A pesquisa na área de robótica espacial lida com problemas exclusivos, acarretados pela natureza e características dinâmicas dos sistemas. Isso torna a modelagem uma área de extrema importância para garantir um desempenho satisfatório. A maior característica dos braços robóticos espaciais é que seu movimento perturba a espaçonave na qual está acoplado. Essa propriedade deve ser levada em consideração, especialmente no caso de robôs de base livre flutuante que não possuem controle de posição ou atitude na base. A maior destreza e flexibilidade de manipuladores de múltiplos braços faz com que sua pesquisa seja colocada em foco. Eles possuem maior possibilidade de lidar com cargas maiores e fornecer maior acurácia em tarefas como montagens, reparos, abastecimento, etc. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo o desenvolvimento do modelo de um manipulador espacial de base livre flutuante de dois braços. Esse modelo, então, foi aplicado no desenvolvimento de um sistema de controle. A metodologia sugerida facilita, não só a obtenção do modelo, como também a especificação de controladores. Dois esquemas de controle foram desenvolvidos: um no espaço da tarefa e outro no espaço das juntas, com diferentes especificações de trajetórias. A simulação do sistema foi realizada no ambiente Simulink (MATLAB) e os resultados são discutidos, indicando as situações de falha dos controladores especificados. / Space robotics research faces unique problems, which are mainly related to the intrinsic nature and dynamic characteristics of its systems. As a consequence, modelling becomes essential to guarantee the best system result. A important characteristic of space robotic arms is that their movements affect their bases position and attitude. This property must be taken into account, specially in the case of free floating space manipulators which have no control system for the base. High dexterity and flexibility of multi-arm manipulators cause their research to be a focus for the community. With higher loads and accuracy demands, they are more likely to suceed in tasks such as maintenance, assembly, refueling, among others. In that context, this thesis aims to develop a model for a dual-arm free-floating space manipulator. The model, then, is used in the design of a control system. The suggested methodology makes the process easier not only the modelling, but also the controller design. Two control schemes were developed: one in joint and the other in task space, with different trajectories. System simulations were run on Simulink (MATLAB) and the obtained results were discussed, with comments regarding fault situations for the specified control systems.

A pesquisa na área de robótica espacial lida com problemas exclusivos, acarretados pela natureza e características dinâmicas dos sistemas. Isso torna a modelagem uma área de extrema importância para garantir um desempenho satisfatório. A maior característica dos braços robóticos espaciais é que seu movimento perturba a espaçonave na qual está acoplado. Essa propriedade deve ser levada em consideração, especialmente no caso de robôs de base livre flutuante que não possuem controle de posição ou atitude na base. A maior destreza e flexibilidade de manipuladores de múltiplos braços faz com que sua pesquisa seja colocada em foco. Eles possuem maior possibilidade de lidar com cargas maiores e fornecer maior acurácia em tarefas como montagens, reparos, abastecimento, etc. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo o desenvolvimento do modelo de um manipulador espacial de base livre flutuante de dois braços. Esse modelo, então, foi aplicado no desenvolvimento de um sistema de controle. A metodologia sugerida facilita, não só a obtenção do modelo, como também a especificação de controladores. Dois esquemas de controle foram desenvolvidos: um no espaço da tarefa e outro no espaço das juntas, com diferentes especificações de trajetórias. A simulação do sistema foi realizada no ambiente Simulink (MATLAB) e os resultados são discutidos, indicando as situações de falha dos controladores especificados. / Space robotics research faces unique problems, which are mainly related to the intrinsic nature and dynamic characteristics of its systems. As a consequence, modelling becomes essential to guarantee the best system result. A important characteristic of space robotic arms is that their movements affect their bases position and attitude. This property must be taken into account, specially in the case of free floating space manipulators which have no control system for the base. High dexterity and flexibility of multi-arm manipulators cause their research to be a focus for the community. With higher loads and accuracy demands, they are more likely to suceed in tasks such as maintenance, assembly, refueling, among others. In that context, this thesis aims to develop a model for a dual-arm free-floating space manipulator. The model, then, is used in the design of a control system. The suggested methodology makes the process easier not only the modelling, but also the controller design. Two control schemes were developed: one in joint and the other in task space, with different trajectories. System simulations were run on Simulink (MATLAB) and the obtained results were discussed, with comments regarding fault situations for the specified control systems.

Control of wheeled chassis does not constitute a problem in the area of mobile robotic solely. Rather, it can be encountered in transportation, both at close range and long range. In this thesis, mobile chassis are characterized as kinematic models. These models prove to be erroneous at high speed, whereas they sufficiently accurately represent the real robotic system in situations when slow, autonomous motion of the robot is desired. In comparison with dynamic models, both their project and implementation are simpler, too. The first part of this thesis is focused on a basic description of the motion of a robot in-plane. In the next part, five, most frequently used wheels in robotics are described and characterized - standard fixed wheels, standard steering wheels, castor wheels, multidirectional wheels and omnidirectional wheels. The motion conditions are deduced from each type of wheel. There are two methods of projecting the mobile robot model – full modelling and generic modelling. Based on these two methods, six models of mobile robots with different motion properties are proposed and described. The last and most extensive part of this thesis deals with simulator of robot motion created in Matlab/Simulink. It includes users guide which allows the configuration of random chassis and various trajectories of motion. In this way, it is possible to visually evaluace and classify the the different types of robots. The core of this thesis is largely connected with the field of odometry – i.e. transformation output from speed sensor and turning of wheels sensor into the robot position in the system of coordinates that defines its working space. Simulator as complex only model motion of mobile robots in plain. Its inside structure included algoritms, that have been used in praxis for control real mobile robots. In this way created Simulator models the motion of mobile robots in-plain only. However, its inside structure is based on algorithms, that could be used for control of real mobile robots in real-life working.

Cette thèse présente un travail complet sur la modélisation, l'identification et la commande des robots parallèles à câbles dans le but d'améliorer les performances dynamiques en termes de rapidité, de précision et de robustesse obtenues, tout en gérant les problèmes liés à l'utilisation de câbles. Dans le cadre de ces recherches, les techniques d'identification et de commande sont améliorées grâce à l'utilisation de mesures extéroceptives, notamment en utilisant la vision. Des méthodes issues des domaines de la robotique et de l'automatique sont mises en oeuvre et comparées. Les validations expérimentales sont effectuées sur un démonstrateur disponible au laboratoire : un robot INCA 6D conçu par la société Haption, équipé d'un système de capture de mouvement Bonita développé par la société Vicon. / This thesis presents a complete work on modelling, identification and control of cable-driven parallel robots in order to improve the dynamic performances in terms of speed, precision and robustness, while managing the problems related to the use of cables. In the context of these researches, the identification and control techniques are improved thanks to the use of exteroceptive sensors, in particular using vision. Methods from the fields of robotics and control are implemented and compared. The experimental validations are performed on a demonstrator available in the laboratory : an INCA 6D robot designed by Haption company, equipped with a Bonita motion capture system developed by Vicon company.