The diploma thesis deals with methodology for investigating the crime of robbery, which has been one of the most serious crimes. With regard to that this topic is very extensive, thesis includes only selected areas and facts that are related to the topic. Investigation of the crime of robbery has against other crimes its specifics. Describe precisely this specificity is the aim of this work. The work is divided into eight interpenetrating chapters. The introductory chapter deals with criminal characteristics of robbery, while out of definition of legal legislation the crime of robbery, is also briefly described the development, which the legislation of this crime in our country has gone through. The second chapter is devoted to criminological characteristics of robbery. The first sub-chapter briefly describes the occurrence of the crime of robbery in our area, especially with the help of graphs. Following part of this chapter is devoted to description of the crime situation as a situation in which robberies are regularly committed. Third subsection describes typical ways of committing robberies. Although special attention is paid to robberies committing in financial institutions and robberies of money transports because the damage caused by these robberies is often very high. Subchapter dealing with...

1 Summary The presented thesis deals with methods of investigation of robberies. It comprises all essential parts of such methodology and therefore aims to provide a complex view on the subject. Moreover, the work offers a deeper insight into some particular methods of investigation and emphasizes psychological aspects of investigation as well as of crime prevention. Comparison with foreign author's view on the subject is also included. The work consists of ten chapters dedicated to separate components of investigation. Chapter one presents the subject of investigation - robbery, its place in Czech law and legal definition set out by the Criminal Code. Chapter two provides criminalistic description of a robbery from different points of view and includes a relatively large part concentrating on foreign literature and robbery categories presented therein. Chapter three lists typical evidence which can be found on the crime scene and points out psychological aspects of formation of witness's memories of the crime. Chapter four lists standard situations in which the investigator finds himself based on the amount and nature of information obtained. Chapter five looks at particular evidence needed in court in robbery cases. Chapters six and seven describe different ways in which crimes are reported and initial...

Baudžiamoji atsakomybė už plėšimą pagal Lietuvos Respublikos ir užsienio šalių baudžiamuosius įstatymus SANTRAUKA Nepaisant griežtos teisinės apsaugos didžiąją dalį visų nusikalstamų veikų sudaro nusikalstamos veikos nuosavybei. Plėšimas pagal savo pavojingumo laipsnį priskiriamas pavojingiausiems nusikaltimams nuosavybei. Tinkamas baudžiamųjų įstatymų taikymas, teisingas šių nusikaltimų kvalifikavimas bei teisingas bausmių skyrimas už padarytas nusikalstamas veikas buvo ir išlieka viena svarbiausių praktinių problemų. Darbe analizuojami baudžiamosios atsakomybės už plėšimą aspektai pagal Lietuvoje galiojančius baudžiamuosius įstatymus bei lyginama su kai kurių užsienio šalių baudžiamuosiuose įstatymuose reglamentuota baudžiamąja atsakomybe. Minėtam tikslui pasiekti analizuojama plėšimo samprata, jo teisinė prigimtis, reglamentavimo Lietuvos baudžiamuosiuose įstatymuose raida, tokių nusikaltimų objektas ir dalykas, objektyvieji ir subjektyvieji požymiai bei subjekto ypatumai. Darbe bandyta atskleisti teorinę plėšimo nusikaltimo pusę Lietuvoje ir užsienio šalyse bei atkreipti dėmesį į kai kurias iškylančias praktines šio nusikaltimo kvalifikavimo problemas. Kadangi užvaldant turtą plėšimo būdu yra panaudojamas smurtas arba atsiranda kiti neigiami padariniai – darbe aptariami ir plėšimą kvalifikuojantys požymiai, esminiai plėšimo atskyrimo nuo kitų nusikaltimų nuosavybei aspektai bei trumpai apžvelgiama bausmė už šiuos pavojingus nusikaltimus. Greta Lietuvos Respublikos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Criminal responsibility for robbery according to the Lithuanian and foreign countries criminal legislation SUMMARY Irrespective of strict legal protection, the greatest part of all criminal acts are crimes against ownership. Robbery is considered the most dangerous of all crimes against ownership. The due application of criminal laws, correct qualification and just imposition of penalties for these criminal acts were, and still is, one of the major practical problems. In this thesis, aspects of criminal responsibility for robbery according to the criminal laws of Lithuania are analyzed, and they are compared with criminal responsibility as consolidated in the laws of certain foreign countries. To achieve this, the concept and the legal nature of robbery are analyzed, as well as the development of the respective legal regulation in the criminal laws of Lithuania, the subject matter of such crimes, the objective and subjective features of such crimes, and also the peculiarities of their subject. It is attempted to reveal the theoretical side of robbery in Lithuania and abroad, and to pay attention to certain practical problems of qualification of such crimes. When property is occupied by means of robbery, violence is done, and other negative consequences take place, therefore, in the thesis, features qualifying robbery and essential aspects that distinguish robbery from other crimes against ownership are discussed, as well as brief discussion of penalties for these dangerous... [to full text]

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Delaware, 2006. / Principal faculty advisor: Tricia Wachtendorf, Dept. of Sociology. Includes bibliographical references.

The main goal of this thesis is complete description of all typical aspects of methodology for investigation of robbery, including ilustration of all the specifics, that distinguish this methodology from other investigative methodologies. The thesis is divided into five chapters, which are related and organized mostly according to the model of the criminological publications. The first chapter deals with a crime of robbery from the point of view of criminal law. The first subchapter describes the historical progression of the legal regulation of this crime from antiquity to the present. The second subchapter is focused on the current legislation, which is contained in the Criminal Code. The second chapter is focused on robbery from the point of view of criminology. In the first subchapter is characterized a typical criminal situation, according to the aspects of the crime scene, the time of committing robbery and the character of the object under attack. The second subchapter describes typical ways of committing robberies, focusing on acts committed with a firearm. The following two subchapters are devoted to the motivation of the offender to commit a robbery and then to the offender himself. The fifth subchapter deals with victims of robberies. The third chapter is devoted to the theoretical...

In South Africa, there has been a steady increase in the number of armed robberies within the retail industry which have many negative consequences for the victims, their families, and the community. Materialism and economic advantage are major factors, as these robberies are very lucrative, although socio-economic factors such as unemployment, poverty, and relative deprivation can also contribute to the phenomenon. The climate of violence prevalent in South Africa, the ineffectiveness of the criminal justice system, as well as the availability of illegal firearms also contributes to this climate of lawlessness. The intense fear aroused by these robberies, as well as the extent of this crime necessitates empirical research in this regard. A literature search of South African databases reflects that no specific research regarding retail robberies has been undertaken. In order to fill this void, it was decided to investigate the modus operandi of retail robbers from the victims' perspective, as well as relevant situational factors, victim reactions and the consequences of these robberies. The Model of the victim's experience after a retail robbery (see Figure 2) was formulated to serve as a theoretical framework to give direction to the study and interpret the findings. In order to actualise the set research expectations, various victims of retail robberies within Gauteng were selected to participate in this study. The sample was drawn according to the purposive theoretical and snowball sampling methods. The sample consisted of 20 victims. Individual interviews were conducted with these respondents. Upon analysis and interpretation of the data, it was found that most retail robberies occur in areas with a high crime-rate. The main reason for the selection of a specific target seems to be the obtaining of money. The findings further indicate that retail robberies are committed by groups of offenders who predominantly make use of handguns during these robberies and usually have getaway vehicles waiting outside the stores. It was also apparent in the study that verbal threats and violence are usually employed during retail robberies in order to ensure compliance by the victims and that victims are less likely to resist if the offenders are armed with firearms. Findings indicate that the robbers become more aggressive when resisted and that aggression is influenced by the size of the group. The findings further show that stores with few customers are more likely to become the victims of retail robberies. It was found that security measures such as armed response, alarms and panic buttons do not necessarily deter retail robbers, but most stores improved their security following a robbery. Stores with no surveillance appear to be more vulnerable. Another situational factor pertinent to the study was that most of the stores' interiors were visible to passers-by from the outside. Finally, the impact of retail robberies upon the lives of the victims in terms of financial, physical, emotional and social consequences was also investigated. Based on the findings, recommendations are made with regard to further research. Stemming from this, various suggestions concerning the prevention of retail robberies are also made. / Dissertation (MA (Criminology))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Social Work and Criminology / unrestricted

This thesis deals with methodology for robbery investigation as one of the methodologies that form the special part of crime investigation science. The reason why these methodologies (not only the methodology for robbery investigation) are being developed is the constant change of how are robberies (and other crimes in general) committed, and the pursuit of developing the most effective methods for investigation that will help the police prevent robberies and crime in general. The aim of this thesis is to outline a comprehensive overview of the methodology for robbery investigation with the focus on the specifics of robbery investigation. The first two chapters provide a characteristic of robberies, first, from the view of criminal law. Even though the criminal law characteristics of robberies is not usually part of the methodology for robbery investigation, this paper reports on it, as it is important for understanding the whole problematics of robberies. The criminal law characteristics chapter tackles not only current definition of robbery obtained in Criminal code, but also the historical development of legal regulation of robbery. The second characteristics it provides is from the view of crime scene investigation science (criminalistics) using the outcomes of different studies and works of...

Thesis(M.A. (Criminology)) -- University of Limpopo, 2021 / The purpose of this study was to explore street robberies at Bungeni village, situated under Makhado Municipality of Limpopo Province, South Africa. The study sought to identify factors contributing to street robberies, to assess experiences of victims of these robberies and to determine measures that can be applied to prevent them. This qualitative study applied the exploratory research design to recruit participants using non-probability sampling techniques, specifically purposive and snowball sampling techniques. Thirteen (13) participants, including ten (10) victims of street robbery and three (3) local SAPS officials were selected for this study. Data was collected using individual face-to-face semi-structured interviews. Based on the transcribed data, themes were extracted and analysed using Thematic Content Analysis (TCA). This study established that there are factors that contribute to the occurrence of street robberies; victims are affected by street robberies (i.e. be it social, psychological and financial); and that there are measures that may reduce the occurrence of these robberies. Findings of the research indicate that factors such as time, space, individual’s lifestyle and routine activities contribute to victims being robbed in the streets and that these victims experience victimisation of street robberies differently. For recommendations, this study argues that some of these factors are lifestyle exposure, individual activities, spatial and temporal factors. Street robberies are characterised by the use of weapons, force and threat of force by offenders. Lastly, street robberies have a negative impact on victims. Keywords: Aggravated robbery, Crime prevention, Robbery, Street robbery and Victims

The Methodology of Robbery Investigation Abstract This diploma thesis deals with the methodology of robbery investigation, specifically with its selected components of the investigation. The selected parts are criminalistic characteristic of robberies, the typical ways of committing robberies divided according to the intensity of aggression and the typical evidence. The thesis provides with a deeper insight into these parts of the investigation process, captures their specifics and provides a comparison with foreign literature. The presented thesis is divided into four chapters, which are related and follow each other. The first chapter presents the crime of robbery, as regulated in Act No. 40/2009 Coll., The Criminal Code, and its position in the current Czech legal system. It outlines the subject of the methodology from the point of view of criminal law. The second chapter deals with the criminalistic characteristic of robberies. In the individual subchapters, it discusses the criminal situation, the typical ways of committing robberies, the offender and the victim of robbery, and finally deals with the motive of the criminal act and the criteria for selecting the victim. This chapter provides number of statistics related to robberies. The subchapter focusing on the typical ways of committing robberies,...

The topic of this diploma thesis is a crime of robbery which is an offence under title two of chapter one of the special part of the Criminal Code as a crime against liberty (section 173 of Act No. 40/2009 Coll). Despite being one of the oldest delicts on our territory, its high severity and frequency in application render this topic particularly relevant. Not only does this thesis focus on the crime of robbery itself, as defined in section 173 of the Criminal Code, but it also addresses other legal provisions of the Criminal Code which are related to this topic. All compulsory elements of the facts of the criminal offence of robbery are scrutinized in detail - its object, objective side, perpetrator and subjective side. This thesis does not only analyze the basic form of robbery defined in subsection 1 of section 173 of the Criminal Code, but also the circumstances in which more severe penalties might be applied, as defined in other subsections of this section. Furthermore, the development stages of robbery and the participation in this crime are described and a comparison between the crime of robbery and a selection of other crimes is made. Historical development of the crime of robbery and its comparison to the foreign legislation are not omitted. The conclusion summarizes the entire thesis and...