Both the counterculture and its music will be examined using the concepts of heteronomy, autonomy, and theonomy and their dialectical relationship according to Paul Tillich's theory of religion and culture. The main themes beneath the emergence of the counterculture will be outlined, and the ways in which the dominant culture of the time may be considered what Tillich describes as a heteronomous phenomenon will be presented. The historical significance of the counterculture will then be demonstrated in terms of Tillich's concept of kairos. Through examination of the lyrics of some of the most popular songs between 1965 and 1970, the years during which the movement was at its height, the ways in which the counterculture may be seen as autonomous protest will be discussed. This will be followed by an examination of theonomous elements apparent in the song lyrics and an evaluation of the movement in terms of the Tillichian dialectic.

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M.Ed. (Education) / During the last two decades there has been a definite lowering of moral standards among the children of the West. This also pertains to the youth in South Africa. Among the many influences the child experiences in society, rock music, with its themes of sex, drugs, satanism, rebellion, materialism, secular humanism, suicide, nihilism, hedonism, blasphemy and profanity is possibly the most negative. Add to the above-mentioned, subliminal mind control and backward masking and it becomes clear why the Christian educator and the Christian parent must address the problem of rock and roll. Furthermore, rock music has directly or indirectly been responsible for much of the anti-social behaviour of present day youth. Tragically, modern day society is responsible for promoting the rock culture (with the help of modern technology), by making available to the youth of today records, videos and magazines, without realising the spiritual and moral damage they are causing. The modern day music entrepreneur has motives that are not honourable and not Christian as it is m?ney that makes the music go around. A very extensive literature study confirmed the above. As norms and values differ from culture to culture, the Christian norm was chosen as the irrevocable absolute norm rooted in the Word of God, to judge the morals upheld by the propagators of rock and roll. On the basis of the literature study done, an empirical investigation, formulating items obtained from the study for inclusion in the questionnaire, was conducted. The sample consisted of English speaking boys and girls in standard 7 and standard 9 from four high schools on the near East Rand. Cluster sampling was done by randomly selecting a class group from each of the standard 7 and standard 9 class groups of the four high schools concerned...