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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Analýza a mapování vazebných míst regulátorů genové exprese u streptomycet. / Analysis and mapping of binding sites of gene expression regulators in the genus of Streptomyces.

Šmídová, Klára January 2020 (has links)
Streptomyces are medically important soil-living bacteria that undergo morphological changes from spores to aerial hyphae and are important producers of bioactive compounds including antibiotics. Their gene expression is tightly regulated at the early level of transcription and translation. In the transcriptional control, sigma factors play a central role; the model organism Streptomyces coelicolor possesses astonishing 65 sigma factors. The expression of sigma factors themselves is controlled on the post-transcriptional level through the action of sRNAs that modify their mRNA level. However, only several sigma factors in Streptomyces have known regulons and also their sRNAs-mediated regulation has not been studied so far. According to previously measured gene expression data, we selected several highly expressed sigma factors. Using mutant strains with HA-tagged sigma factors, regulons of two important sigma factors, SigQ and HrdB, were analyzed by ChIP-seq procedure. Other sigma factors were further studied to see if they possess asRNAs, using 5' and 3' RACE method and northern blotting. Our data confirm the essentiality of HrdB sigma factor during the vegetative phase of growth. The other sigma factor, SigQ, has been revealed to be an important regulator of nitrogen metabolism and osmotic...
12

Étude des mécanismes de dégradation sélective de l’ARN par la RNase III de Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Studies of the mechanisms of selective RNA degradation by the RNase III of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Lavoie, Mathieu January 2014 (has links)
Résumé : Chez toutes les cellules, une modulation précise de l’expression des gènes est essentielle afin de réguler adéquatement leur métabolisme et de s’adapter aux changements environnementaux. En effet, c’est l’expression des gènes, plutôt que la séquence d’ADN, qui détermine en grande partie la diversité et la complexité des organismes. Celle-ci dépend principalement des changements dans les niveaux d’ARNs cellulaires résultant de la modification de l’équilibre entre leurs taux relatifs de synthèse et de dégradation. Alors que la régulation transcriptionnelle a été largement étudiée par le passé, des études récentes révèlent que la stabilité de l’ARN joue aussi un rôle important dans le modelage du transcriptome. Toutefois, les mécanismes qui assurent la dégradation précise et sélective des ARNs sont globalement mal compris. Au cours de cette thèse, j’ai utilisé la ribonucléase III de levure Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Rnt1p) comme modèle pour étudier comment des transcrits spécifiques sont ciblés pour la dégradation et évaluer sa contribution à la régulation de l’expression génique. Les résultats indiquent que Rnt1p régule l’expression des gènes en utilisant une spécificité élargie pour des structures tige-boucles d’ARN. En effet, un nouveau motif structurel de Rnt1p permet la discrimination des tige-boucles ayant une séquence spécifique tout en bloquant la liaison à des hélices génériques d’ARN double-brin. D’un autre côté, l’identification des signaux de dégradation de Rnt1p à l’échelle du transcriptome a permis de révéler plus de 384 transcrits clivés par Rnt1p, dont la majorité sont des ARN messagers. En outre, l’impact de la délétion de RNT1 sur l’expression de ces gènes est influencé par les conditions de culture des cellules, ce qui suggère que Rnt1p est un important régulateur conditionnel de l’expression génique. Somme toute, les résultats présentés dans cette thèse démontrent comment des ARNs sont spécifiquement choisis pour la dégradation et soulignent l’importance de la dégradation nucléaire dans la régulation de l’expression génique en réponse à des changements environnementaux. // Abstract : Precise modulation of gene expression is essential for any cell in order to regulate its metabolism and adapt to environmental changes. In fact, it is gene expression, rather than DNA sequence alone, which mostly explains the functional diversity and complexity between the different cell types. As such, gene expression mainly results from changes in the levels of cellular RNAs which are, in turn, dependent on the equilibrium between their relative rates of synthesis and degradation. While transcriptional control has been largely studied in the past, recent publications reveal that changes in RNA stability also play an important role in shaping the transcriptome. Unfortunately though, the mechanisms ensuring precise and selective RNA degradation remains poorly understood. In this thesis, I have used the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae ribonuclease III (Rnt1p) as a model to study how specific transcripts are targeted for degradation and evaluate its contribution to the regulation of gene expression. The results indicate that Rnt1p regulates gene expression using a broad specificity for structured RNA stem loops. Indeed, a new structural motif of Rnt1p permits discrimination of hairpins with specific sequence while blocking the binding of the generic RNA duplexes recognized by other members of the RNase III family. This highly specific mode of substrate recognition was found to be easily modulated by a flexible network of protein RNA interactions. On the other hand, transcriptome-wide identification of Rnt1p degradation signals uncovered more than 384 transcripts, including 291 mRNAs. Interestingly, the impact of RNT1 deletion on mRNA expression is modulated by changes in the growth conditions of the cell, indicating that Rnt1p is an important regulator of conditional gene expression. Overall, the results presented in this thesis demonstrate how specific RNAs are selected for degradation and highlight the importance of nuclear RNA decay for fine tuning gene expression in response to changes in growth conditions.

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