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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-03-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:23:38Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_ecm_dr_fran.pdf: 3062689 bytes, checksum: 91c552b0f528b7396b9536c367712259 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O Levante das Estátuas tem sido visto como um dos maiores casos de sedição do século IV d.C. As documentações textuais do período são abundantes. Nós podemos ter notícias acerca dos acontecimentos deste conflito a partir de diferentes perspectivas e mediante múltiplos testemunhos antigos e também por meio da historiografia. Tradicionalmente, as documentações principais que nos fornecem as primeiras narrativas acerca dessa sedição são As Homilias sobre as Estátuas ao Povo de Antioquia, de João Crisóstomo, e As Orações sobre o ‘Levante das Estátuas’, de Libânio de Antioquia. Na presente pesquisa, nós iremos estudar o Levante das Estátuas do ponto de vista de João Crisóstomo e Libânio de Antioquia. Nosso objetivo é relacionar ambas essas perspectivas fazendo comparações e paralelos entre elas. A compreensão moderna acerca da relação entre as perspectivas de João Crisósotomo e Libânio de Antioquia sobre o Levante das Estátuas é, frequentemente, demonstrada em termos de uma oposição política desigual. A perspectiva de João Crisóstomo é, geralmente, imersa em um contexto no qual o cristianismo é dominante e a perspectiva de Libânio e inserida em um ambiente onde o paganismo já não exerce influência e poder. Essa Tese de Doutorado discorrerá sobre os escritos, ações e relações de João Crisóstomo e Libânio de Antioquia de modo que possamos argumentar que ambos eram influentes em espaços e círculos sociais específicos e o tema do Levante das Estátuas é um claro exemplo da autoridade comparável entre ambos os autores antigos. Nosso objetivo também é compreender as perspectivas de João Crisóstomo e Libânio em seu contexto original, ou seja, dentro do contexto do Império Romano, especialmente a partir do cenário da cidade de Antioquia de Orontes, no particular... / The ‘Riot of the Statues’ is seen as one of the major seditions in fourth century A.D. Primary sources about the theme are plentiful. We learn about its accounts from different perspectives and from multiple ancient testimonies and historiography. Traditionally, the main primary sources which give us a first narrative on the sedition are The Homilies on the Statues to the People of Antioch by John Chrysostom and The Orations upon The Riots of A.D. 387 by Libanius of Antioch. In the present research, we will study ‘The Riot of the Statues’ from the point of view of John Chrysostom and Libanius of Antioch. Our aim is to relate both perspectives making comparisons between them. Our modern understanding of the relationship between John Chrysostom and Libanius of Antioch’ analyses about ‘The Riot of the Statues’ is often posed in terms of an imbalanced political opposition. John Chrysostom’s point of view on the riot is often immerged in a Christianity prevailing context whereas Libanius’ lies in an environment in which Paganism is already lacking power and influence. This dissertation will explore the writings, actions and connections of John Chrysostom and Libanius with the purpose to show that both were influential in particular fronts, and that the subject of ‘The Riot of the Statues’ is one of the most clear examples of their comparable authority. We also intend to understand John Chrysostom and Libanius’ ideas about the riot in its original context, i.e., in the Later Roman Empire period, concerning especially the Antioch-on-the-Orontes city settings, in a particular sense, and in Late Antiquity, in a broader meaning, considering all the particular features of this specific riot and also its relationship to the group of fourth century Antiochenes conflicts... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Margarida Maria de Carvalho / Banca: Renan Frighetto / Banca: Gilvan Ventura da Silva / Banca: Carlos Augusto Ribeiro Machado / Banca: Márcia Pereira da Silva / Resumo: O Levante das Estátuas tem sido visto como um dos maiores casos de sedição do século IV d.C. As documentações textuais do período são abundantes. Nós podemos ter notícias acerca dos acontecimentos deste conflito a partir de diferentes perspectivas e mediante múltiplos testemunhos antigos e também por meio da historiografia. Tradicionalmente, as documentações principais que nos fornecem as primeiras narrativas acerca dessa sedição são As Homilias sobre as Estátuas ao Povo de Antioquia, de João Crisóstomo, e As Orações sobre o 'Levante das Estátuas', de Libânio de Antioquia. Na presente pesquisa, nós iremos estudar o Levante das Estátuas do ponto de vista de João Crisóstomo e Libânio de Antioquia. Nosso objetivo é relacionar ambas essas perspectivas fazendo comparações e paralelos entre elas. A compreensão moderna acerca da relação entre as perspectivas de João Crisósotomo e Libânio de Antioquia sobre o Levante das Estátuas é, frequentemente, demonstrada em termos de uma oposição política desigual. A perspectiva de João Crisóstomo é, geralmente, imersa em um contexto no qual o cristianismo é dominante e a perspectiva de Libânio e inserida em um ambiente onde o paganismo já não exerce influência e poder. Essa Tese de Doutorado discorrerá sobre os escritos, ações e relações de João Crisóstomo e Libânio de Antioquia de modo que possamos argumentar que ambos eram influentes em espaços e círculos sociais específicos e o tema do Levante das Estátuas é um claro exemplo da autoridade comparável entre ambos os autores antigos. Nosso objetivo também é compreender as perspectivas de João Crisóstomo e Libânio em seu contexto original, ou seja, dentro do contexto do Império Romano, especialmente a partir do cenário da cidade de Antioquia de Orontes, no particular... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The 'Riot of the Statues' is seen as one of the major seditions in fourth century A.D. Primary sources about the theme are plentiful. We learn about its accounts from different perspectives and from multiple ancient testimonies and historiography. Traditionally, the main primary sources which give us a first narrative on the sedition are The Homilies on the Statues to the People of Antioch by John Chrysostom and The Orations upon The Riots of A.D. 387 by Libanius of Antioch. In the present research, we will study 'The Riot of the Statues' from the point of view of John Chrysostom and Libanius of Antioch. Our aim is to relate both perspectives making comparisons between them. Our modern understanding of the relationship between John Chrysostom and Libanius of Antioch' analyses about 'The Riot of the Statues' is often posed in terms of an imbalanced political opposition. John Chrysostom's point of view on the riot is often immerged in a Christianity prevailing context whereas Libanius' lies in an environment in which Paganism is already lacking power and influence. This dissertation will explore the writings, actions and connections of John Chrysostom and Libanius with the purpose to show that both were influential in particular fronts, and that the subject of 'The Riot of the Statues' is one of the most clear examples of their comparable authority. We also intend to understand John Chrysostom and Libanius' ideas about the riot in its original context, i.e., in the Later Roman Empire period, concerning especially the Antioch-on-the-Orontes city settings, in a particular sense, and in Late Antiquity, in a broader meaning, considering all the particular features of this specific riot and also its relationship to the group of fourth century Antiochenes conflicts... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Orientador: Margarida Maria de Carvalho / Banca: Ana Teresa Marques Gonçalves / Banca: Andrea Lucia Dorini de Oliveira Carvalho Rossi / Resumo: A construção da imagem de Augusto é algo muito estudado pela historiografia atual. Obras como a Eneida de Virgílio e muitos escritos de Horácio, de escritores contemporâneos a Otávio Augusto, são usadas como referências desta propaganda política, militar, social e ideológica do Principado Romano. Notam-se, a partir de obras como estas, as construções em torno da imagem de Augusto e o uso desta, para legitimar o novo sistema político que surgia em Roma. Ainda, durante este processo de legitimação e propaganda, foi-nos possível perceber como se dá a utilização de imagens de grandes personagens públicos romanos, tais como Júlio César e Marco Antônio, e como é construída a representação de Augusto, como Princeps, em torno de semelhanças e diferenças destes personagens. Sendo assim, nosso objetivo nesta presente pesquisa é analisar como se criaram representações em torno da imagem de Augusto, a partir da oposição das figuras de Júlio César e Marco Antônio. Para tanto, selecionamos obras de períodos e gêneros narrativos distintos, a fim de, com isso, conseguirmos um entendimento mais amplo acerca do período analisado. Trata-se das obras de Veléio Patérculo, História Romana, duas biografias de Plutarco, César e Antônio, presentes na obra Vidas Paralelas, e duas biografias - O Divino Júlio César e O Divino Augusto - de Suetônio, presentes em sua obra A Vida dos Doze Césares / Abstract: The formation of Augustus' image is something much studied by the historiography nowadays. Works like the Aeneid by Virgil and many Horace's writings, from contemporary writers in time of Octavius Augustus are used as references from these political, military, social and ideological of the Roman Principality. It is noticed, from works like these, formations around the image of Augustus and the usage of it to legitimate the new political as starting in Rome. Yet, during this process of legitimacy and spreading, it was possible to realize how the usage of images of great Roman political people works, such as Julius Caesar and MarK Antony, how the representation of Augustus is formed like Princeps, around the resemblance and difference of these characters. Thus, our aim in this present research is to analyze how representations around the image of Augustus were formed from the opposition of images of Juius Caesar and Mark Antony. Because of that, we selected works from periods and distinct narrative genres so we could understand better about the analyzed period. It is about Velleius Paterculus' works. Roman History, two Plutarcus biographies, Caesar and Antony, present in the work Parallel Lives and two biographies - The Divine Julius Caesar and the Divine Augustus - by Suetonius, presented in his work The Twelve Caesars / Mestre

Orientador: Margarida Maria de Carvalho / Banca: Claudio Umpierre Carlan / Banca: Carlos Augusto Ribeiro Machado / Resumo: No contexto da Antiguidade Tardia, observamos os ideais de Realeza que se propagaram no Império Romano no século IV d.C., mais especificamente, nos relatos de dois autores que partilharam dos acontecimentos políticos ocorridos entre os governos de Constâncio II a Teodósio (337-395 d.C.), sendo eles: o filósofo Temístio (317-388 d.C.) com seus discursos políticos; e o militar Amiano Marcelino (325/330-395 d.C.) com sua obra Res Gestae. Ao longo de nossa pesquisa, buscamos observar as características de cada autor, e confluímos suas experiências de vida para encontrarmos os pontos convergentes e divergentes de seus conceitos em torno das responsabilidades Imperiais. Nesse ínterim, ressaltarmos o entrelaçamento entre romanos e bárbaros, muito perceptível nesse momento; e como este processo de interação de culturas influenciou no pensamento dos escritores tardo-antigos aqui estudados. Também, preocupamo-nos em observar como um filósofo e um militar desenvolveram tais ideais em relação a dois governantes distintos: Joviano (363-364 d.C.) e Valentiniano I (364-375 d.C.), para tanto fizemos uma análise mais especifica dos Discursos V - A Joviano - e VI - ao Amor Fraterno ou Sobre a Humanidade - de Temístio e dos Livros XV a XXX de Amiano Marcelino, por serem Imperadores eleitos diretamente pelo Exército Romano, sem o auxilio de outros órgãos da sociedade romana. Além disso, são eles, até o momento, os imperadores romanos menos explorados pelas historiografias ibérica, francesa, britânica e nacional consultadas até o momento. Em geral, tais historiografias quando se referem a esses governantes, os mencionam de maneira pejorativa. Assim, em um momento de grande efervescência sócio-político cultural, dois autores não cristãos escrevem seus trabalhos, com o intuito de relembrarem seu público ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: In the context of Late Antiquity, we observe the ideals of Royalty which spread throughout the Roman Empire in the IV century AD, especially the reports of two writers who shared political events which occurred between the governments of Constantius II and Theodosius (337-395 AD), they are: the philosopher Themistius (317-388 AD) with his political speeches and the military Ammianus Marcellinus (325/330-395 AD) with his work Res Gestae. Throughout our research, we aimed to observe the characteristics of each writer and merge their life experiences to find the convergent and divergent points of their concepts around the imperial responsibilities. Meanwhile, we highlight the interlinking between Romans and barbarians, very perceptible at that time; since this process of culture interaction influenced the thoughts of the ancient late writers here studied. We also sought to observe how a philosopher and a military developed such ideals in relation to two distinct rulers: Jovian (363-364 AD) and Valentinian I (364-375 AD), for this a more specific analysis of the Speeches V was made - to Jovian - and VI - to Fraternal Love or on Humanity - Themistius‟ and Books XV to XXX by Ammianus Marcellinus for being Emperors directly elected by the Roman Army, without any help from other agencies of the Roman society. Moreover, they are, so far, the least explored Roman emperors by the Iberian, French, British and national historiographies checked so far. In general, when such historiographies refer to these rulers, they are mentioned in a pejorative way. Thus, in a time of great socio-political and cultural excitement, two non-Christian writers write their papers in order to remind their audience of the importance of virtues and, because of that, both of them base themselves in examples from the classical tradition; the same way we perceive other elements that permeate the structure of both good rulers: Themistius and Ammianus Marcellinus / Mestre

The purpose of this thesis is to trace the constitutional methods by which stability was restored to the Roman Empire after the civil wars of the middle part of the third century. The core of the problem was the lack of any specific laws concerning the appointment of imperial successors and the predominance of the army in the politics of the period. During the first two centuries of the Christian era the hereditary principle, never recognized in law, had brought stability to the imperial succession but the emperor's fundamental role as commander-in-chief of the armies necessitated that the elective principle be invoked by the military in order to oppose the barbarian invasions. The failure of this system became manifest in the decline of imperial unity and indicated that a method had to be devised whereby the succession might become automatic and at the same time might ensure capable military leaders. By an investigation of the ancient literary sources, and especially those which record imperial propaganda, and to a lesser extent the legal codes, inscriptions, and coins, an attempt is made in this thesis to trace the restoration of stability in the imperial succession. This restoration was accomplished in two distinct stages. In the first Diocletian anticipated potential usurpers by associating them with himself in the imperial power. Diocletian's denial of hereditary right led to the downfall of his system, the Tetrarchy, but the restoration of imperial unity enabled the dynastic system to flourish in the second stage under Constantine and his successors. / Arts, Faculty of / Classical, Near Eastern and Religious Studies, Department of / Graduate

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This thesis is a literary study of how the life and works of Marcus Tullius Cicero were received in the century that followed his death. There are two ways of understanding the importance of such a study: the first is to think of it as a vital first step in assessing Cicero's impact on European thought and literature; the second is to see it as a study of how the people of early imperial Rome interacted with their Republican past. In order to provide a broad overview of this subject, I have chosen to focus on three separate areas of imperial literature which together provide a representative snapshot of Roman literary activity in this period. The period in question is essentially an extended Augustan age: beginning with Cicero's death ending in the reign of Tiberius. The first area of imperial literature under consideration is historiography. This section begins with a consideration of Sallust's decision to downplay Cicero's role in defeating the Catilinarian Conspiracy, ultimately concluding that this is authorial posturing on Sallust's part, a reflection of Cicero's importance in the years immediately following his death. This is followed by a chapter on the presence of Ciceronian allusions in Livy, arguing that they were a key means by which he enriched his narrative of the Hannibalic war. It concludes with two chapters on historiographical descriptions of Cicero's death, noting that these treatments become markedly more hagiographic the further one progresses into Tiberius' Principate. The second area under consideration is rhetoric, specifically focussing on the prominence of the declamation hall in this era. The three chapters in this section study the testimony of Valerius Maximus and Seneca the Elder, both of whom bear witness to Cicero's fundamental importance to this institution. The section concludes that the world of declamation was the prime motor for the hagiographic treatments of Cicero that was noted in the later historical accounts of his death. The third and final section considers the poetry of the Augustan era, demonstrating that a process of declining sophistication is not the whole story in Cicero's reception. By looking at Virgil and Ovid's intertextual relationships with Cicero, this section demonstrates that he was a rich source of inspiration for some of the ancient world's most erudite authors.

This thesis explores the life and reign of Julian the Apostate the man who ruled over the Roman Empire from A.D. 361-363. The study of Julian the Apostate’s reign has historically been eclipsed due to his clash with Christianity. After the murder of his family in 337 by his Christian cousin Constantius, Julian was sent into exile. These emotional experiences would impact his view of the Christian religion for the remainder of his life. Julian did have conflict with the Christians but his main goal in the end was the revival of ancient paganism and the restoration of the Empire back to her glory. The purpose of this study is to trace the education and experiences that Julian had undergone and the effects they it had on his reign. Julian was able to have both a Christian and pagan education that would have a lifelong influence on his reign. Julian’s career was a short but significant one. Julian restored the cities of the empire and made beneficial reforms to the legal, educational, political and religious institutions throughout the Empire. The pagan historians praised him for his public services to the empire while the Christians have focused on his apostasy and “persecution” of their faith. With his untimely death in Persia, Julian’s successor Jovian, reversed most of his previous reforms and as such left Julian as the last pagan emperor of the Roman Empire.