Se estudia la actividad científica de los Miembros de la Real Academia de Medicina y Cirugía de Murcia durante el primer tercio del siglo XX. Las fuentes principales fueron las revistas, Murcia Médica (Murcia, 1915-1918), Estudios Médicos (Murcia, 1920, 1924-1933), junto a su Boletín (1920) y Suplemento (1924-1933), y Gaceta Médica de Murcia (Murcia, 1907-1916); se recurrió además a las actas de la Academia, a los fondos documentales del Colegio de Médicos y al Archivo Municipal de la capital murciana. En conclusión, la actividad científica de la Academia murciana estuvo centralizada en las revistas y limitada al ámbito local, aunque destacan figuras de cierto relieve como las de Pascual Ríos, Pérez Mateos, Albaladejo García y Guillamón Conesa. La materia más frecuente en las publicaciones fue la enfermedad infecciosa y aspectos relacionados. La orientación de los artículos fue fundamentalmente clínica y están prácticamente ausentes los temas relacionados con la salud pública. / This work is focused on the scientific activity of the Members of the Royal Academy of Medicine and Surgery of Murcia during the first third of the 20th Century. The main sources were the journals Murcia Médica (Murcia, 1915-1918), Estudios Médicos (Murcia, 1920, 1924-1933), and Gaceta Médica de Murcia (Murcia,1907-1916). In order to enrich this research, the Academy’s Acts, the documentary funds of the College of Physicians and the Local Archives of the capital city were resorted to. As conclusion, the Murcian scientific activity was focused in the journals and limited to the local scope, although it must be stressed out the presence of certain prominent figures such as Pascual Ríos, Pérez Mateos, Albadalejo García and Guillamón Conesa. The most common speciality in the journals was Microbiology, Infectious and Parasitary diseases.

Throughout the twentieth century so-called Poor Whites caused anxiety in countries where racial domination was crucial, such as South Africa, the colonies of European empire and the United States. The Poor Whites were troubling for a number of reasons, not least because they threatened white prestige and the entire system of racial control. The efforts of various governments, organisations and experts to discipline, control and uplift the group necessarily disadvantaged other races. These controls, such as colour bars and Jim Crow laws, had an enormous effect on the countries where the Poor Whites were seen as a problem. The results can still be seen in the profoundly unequal contemporary racial landscape, and which is given expression by protest groups such as Black Lives Matter. Yet the efforts to manage the Poor Whites have thus far been examined on a national basis — as a problem of the United States, or of South Africa, to name just the most significant locales and regimes. This dissertation attempts to expand our understanding of the geography of the Poor Whites by arguing that the ‘Poor White Problem’ was a transnational concern rooted in racial interests that transcended national concerns. The racial solidarity displayed by so-called ‘white men’s countries’ was also extended to the Poor Whites. Efforts to control and discipline the population were thus in service of the white race as a whole, and ignored national interests and national borders. The transnational management of the Poor Whites was done through a network of transnational organisations such as the League of Nations and the Rockefeller Foundation, as well as the careering experts they employed. The dissertation argues that these attempts constituted a transnational ‘governmentality’ according to which these organisations and their experts attempted to discipline a Poor White population that they viewed as transnational in order to uphold white prestige and tacitly maintain both global and local racial systems. This dissertation examines some of the ways in which Poor Whites were disciplined and racially rehabilitated. It examines health and sanitation, education and training, housing standards and the management of urban space, and finally photographic representation.

Submitted by Caroline Falcao (caroline.rfalcao@ufpe.br) on 2017-06-19T17:21:04Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) 2012-Tese-GlaubiaArrudaSilva.pdf: 6824713 bytes, checksum: 821241186cb31ac2e399105bacd70cde (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-19T17:21:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) 2012-Tese-GlaubiaArrudaSilva.pdf: 6824713 bytes, checksum: 821241186cb31ac2e399105bacd70cde (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-13 / Os estudos e as pesquisas históricas acerca das doenças constituem-se em caminhos por meio dos quais é possível construir novas perspectivas de análise das sociedades em tempos e espaços diversos. Essa tese de doutorado acerca da epidemia de malária, ocorrida entre os anos de 1937 e 1942, tem como um dos seus enfoques centrais a análise de como a população dos municípios localizados na área denominada Baixo Jaguaribe, no estado do Ceará, vivenciou este surto epidêmico. Outro caminho perseguido foi o de analisar os momentos em que a malária deixava de ser apenas um problema do indivíduo, da família e tornava-se alvo de políticas públicas dos governos municipal, estadual e federal, além disso, passavam também a ser negociadas com uma instituição dos EUA, a Fundação Rockefeller. Dessa forma, outro foco de análise foramas ações empreendidas pelo governo municipal, estadual, federal e pela Fundação Rockefeller nas tentativas de erradicar o mosquito transmissor da doença, Anopheles gambiae,através, por exemplo, de campanhas como o Serviço de Obras Contra a Malária (SOCM) e, posteriormente, pelo Serviço de Malária do Nordeste (SMNE). E, por fim, outra dimensão pesquisada e analisada nessa tese foram as relações estabelecidas entre os moradores locais eum saber institucionalizado pela ciência no combate a doença, confrontando, assim, os tratamentos e os saberes daquela população. / Studies andhistorical researchconcerning thediseases arepathsthrough whichone canbuild newperspectives on society’s analysisindifferenttimes and places. Thisdoctorate thesison themalaria epidemic, which occurred between1937 and1942,has asone of itscentralfocusesthe analysison how thepopulation of the municipalitieslocatedin the area calledBaixo Jaguaribein the state ofCeará,experiencedthisoutbreak. Anotherpath pursuedwas to analyzethe moments in whichmalariawas no longerjust a problem ofthe individual or its familyand becamethe target ofpublic policiesof municipal,state and federal government, also beingnegotiated withaU.S. institution, the Rockefeller Foundation.Thus, another focus of the present analysis was the actions taken by the municipal, state and federal government, and the Rockefeller Foundation in attempts to eradicate the mosquito that transmits the disease, Anopheles gambiae, through, for example, the campaigns such as the Serviço de Obras Contra a Malária (SOCM) and later by theServiço de Malária do Nordeste (SMNE). Finally, another dimension researched and analyzed in this thesis was the relation between local residents and a scientific institutionalized knowledge to fight the disease, thus comparing the treatments and knowledge of that population.

Lo studio ha riflettuto su alcune costanti della letteratura comparata che accomunano tale disciplina all’esilio, quando chi lo vive è in grado di contrastare i molti traumi che esso può comportare.L’emigrazione intellettuale avvenuta nel corso degli anni Trenta e Quaranta è l’evento storico a cui lo studio ha fatto riferimento. Costringendo molti intellettuali ad abbandonare i propri posti di lavoro e le proprie case, questa emigrazione ha contribuito a una notevole mobilitazione culturale soprattutto dall’Europa verso gli Stati Uniti d’America, dove ha cominciato a svilupparsi una nuova comparatistica sovranazionale e reazionaria. L’espressione “disciplina dell’esule” suggerisce un provocatorio inquadramento del modo di vedere e affrontare il testo come il mondo: crisi, apertura verso il nuovo e inclusività sono solo alcune parole chiave che, contraddistinguendo tanto la letteratura comparata quanto l’esilio, permettono di chiarire senso e prospettive di entrambe. Si è anche affermato che un tale atteggiamento ha come presupposto due processi culturali che sono caratterizzati da una spiccata dinamicità e disponibilità al cambiamento: la denazionalizzazione della scienza e l’ibridazione del sapere. Senza di essi non avrebbe potuto formalizzarsi una comparatistica “disciplina dell’esule”, da questo punto di vista intesa come un’utopica reazione a un percorso storico tendente sempre più al nazionalismo e all’esclusione. Lo studio ha infine individuato molte di queste idee e di questi valori nell’opera “americana” di Paolo Milano, intellettuale italiano esule negli Stati Uniti che lì si costruì una carriera come professore di letteratura comparata.

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