has links)
Yes / Rationale: The Reasoned Action Approach (RAA) developed out of the Theory of Reasoned Action and Theory of
Planned Behavior but has not yet been widely applied to understanding health behaviors. The present research
employed the RAA in a prospective design to test predictions of intention and action for groups of protection and
risk behaviors separately in the same sample.
Objective: To test the RAA for health protection and risk behaviors.
Method: Measures of RAA components plus past behavior were taken in relation to eight protection and six risk
behaviors in 385 adults. Self-reported behavior was assessed one month later.
Results: Multi-level modelling showed instrumental attitude, experiential attitude, descriptive norms, capacity
and past behavior were significant positive predictors of intentions to engage in protection or risk behaviors.
Injunctive norms were only significant predictors of intention in protection behaviors. Autonomy was a significant
positive predictor of intentions in protection behaviors and a negative predictor in risk behaviors (the
latter relationship became non-significant when controlling for past behavior). Multi-level modelling showed
that intention, capacity, and past behavior were significant positive predictors of action for both protection and
risk behaviors. Experiential attitude and descriptive norm were additional significant positive predictors of risk
behaviors.
Conclusion: The RAA has utility in predicting both protection and risk health behaviors although the power of
predictors may vary across these types of health behavior. / Data collection for this research was funded by a grant from the British Academy to the first three authors.
|
Page generated in 0.0336 seconds