China’s civil nuclear power programme is a sensitive topic which has seldom been researched by social or political scientists inside or outside of China. In the past, public participation activities in relation to nuclear power issues in China were rare. However, in 2005, when the central government decided to promote civil nuclear development and build 40 more nuclear reactors within the next 20 years, the public started to become aware of the potential environmental risks that might be caused by nuclear power sites. Based on six months of ethnographic fieldwork conducted between 2007-2008, this thesis represents the first in-depth study of local people’s ways of participation concerning a potential inland nuclear power project in China. It provides rich empirical materials to illustrate local people’s differing perceptions of nuclear power and its risks. The thesis reviews developments in the sociological theorisation of ‘risk’ and, by bringing this body of literature into dialogue with the empirical case study, explores its possibilities and limitations as a means of understanding the social construction of risk in contemporary China. In exploring the social, cultural and political context of risk construction, it illustrates how political power and social status influence local people’s participation in nuclear power issues. It also demonstrates that citizens’ growing environmental risk awareness helps to create space within which they can make their voices heard and, simultaneously, that generating open spaces for people to express their opinions helps to shape their awareness of environmental risk. The central conclusion of the analysis is that, in the context of Chinese society political power, by which I mean policy makers’ ideology and all levels of governments, plays a particularly crucial role in the definition, management and governance of nuclear risk.

The diploma thesis is focused on the analysis and evaluation of risks in the introducing of new drug in the case of unexpected mass infections from the point of view of black swans. This thesis acquaints itself with the current state of the problematics, explains the terminology and meaning of black swans and gives examples of biological black swans. On the basis of the analysis and the available informations is proposed a risk assessment approach together with proposals how to reduce or eliminate possible risks.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(地球環境学) / 甲第19875号 / 地環博第149号 / 新制||地環||30(附属図書館) / 32911 / 京都大学大学院地球環境学舎地球環境学専攻 / (主査)教授 藤井 滋穂, 教授 岡﨑 健二, 准教授 西前 出 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Global Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DFAM

Strategic Management cycle consist of strategic planning, implementation, monitoring, evaluation and review of strategy. Strategy implementation has thus become the most significant management challenge. Yang et al. (2010) claim that although formulating a consistent strategy is a difficult task for any management team, making that strategy work and implementing it throughout the organisation is even more difficult. Yang further argues that Strategy implementation has been recorded as a key challenge for today’s organisations. According to Gurowitz (2008, there is evidence which shows that less than 10 percent of strategies formulated are effectively executed. Hrebiniak (2005) advances that; failure in organisations to effectively execute strategies is often as a result of limitation in linking organisational goals with objectives (operations). There are many other factors that influence the success of strategy implementation, ranging from the people who communicate or implement the strategy, to the systems or mechanisms in place for co-ordination. Brynard (2005) asserts that strategy implementation is equally challenging for management in Government departments, given that efforts of Government are aimed at improving service delivery. Poor strategy implementation is linked to poor service delivery. It is also worth noting that whilst implementation is acknowledged as a challenge, joint planning and joint implementation policies and strategies experience even a greater challenge in their implementation According to Young (2006), Debra and Yeates (2008), strategy implementation is in itself a risk because of its impact on the processes, people, and the systems. Strategy implementation is thus considered one of the main risk factors in organisations. In concurring with this view, Lorenzi et al. (2008) proposes that, strategy implementation implies change, and therefore poses risk to the processes, the people and the systems.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:21:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Etiene Maria Bosco Breviglieri.pdf: 1711543 bytes, checksum: 47b9fab6e0f761d6c41b276e86544ab5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-27 / This study presents a comparative analysis of the risk of development as exclusion of liability in different jurisdictions. For this purpose, includes the main concepts and ideas advocated by the sociologist Ulrich Beck has called that today's society as "risk society". Within this paper presents a legal analysis of the text of the European Directive n. 374 of 1985 on the effects of their adoption by different member states of the European Community as a starting point for further reflections on the possible inclusion of the risk of development as excluding liability in our civil or consumerist law. It also includes reflections of new technologies and their interaction with the risk of development in order to confirm their applicability or not with nanotechnology and genetic manipulation. Due to the continued appearance of innovative technologies whose risks cannot be predicted and calculated the work points to the use of the principle of precaution and prevention to control risks from new technologies. Finally, it also brings two proposals of lege ferenda that address the risk of development planning in our civil and consumer in promoting the discussing of possibility of additions to the theme of the Civil Code and the Code of Consumer Protection / O presente trabalho apresenta uma análise comparada do risco do desenvolvimento como excludente de responsabilidade civil em diferentes ordenamentos. Para isso, inclui como conceitos primordiais as idéias defendidas pelo sociólogo Ulrich Beck que denominou a sociedade atual como sociedade do risco . No âmbito jurídico este trabalho apresenta uma análise do texto da Diretiva Européia n. 374 de 1985 apontando os efeitos de sua adoção por diferentes estados membros da Comunidade Européia como ponto de partida para posteriores reflexões sobre a possível inserção do risco de desenvolvimento como excludente de responsabilidade seja em nosso ordenamento civil ou na legislação consumerista. Inclui ainda o presente estudo reflexões sobre as novas tecnologias e sua interação com o risco de desenvolvimento no intuito de comprovar sua aplicabilidade ou não a nanotecnologia e a manipulação genética. Em virtude do aparecimento constante de tecnologias inovadoras cujos riscos não podem ser previstos e calculados o trabalho aponta a utilização do princípio da precaução e da prevenção para controle dos riscos inerentes às novas tecnologias. Por fim, traz ainda duas propostas de lege ferenda que abordam o tema do risco de desenvolvimento em nosso ordenamento no âmbito civil e consumerista promovendo o debate sobre possíveis inclusões do tema no Código Civil e no Código de Defesa do Consumidor

For over three decades, amphibian populations have been declining across the globe. Emerging infectious diseases are responsible for some of these declines. Ranaviruses have caused die-offs in wild amphibian populations on 4 continents, in 5 Canadian provinces, and in over 25 U.S. states. In order to understand host-pathogen dynamics, it is critical to establish baseline information on species susceptibility and the effects of natural stressors. The goal of my thesis research was to quantify the effects of anuran development and exposure to invertebrate predators on species-specific susceptibility to ranavirus. My experiments were designed in factorial arrangements, and consisted of exposure to ranavirus during different developmental stages or with and without predator cues in a controlled environment. I found that exposure to invertebrate predator cues did not increase susceptibility to ranavirus for 4 anuran species tested. Susceptibility differed among embryo, hatchling, larval and metamorph stages, but trends differed among species and did not follow predictions based on Xenopus laevis immune function. Low susceptibility during the embryo stage was the only consistent development result among species, perhaps owing to protective qualities of the vitelline membrane or mucoidal capsules surrounding the embryo. Across 7 anuran species tested, mean mortality rates ranged from 5 – 100%, with Lithobates sylvaticus and Scaphiopus holbrookii most susceptible. I found that infection rates and viral load were correlated with mortality rates, thus these variables are good indicators of susceptibility to ranavirus. My results indicate that ranaviruses can cause catastrophic natural mortality in some anuran species, and likely play a significant role in local population dynamics. For highly susceptible species, ranaviruses could cause local extirpations that lead to species declines. More information is needed on the role of natural (e.g., co-infection, competition) and anthropogenic stressors in driving ranavirus epizootic events. I encourage natural resource agencies to initiate ranavirus surveillance programs, especially for rare species and fragmented populations. Future studies should take an immunogenetic approach to identifying mechanisms driving susceptibility. Identifying mechanisms associated with ranavirus emergence is fundamental to developing science-based conservation strategies.