For the Diploma work we chose the theme: ``Algesia and pain tolerance across cultures``. We chose it because due to globalisation and migration of inhabitants cultures from the whole world reside in the Czech Republic. We decided for three the most numerous cultural groups in the Czech Republic, which are Czechs, Romanies and Vietnamese. These cultures, despite living in one territory, have a different history, different customs and traditions and approach differently to health and disease. They perceive pain differently, it has a different importance for them and they use different ways of calming the pain. To get to know these cultures closer in the area of pain and to describe differences between Czechs, Romanies and Vietnamese is the essential for a good quality professional and especially multicultural care. For better lucidity and coherence we divided the theoretical part into four sections. The first one is devoted to basic information about pain, its history, factors that affect algesia and its treatment. Other sections are focused gradually on each culture separately. We mention brief history of the relevant culture, pain treatment in the past and especially pain symptoms in the relevant culture, algesia and tolerance of pain. For the empirical section there were defined three targets and five hypotheses. We should find out and compare the differences in calming pain in Romany, Vietnamese and Czech culture in domestic and hospital environment. We should further find out whether the designated cultures consider pain a part of their lives and the last target was to find out the effect of pain on normal activity leading to initiation of activities for pain calming. The targets were established based on the assumption that members of nation minorities in the Czech Republic, in this work specially Romanies and Vietnamese, prefer non-pharmacological ways of calming pain to the pharmacological ones and that Czechs do not consider pain a part of their life unlike members of the nation minorities in the Czech Republic. Other assumption was that a church person bears pain better than an atheist. And last two assumptions were that Romanies have lower pain tolerance than Czechs and that Vietnamese higher. The research was carried out at a selected sample of representatives of all three cultures in form of questionnaires. On the basis of results it is possible to say that the work targets were met. The first two hypotheses were not proved and the last three were.

This ethnographic study explores how 'Romanian Roma' migrants in the UK, without previous relationships to their place of arrival, negotiate their identity to make place in a diverse urban area. The thesis argues that state forms are (re)produced through embedded social relations. The restructuring of the UK welfare state, coupled with processes of labelling, means that the notion of public and private space is changing. Migrants' encounters with state actors in the home are increasingly important. I lived with three families between January 2013 and March 2014, during a period of shifting labour market regulations and the end of European Union transitional controls in January 2014. Through mapping families' relationships and connections, I identify encounters in the home with state actors regarding children as a defining feature of place-making. The thesis introduces the term 'home encounter' to trace the interplay of discourses and performances between state actors and those they identified as 'Romanian Roma'. Due to the restructuring of UK welfare, various roles assume different 'faces of the state'. These include education officers, health visitors, sub-contracted NGO workers, charismatic pastors and volunteers. The home encounter is presented as a public 'state act' (Bourdieu 2012) where negotiations of values take place in private space determining access to membership and welfare resources. In addition, blurring boundaries between welfare regulations and immigration control mean that these actors' seemingly small decisions have far-reaching consequences. The analysis raises questions of how to understand practices of government in diverse urban areas; the affect of labelling, place and performance on material power inequalities; and processes of discrimination and othering.

The degree work deals with the present attitude of Romanies to death and dying, and especially the Romany funeral. The work aim is the reflexion on the Romany perspective of death and dying including their special characteristics (customs, rituals, traditions) in view of these days. The work is divided into four chapters, in which theoretical and practical knowledge is entwined and complemented. The first three chapters dwell on death, life after death and funeral rituals in general, and further on Romany history connected to their death and dying and contemporary Romany funeral traditions, including Romany faith in afterlife and spirits of the dead. The last chapter of the degree work summarizes the knowledge of the previous three chapters, and it is the very mentioned reflexion of the attitude of Romanies to death and dying.

The work consists of two parts, theoretical and experimental. The theoretical part deals with the specialities of Romany ethnic minority, it concentrates on the mutual relations among Romanies and majority, present status of Romany community, current drug scene and care system of the drug dependents. The aim of my experimental work has been to look through the life of drug dependent Romanies, to upvalue their situatio, to map the spectrum of drug use and to reveal problems connected with drugs. I also wanted to investigate the possibilities of specific services for Romany drug users and tried to reveal the real causes of low use of current offer by dependent Romanies.

This study examines Liszt's use of the style hongrois in his Swiss book of Années de pèlerinage to reference certain sentiments he had experienced. The event that brought Liszt to Switzerland is discussed in Chapter 1 in order to establish an understanding of the personal difficulties facing Liszt during the period when the Swiss book took shape. Based on Jonathan Bellman's research of the style hongrois, Chapter 2 examines the Swiss pieces that exhibit musical gestures characteristic of this style. Bellman also introduced a second, metaphoric meaning of the style hongrois, which is discussed in Chapter 3 along with Liszt's accounts from his book Des Bohémien as well as the literary quotations that are included in the Swiss book. Together, the biographical facts, the accounts from Des Bohémien, and the literary quotations show that Liszt was using the style hongrois to substantiate the autobiographical significance of the Swiss book.

This diploma thesis deals with the values of children and youth in the context of a sociocultural disadvantaged backgrounds. The work has theoretical and empirical character. The theoretical part explains the basic terminology and assumptions relating to values and value orientation, moral development of children, social exclusion. The text provides a detailed description of the Roma population including its history and current status, possible causes of problems and theoretical solutions psychosocial differences. Practical work provides data on socially excluded Roma locality Chanov and especially local elementary school. The research study provides an interpretation which life values Roma children perceive as important and what attitude to their value orientation have teachers of elementary school Chanov. The results of interviews and questionnaires are compared with the conclusions of the studies mentioned in the theoretical part.

L’objet de cette recherche est la situation des Tsiganes de Bessarabie sous trois administrations :tsariste (1812-1918), roumaine (1918-1940, 1941-1944) et soviétique (1940-1941, 1944-156). Au niveau macro, nous nous sommes intéressés plus principalement à la politique des « villages tsiganes » qui est selon nous la plus révélatrice d’une continuité entre les trois administrations. Au niveau micro, nous avons suivi le parcours de quelques villages du centre et du sud de la Bessarabie sous ces trois administrations. <p>En schématisant, on peut affirmer que le régime tsariste a appliqué en Bessarabie une politique de sédentarisation forcée par ségrégation. Nous l’illustrons par le cas des « villages tsiganes » de Kair et Faraonovka. L’administration roumaine pendant la dictature d’Antonescu a appliqué une politique de déportation en dehors des frontières historiques de la Roumanie, même si au départ il était question de créer des « villages tsiganes » dans la région de Baragan dans la partie sud-est du pays. Le régime soviétique a opté pour une politique de ségrégation forcée par assimilation.<p> / Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

The thesis deals with the role of the state and society in their attitudes to poverty and social exclusion. The introductory part aims at characterising the phenomenon of poverty and social exclusion, and deals with the issue of how the society perceives poverty. It focuses on the concept of the culture of poverty, and attention is given to the need of solidarity, social justice and the social state. The following part of my thesis deals with the extent of poverty and social exclusion in the Czech Republic, as well as possibilities of a social safety net in the Czech Republic. It describes particular examples of the manifestation of social exclusion and poverty in the Czech society, especially in the sphere of housing, opportunities in the labour market and falling into destructive debts. It sheds light on the situation of Romanies as the worst affected population group. The current situation in the Czech Republic shows that the attitude of the society to poverty as a personal fault and failure, impedes mutual solidarity, and generates strategies connected with repression that fail to understand the causes of poverty. For this reason, they cannot be adequately efficient. The society should react to, consider and efficiently solve poverty-related problems. Inspiration may be found in Christian ethics and its concept of human dignity.