Orientador: Simone Baldini Lucheis / Coorientador: Wilma Aparecida Starke Buzetti / Banca: Márcia Marinho / Banca: Fábio Hiroto Shimabukuro / Resumo: A leptospirose é uma enfermidade infecto-contagiosa causada por diversas cepas da bactéria Leptospira interrogans, as quais infectam animais domésticos, silvestres e o homem. Os animais silvestres podem exercer papel fundamental na epidemiologia da doença, devido a grande disseminação de leptospiras para o meio ambiente e a possibilidade de infecção entre os animais e o homem, constituindo-se, portanto, em uma importante zoonose. Quando esses animais vivem em cativeiro, como em zoológicos, a infecção e a disseminação de patógenos podem ocorrer entre os animais silvestres do próprio zoológico, animais sinantrópicos, funcionários e o público visitante. Com o intuito de conhecer melhor a ocorrência e epidemiologia da leptospirose em animais silvestres e também em roedores sinantrópicos comensais, que co-habitam o local, foi realizado um estudo com animais em cativeiro e de vida livre, procedentes do Centro de Conservação da Fauna Silvestre de Ilha Solteira- SP (CCFS). Foram colhidas amostras sanguíneas de 41 animais em cativeiro e de 59 animais de vida livre, assim como 13 amostras de rim e fígado de ratos. As técnicas diagnósticas utilizadas foram a Soroaglutinação Microscópica (SAM), Reação em Cadeia pela Polimerase (PCR) para Leptospira spp. e cultivo de rim e fígado de ratos em meio de Fletcher. Pela SAM obteve-se 89 (89%) amostras positivas para um ou mais sorovares de Leptospira spp.; com prevalência do sorovar Andamana. Para a pesquisa do agente em fragmentos de fígado e rim dos ratos, 13 amostras de cada tecido foram cultivadas em meio de Fletcher, apresentando sete (53,8%) amostras positivas, sendo três amostras de rim e quatro de fígado e todos os animais com sorologia positiva. Pela técnica de PCR a partir do sangue dos animais de vida livre e em cativeiro 38 animais (38%) foram positivos para Leptospira spp., a partir de órgãos (rim e fígado) dos roedores sinantrópicos ... / Abstract: Leptospirosis is a disease caused by various strains of the spirochete bacterium Leptospira interrogans, which can infect domestic and wildlife animals, as well humans. Wild animals may play a key role in the epidemiology of the disease, due to the large spread of leptospires into the environment and the possibility of infection between animals and man, becoming therefore an important zoonosis. When these animals live in captivity in zoos, the infection and spread of pathogens can occur between the wild animals of the zoo itself, synanthropic animals, employees and visitors. In order to better understand the occurrence and epidemiology of leptospirosis in wild animals and in synanthropic rodents, which co-inhabit the place, a study was conducted with free-living animals and in captivity, found in Wild Fauna Conservation Center from Ilha Solteira-SP. Blood samples were collected from 41 animals in captivity and 59 free-living animals, as well as 13 samples of kidney and liver of rats. The diagnostic techniques used were the Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT), the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and cultivation in Fletcher medium. MAT was positive in 89 (89%) samples for one or more serovars of Leptospira spp., with prevalence of serovar Andamana. For the research of agent into fragments of liver and kidney of rodents, 13 samples of each fragment were grown in Fletcher medium, with seven (53,8%) positive samples (three kidney samples and four liver samples). All rats were reactive by MAT. Related to PCR from the blood of free-living animals and in captivity, 38 animals (38%) were positive for Leptospira spp.; nine rodents (69,2%) presented positive fragments at PCR and four animals (30,8%) presented positive samples of the culture of the fragments at PCR for Leptospira spp. According to the results, we observed the occurrence of infection among the animals, needing the adoption of prophylactic measures to control this zoonosis in this place / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-13T14:50:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-04-26Bitstream added on 2014-08-13T18:00:49Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000753173.pdf: 1982685 bytes, checksum: 3e3cf8bcc5e8c696d40a552890c6657d (MD5) / A leptospirose é uma enfermidade infecto-contagiosa causada por diversas cepas da bactéria Leptospira interrogans, as quais infectam animais domésticos, silvestres e o homem. Os animais silvestres podem exercer papel fundamental na epidemiologia da doença, devido a grande disseminação de leptospiras para o meio ambiente e a possibilidade de infecção entre os animais e o homem, constituindo-se, portanto, em uma importante zoonose. Quando esses animais vivem em cativeiro, como em zoológicos, a infecção e a disseminação de patógenos podem ocorrer entre os animais silvestres do próprio zoológico, animais sinantrópicos, funcionários e o público visitante. Com o intuito de conhecer melhor a ocorrência e epidemiologia da leptospirose em animais silvestres e também em roedores sinantrópicos comensais, que co-habitam o local, foi realizado um estudo com animais em cativeiro e de vida livre, procedentes do Centro de Conservação da Fauna Silvestre de Ilha Solteira- SP (CCFS). Foram colhidas amostras sanguíneas de 41 animais em cativeiro e de 59 animais de vida livre, assim como 13 amostras de rim e fígado de ratos. As técnicas diagnósticas utilizadas foram a Soroaglutinação Microscópica (SAM), Reação em Cadeia pela Polimerase (PCR) para Leptospira spp. e cultivo de rim e fígado de ratos em meio de Fletcher. Pela SAM obteve-se 89 (89%) amostras positivas para um ou mais sorovares de Leptospira spp.; com prevalência do sorovar Andamana. Para a pesquisa do agente em fragmentos de fígado e rim dos ratos, 13 amostras de cada tecido foram cultivadas em meio de Fletcher, apresentando sete (53,8%) amostras positivas, sendo três amostras de rim e quatro de fígado e todos os animais com sorologia positiva. Pela técnica de PCR a partir do sangue dos animais de vida livre e em cativeiro 38 animais (38%) foram positivos para Leptospira spp., a partir de órgãos (rim e fígado) dos roedores sinantrópicos ... / Leptospirosis is a disease caused by various strains of the spirochete bacterium Leptospira interrogans, which can infect domestic and wildlife animals, as well humans. Wild animals may play a key role in the epidemiology of the disease, due to the large spread of leptospires into the environment and the possibility of infection between animals and man, becoming therefore an important zoonosis. When these animals live in captivity in zoos, the infection and spread of pathogens can occur between the wild animals of the zoo itself, synanthropic animals, employees and visitors. In order to better understand the occurrence and epidemiology of leptospirosis in wild animals and in synanthropic rodents, which co-inhabit the place, a study was conducted with free-living animals and in captivity, found in Wild Fauna Conservation Center from Ilha Solteira-SP. Blood samples were collected from 41 animals in captivity and 59 free-living animals, as well as 13 samples of kidney and liver of rats. The diagnostic techniques used were the Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT), the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and cultivation in Fletcher medium. MAT was positive in 89 (89%) samples for one or more serovars of Leptospira spp., with prevalence of serovar Andamana. For the research of agent into fragments of liver and kidney of rodents, 13 samples of each fragment were grown in Fletcher medium, with seven (53,8%) positive samples (three kidney samples and four liver samples). All rats were reactive by MAT. Related to PCR from the blood of free-living animals and in captivity, 38 animals (38%) were positive for Leptospira spp.; nine rodents (69,2%) presented positive fragments at PCR and four animals (30,8%) presented positive samples of the culture of the fragments at PCR for Leptospira spp. According to the results, we observed the occurrence of infection among the animals, needing the adoption of prophylactic measures to control this zoonosis in this place

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Mice bearing the mutant gene Cat:Fr have dominantly inherited congenital cataracts, which are more extensive in the mutant homozygote than in the heterozygote. The biochemical and ultrastructural properties of these lenses were examined and compared with those of lenses in which cataracts were induced with acetaminophen and bleomycin. The Cat mutation induces a dominant, by inheritance, loss of beta-H crystallins, but this change is also seen in the bleomycin cataracts, and in the presence of 1 M sucrose, or at 4(DEGREES)C. There are codominantly inherited alterations in the relative proportions of crystallin and albuminoid components in the inherited cataracts, and in the presence of 1 M sucrose. Changes in amino acid composition of the lens proteins are dominantly inherited in the Cat mutation. There are also abnormalities of amino acid composition in the proteins from the acetaminophen cataracts, but these are different from those caused by the mutation. As to the ultrastructural changes, the inherited cataracts have a relatively normal anterior epithelium, but show marked degeneration of nuclear and deep cortical fibres. The bleomycin cataracts also show extensive nuclear destruction, but in addition, appear to be completely devoid of capsule, and have degenerating anterior epithelium cells, which are not seen in the inherited cataract. The acetaminophen cataracts, by contrast, retain normal overall structural architecture, but the individual fibres become swollen and flaky, and develop an increased number of interdigitating processes. These abnormal biochemical properties not unique to the Cat:Fr mouse are unlikely to be proximal effects of the mutant gene, and may be general consequences of the presence of a cataract, from whatever cause. The differences between ultrastructural abnormalities seen in the drug induced and inherited cataracts suggest that these etiological agents induce cataracts by different mechanisms, a fact that is not always apparent from