Thesis (masters)--Frankfurt School of Finance & Management, 2006. / Title from title screen (viewed on June 15, 2006). Includes bibliographical references.

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo examinar el efecto de las reservas internacionales en el spread soberano del Perú. Como factores adicionales que influyen en nuestra variable dependiente se han estudiado las exportaciones, saldo de cuenta corriente, términos de intercambio, IPC, tipo de cambio real, tipo de cambio nominal y bonos del tesoro de Estados Unidos. Esta investigación se realiza mediante un Modelo Vectorial de Corrección de Errores y el periodo de análisis comprende desde el 2000 al 2019. Los resultados obtenidos indican que las reservas internacionales han sido efectivas para disminuir el spread soberano en el periodo de análisis, es decir que, existe una relación inversa de largo plazo entre ambas variables, lo cual va en línea con la literatura existente. Además, se encuentra que tanto el saldo de cuenta corriente, las exportaciones, los términos de intercambio, el tipo de cambio real y los bonos del Tesoro de Estados Unidos, tienen relación de largo plazo con el spread soberano y tienen un efecto significativo y negativo sobre este. Por otro lado, la inflación tiene una relación positiva de corto y largo plazo con el EMBI. El tipo de cambio nominal no tiene significancia en el modelo. Por otro lado, los Bonos del Tesoro de Estados Unidos tienen una relación de corto plazo debido al efecto sustitución. / The main objective of this investigation is to examine the effect of international reserves on the sovereign spread of Peru. As additional factors influencing in our dependent variable, exports, current account balance, terms of trade, CPI inflation, real exchange rate, nominal exchange rate and United States Treasury bonds have been studied. This research is carried out using a Vectorial Error Correction Model and the analysis period is from 2000 to 2019. The results indicated that international reserves have been effective in reducing sovereign spread in the analysis period, it means, that there is a long-term inverse relationship between both variables, which is in line with the existing literature. Furthermore, it is found that both the current account balance, exports, terms of trade, the real exchange rate and United States Treasury bonds, have a long-term relationship with the sovereign spread and have a significant and negative effect. On the other hand, CPI inflation has a positive short and long-term relationship with EMBI. The nominal exchange rate has no significance in the model. In other hand, the United States Treasury Bonds have a positive short-term relationship with sovereign spread due to the replacement effect. / Trabajo de investigación

Introduktion: Tuberkulos är en av världens mest spridda infektionssjukdomar. En tredjedel av jordens befolkning beräknas bära på bakterien utan att vara sjuka (latent tuberkulos, LTBI). Närmare tio procent av bärarna utvecklar aktiv tuberkulos någon gång under livet. Europa har jämförelsevis låg incidens av tuberkulos och i Sverige har antalet tuberkulosfall minskat sedan mitten av 40-talet. I Sverige ses de senaste årens ökade antal migranter som en förklaring till en tillfälligt ökad prevalens av tuberkulos. Tidig diagnostik och behandling av tuberkulos är avgörande faktorer för att förhindra smittspridning och ger den enskilde individen möjlighet att hantera sin hälsa, vilket är angeläget ur ett folkhälsoperspektiv. Landstingen/regionerna har valt olika strategier för vilka som ska inkluderas i screening för tuberkulos vid hälsoundersökningar av migranter. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka prevalens och uppföljning av latent tuberkulos bland migranter som genomgått hälsoundersökning vid vårdcentraler i Region Jönköpings län. Metod: Studien var en retrospektiv observationsstudie utifrån kvantitativ ansats. Data samlades in genom journalgranskning och 361 journaler inkluderades i analyserna. Förekomst av latent och aktiv tuberkulos korrelerades med kön, ålder och ursprungsland. Resultat: Resultaten från studien visade att prevalensen av LTBI i studiepopulationen var 9.4 %. Resultaten visade att LTBI var vanligare hos män och individer > 35 år. Däremot sågs inga skillnader utifrån ursprungsland. Slutsats: Studien är av begränsad storlek och därmed generaliserbarhet. LTBI är relativt vanligt bland migranter. Ytterligare studier behövs för att identifiera optimala rutiner för screening och förebyggande insatser i migrantgruppen. / Introduction: Tuberculosis is one of the world's most widespread infectious diseases. One third of the world’s population is expected to carry the bacterium without being ill (latent tuberculosis, LTBI). Nearly ten percent of the carriers develop active tuberculosis sometime during their lifetime. Europe has a comparatively low incidence of tuberculosis and in Sweden the number of cases of tuberculosis has decreased since the mid-40s. In Sweden, the increased number of immigrants in recent years is seen as an explanation for a temporarily increased prevalence of tuberculosis. Early diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis are key factors in preventing the spread of infection and giving the individual the opportunity to manage their health, which is important from a public health perspective. The county councils/regions have chosen different strategies for whom to be included in screening for tuberculosis in health surveys of immigrants. Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence and follow-up of latent tuberculosis among immigrants who have undergone a health examination at health centers in the County of Jönköping. Method: The study was a retrospective observation study based on quantitative approach. Data was collected through journal review and 361 records were included in the analysis. The presence of latent and active tuberculosis was correlated with gender, age and country of origin. Results: The results of the study showed that the prevalence of LTBI in the study population was 9.4%. The results showed that LTBI was more common in men and individuals > 35 years. However, no differences were seen by country of origin. Conclusion: The study is of limited size and thus generalisability. LTBI is relatively common among immigrants. Further studies are needed to identify optimal routines for screening and preventive measures in the immigrant group.