This thesis is a study of Robinson's general mental and philosophical development and the forces which contributed to it, the kinds and sources of Robinson's characters and the method and importance of their portrayal, Robinson's single portraits of men, Robinson's portrayal of women characters, Robinson's historical portraits, and the relationship of the short poems to Robinson's total work.

This dissertation investigates how Dissenting writers, among them Samuel Annesley and Richard Baxter, influenced the religious thought of Daniel Defoe. Though some critics, most notably G. A. Starr and J. Paul Hunter, have positioned Defoe within a broad "Puritan" tradition, his religious ideas are more properly understood within the specific circumstances of post-Restoration England, as the unique pressures engendered by the Interregnum impelled many Dissenting writers to privilege "Practical Religion" over abstract theology. The aversion to "doubtfull disputations" that Defoe inherits from this discourse informs not only the modes of argument Defoe employs, but also the genres through which he engages with theological questions. Throughout his writing, however, his attachment to Biblical typology, which is informed by his dependence on the Bible as a stable locus of indisputable “plainness,” comes into conflict with his political tenets, as Scripture provides no firm precedent for the mode of contractual kingship introduced by the Glorious Revolution. At first seeking to mute the incongruities between "Hebrew times" and "modern" circumstances, Defoe is eventually impelled to reconceptualise typology, formulating a theory that both acknowledges the authority of the Bible while allowing William, and the mode of contractual kingship he represents, to surpass Scriptural types. This attitude towards typology fundamentally underpins the narrative of Robinson Crusoe (1719), which systematically repudiates Biblical narratives. Rather than adhering to prefigurative Biblical patterns, the novel is built on a series of divergences, first personal and then political, from Scriptural models. Anchored in his specific geographic and economic circumstances, Crusoe’s conversion is markedly distanced from Biblical types, represented as a process unique to his situation, rather than an iteration of an existing pattern. Ultimately, this dissertation contends that Defoe’s religious thought, specifically his commitment to "Practical Religion" and the typological hermeneutic this discourse underpins, is fundamentally informed by his relationship with post-Restoration Dissent. / Thesis (Ph.D, English) -- Queen's University, 2013-08-01 15:48:01.785

Geólogo / La isla Robinson Crusoe (33°38 42 S, 78°49 23 O) corresponde a un conjunto volcánico de intraplaca emplazado en la Dorsal de Juan Fernández, un ridge asísmico de orientación aproximada E-W situado sobre la Placa de Nazca. Su sección emergida está formada principalmente por rocas volcánicas básicas además de un cuerpo intrusivo félsico y escasas secuencias sedimentarias. La Secuencia Punta Larga (ca 5,8 Ma.) se compone de basaltos y andesitas basálticas toleíticas de medio K. Destaca en ella la significativa presencia de mineralogía secundaria (clorita, esmectita, epidota, carbonatos). La Secuencia Puerto Inglés (ca 3-4 Ma.) es representativa de la fase de volcanismo de escudo de la isla y se compone de basaltos de medio K con afinidad transicional desde toleítica a alcalina. Además, en esta última se reconocen rocas ricas en olivino con valores de MgO>16% y enclaves ultramáficos dentro de los diques, correspondientes a cúmulos duníticos. A su vez, la Secuencia Bahía del Padre (ca 1,2 Ma.) está formada por basanitas marcadamente alcalinas, con total ausencia de fenocristales de plagioclasa y fuerte enriquecimiento relativo en HFSE. Por último, el Intrusivo de Punta Larga corresponde a un cuerpo de sienitas y sienodioritas de clinopiroxeno de alto y medio K con importante presencia de apatito y circón. El comportamiento de elementos tales como Mg, Ni, Ca, Sc, V, Sr y Al permite inferir procesos de acumulación de olivino (grupo de alto Mg) y fraccionamiento de clinopiroxeno y plagioclasa, que serían capaces de explicar las variaciones geoquímicas internas observadas. Se puede establecer una clara tendencia marcada por el aumento de la alcalinidad en las unidades volcánicas más jóvenes. En este sentido, las rocas parcialmente alteradas de la secuencia basal son toleíticas (La/Yb=10,70, Ba/Zr=0,76, Nb/Zr=0,16); la fase de volcanismo de escudo es transicional (La/Yb=13,69; Ba/Zr=1,07; Nb/Zr=0,16) y, finalmente, las basanitas post-escudo son fuertemente alcalinas (La/Yb=22,32; Ba/Zr=2,26; Nb/Zr=0,26). Para explicar la tendencia evolutiva observada se evalúan dos hipótesis. La primera consiste en grados decrecientes de fusión parcial en un manto enriquecido que implican, en todo caso, coeficientes de partición distintos entre la secuencia más joven y aquellas que la preceden. La segunda hipótesis propone cambios en la fuente mantélica asociada a la génesis de la unidad post-escudo. Esta nueva fuente se encontraría enriquecida fuertemente en Nb y Ta, y levemente en Zr, Y, Hf y Th (con características similares a una fuente tipo HIMU) en comparación con aquella asociada a las secuencias antiguas y que corresponde a una mezcla entre fuentes tipo HIMU y N-MORB. La primera alternativa supone una fuente estática incompatible con el modelo de hotspot . La segunda sería más consistente con un escenario de pluma mantélica capaz de generar cambios composicionales (metasomáticos?, mineralógicos?) en el manto a lo largo del tiempo como se ha sugerido en otras islas oceánicas.

Memoria para optar al título de Geógrafo / En la actualidad el archipiélago de Juan Fernández, enfrenta un gran problema ambiental determinado por la gran tasa de invasión biológica de especies vegetales, esencialmente las 3M: maqui, mora y murta. Al combinarse esta distribución, que amplía su rango año a año, más el alto endemismo por unidad de superficie y el alto porcentaje de especies en peligro de extinción, nace la necesidad de emprender acciones de manera urgente para asistir al sistema frente a la dura competencia que se desarrolla en el hábitat de las especies originarias. En Plazoleta el Yunque (Robinson Crusoe, IRC) se han llevado a cabo medidas de control de plagas vegetales, mediante el control de maqui y mora en los claros del bosque. Este proceso ha resultado positivo para la regeneración del bosque, por lo que se proyecta la misma intervención hacia otros sectores invadidos. La gran superficie ocupada por matorral invasivo en IRC, hace inminente priorizar las áreas a intervenir, las cuales deben cumplir con ciertos requisitos y restricciones, basados en el objetivo de restauración. Se seleccionaron como criterios los factores riqueza de especies, abundancia por especie, coberturas vegetales, conservación ex situ y distribución del matorral de las 3M, y como limitante los rangos de pendiente, debido a los riesgos de erosión. Todos fueron integrados en un modelo de decisión multicriterio basado en el método de sumatoria lineal ponderada, que asocia los valores óptimos de localización para cada criterio, mediante algebra de mapas. Se seleccionaron como sitios prioritarios a intervenir las siguientes microcuencas hidrográficas: Puerto Inglés, Villagra, Quebrada Colonial, Piedra con Letras, Quebrada de Lord Andson, Quebrada El Palillo y el Pangal.

Typescript, etc. / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Excerpt: April is also National Poetry Month, and this column will focus on an April-themed poem—not one of the many April poems evincing sincere religiosity or forced sentimentality, and not that famous poem that cynically asserts that “April is the cruelest month, breeding / Lilacs out of the dead land.

Phylogenetic analysis can produce easily tens of thousands of equally plausible evolutionary trees. Consensus trees and topological distance matrices are often used to summarize the evolutionary relationships among the trees of interest. However, current approaches are not designed to analyze very large tree collections. In this dissertation, we present two fast algorithms— HashCS and HashRF —for analyzing large collections of evolutionary trees based on a novel hash table data structure, which provides a convenient and fast approach to store and access the bipartition information collected from the tree collections. Our HashCS algorithm is a fast ( ) technique for constructing consensus trees, where is the number of taxa and is the number of trees. By reprocessing the bipartition information in our hash table, HashCS constructs strict and majority consensus trees. In addition to a consensus algorithm, we design a fast topological distance algorithm called HashRF to compute the × Robinson-Foulds distance matrix, which requires ( ^ 2) running time. A RF distance matrix provides plenty of data-mining opportunities to help researchers understand the evolutionary relationships contained in their collection of trees. We also introduce a series of extensions based on HashRF to provide researchers with more convenient set of tools for analyzing their trees. We provide extensive experimentation regarding the practical performance of our hash-based algorithms across a diverse collection of biological and artificial trees. Our results show that both algorithms easily outperform existing consensus and RF matrix implementations. For example, on our biological trees, HashCS and HashRF are 1.8 and 100 times faster than PAUP*, respectively. We show two real-world applications of our fast hashing algorithms: (i) comparing phylogenetic heuristic implementations, and (ii) clustering and visualizing trees. In our first application, we design novel methods to compare the PaupRat and Rec-I-DCM3, two popular phylogenetic heuristics that use the Maximum Parsimony criterion, and show that RF distances are more effective than parsimony scores at identifying heterogeneity within a collection of trees. In our second application, we empirically show how to determine the distinct clusters of trees within large tree collections. We use two different techniques to identify distinct tree groups. Both techniques show that partitioning the trees into distinct groups and summarizing each group separately is a better representation of the data. Additional benefits of our approach are better consensus trees as well as insightful information regarding the convergence behavior of phylogenetic heuristics. Our fast hash-based algorithms provide scientists with a very powerful tools for analyzing the relationships within their large phylogenetic tree collections in new and exciting ways. Our work has many opportunities for future work including detecting convergence and designing better heuristics. Furthermore, our hash tables have lots of potential future extensions. For example, we can also use our novel hashing structure to design algorithms for computing other distance metrics such as Nearest Neighbor Interchange (NNI), Subtree Pruning and Regrafting (SPR), and Tree Bisection and Reconnection (TBR) distances.

The aim of this thesis is to understand the presentations of characters¡¦ identity problems in Jonathan Swift¡¦s Gulliver¡¦s Travels and Daniel Defoe¡¦s Robinson Crusoe in relation to their respective genre and to see how the presentations reflect the social ambience and the cultural development in eighteenth-century England. This thesis consists of five chapters. In chapter one, I will briefly summarize the social conditions in eighteenth-century England. This summary of social conditions will show eighteenth-century England as a society of conflicts and contrasts between old and new values. Two key words here, old and new values, will allude to the development of literary genres in eighteenth-century England. Novel is a term which first appears around this time in the history of literary writing and which refers to a new type of genre. As people have varieties of life styles, so do authors have a new genre to work with. However, this newness, either in a social or cultural context, coexists with the old values. In the context of literary writing, the novel, as a genre, has to compete and cooperate with one of its precursors, the genre of satire. In chapter two, I will try to understand the relationship between novel and satire in the light of another genre, utopia. Even though the utopian element in satire is a counterpoint, meaning the dystopian stance, of utopian traditions, there still is a strong sense of community in satirical writings. Compared with satire, the sense of individuals is the core of the genre of the novel. Realism, marked by Ian Watt, is a new trend in novel writing and it is highly connected with the idea of individualism instead of the sense of community. In order to see this difference, Swift¡¦s Gulliver¡¦s Travels and Defoe¡¦s Robinson Crusoe are the two texts that I will use in chapter three and four for detailed discussions. As for the second part of chapter two, I try to single out the idea of travel with the intention to see its importance in eighteen-century England. In chapters three and four, my concern turns to characters¡¦ identity problems in the two travel narratives: Gulliver¡¦s Travels and Robinson Crusoe. Compared with each other, the characters of the two travel narratives have different identity problems and this difference is important in the way of symbolizing the different concerns of each genre: satire for a sense of community and novel for individualism. Moreover, in terms of the different endings in the two travel narratives, Gulliver and Crusoe¡¦s experiences of their identity problems also suggest an important social condition, which is the different possibilities of life, in eighteenth-century England. In conclusion, I will give an overall review of the whole thesis.

The goal of this thesis is to discuss the formation of Robinson Crusoe¡¦s capitalist identity in Daniel Defoe¡¦s Robinson Crusoe with the issue of dominance/submission and the concepts of capitalism. Defoe¡¦s Robinson Crusoe is regarded as the first novel in the English literary history. The novel tells how Crusoe, from exiled on an isolated island to return to English society, manipulates power of mastery with authority to undergo metamorphosis to be a colonizer and a successful capitalist. The novel deals with not only the issue of the establishment of Robinson Crusoe¡¦s identity struggling on the isolated island, but also the hegemony of Britain and the advocacy of Capitalism and Protestantism. This thesis consists of four chapters. In chapter one, I will briefly discuss the historical background and reasons, socially as well as politically, for the rise of the novel in the eighteenth century, and Daniel Defoe¡¦s background, his writing style, and his first novel Robinson Crusoe. In chapter two, I will clarify the illusion of the biblical Eden in the novel, and discuss the significance of the island for Robinson Crusoe. Moreover, how Crusoe¡¦s progression civilizes the island, resulting in the loss of the biblical Eden. Crusoe¡¦s status is reversed from God to a capitalist looking for profit. In chapter three, I will discuss the formation of Crusoe¡¦s identity with power and authority. How he establishes his identity through the process of mastery over non-humans and humans. In conclusion, I will give an overall review of the whole thesis.

A central theme in phylogenetics is the reconstruction and analysis of evolutionary trees from a given set of data. To determine the optimal search methods for the reconstruction of trees, it is crucial to understand the size and structure of neighbourhoods of trees under tree rearrangement operations. The diameter and size of the immediate neighbourhood of a tree has been well-studied, however little is known about the number of trees at distance two, three or (more generally) k from a given tree. In this thesis we explore previous results on the size of these neighbourhoods under common tree rearrangement operations (NNI, SPR and TBR). We obtain new results concerning the number of trees at distance k from a given tree under the Robinson-Foulds (RF) metric and the Nearest Neighbour Interchange (NNI) operation, and the number of trees at distance two from a given tree under the Subtree Prune and Regraft (SPR) operation. We also obtain an exact count for the number of pairs of binary phylogenetic trees that share a first RF or NNI neighbour.