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Commissioned in 1865 for London’s South Kensington Museum (now the V&A), the Green Dining Room was conceived during an exciting period in Victorian Britain, when idealistic artists and architects elevated the status of the decorative arts in fine art circles, promoted the ideal of joy in labour, and sought beauty in the everyday. The Green Dining Room is considered a quintessential example of an early decorative scheme by Morris, Marshall, Faulkner & Co., a collective of artists who helped to inspire Britain’s Arts and Crafts movement through their products and their principles of art manufacture. It is adjoined by two other refreshment areas: one designed by James Gamble (a salaried employee of the museum) and the other by Edward Poynter (a promising young painter with an affinity for the decorative arts). The three rooms manifest varied, even conflicting, opinions on the cultivation of design. They indicate how different design professionals hoped to see their art progress. However, the rooms were not simply artistic statements. They were also functioning dining areas for the use of guests and employees of the museum. By assessing the aims of the South Kensington administration, the ambitions of the designers who contributed to the museum’s fabric, and the impressions of Victorians who witnessed the results, I will illustrate how the Green Dining Room occupies a unique position in the history of nineteenth-century design reform. / Thesis (Ph.D, Art History) -- Queen's University, 2008-09-07 21:35:05.076

Bakgrunden till denna rapport ligger i hur arkitekturkonsten genom tiden behandlat dagsljuset med största precision för att på bästa sätt ta tillvara på dess kvalitéer, och hur den tekniska revolutionen med artificiell belysning idag påverkat vårt sätt att behandla dagsljus. Syftet med studien är att bidra till kunskapen om hur dagsljusinsläppet påverkar upplevelsen av ett rum. Målet är att klargöra hur dagsljusinsläppets proportioner och placering påverkar hur det infallande ljuset uppträder i rummet och hur det inverkar på hur rummet upplevs. Studien är tänkt att kunna användas av planerare för att i trivsamhetssyfte skapa ett så bra dagsljusinsläpp som möjligt. Följande frågeställningar formulerades: Hur påverkar placeringen av dagsljusinsläppen upplevelsen av ett rum? Hur påverkar proportionerna av dagsljusinsläppen upplevelsen av ett rum? Hur mycket ljus kommer in i rummet med hänsyn till proportioner och placering av dagsljusinsläppen? Undersökningen inleddes med ett förexperiment där fönsterutformningar observerades i en modell för att sedan testas i ett fullskaleexperiment. Under experimentet gjordes enkätundersökningar på en urvalsgrupp om 20 personer som fick svara på frågor om rumsupplevelse, och därefter gjordes ljusmätningar i samtliga fyra experimentrum. Resultatet visar att stora dagsljusinsläpp ger en hög ljusnivå men bidrar till låg rumslighet, försämrade kontrastförhållanden och ökad risk för bländning. Mindre, lågt placerade horisontella dagsljusinsläpp ger i princip samma ljusnivå men skapar en bättre rumslighet och minskar risken för bländning. Med högt placerade horisontella dagsljusinsläpp visar resultatet en försämring av rumsupplevelsen då rummet upplevs slutet och instängt. Det har visat sig att fönsterytans area påverkar, men inte varit avgörande för hur dagsljusinsläppet påverkar upplevelsen av rummet, det ser ut som att placeringen istället haft mycket större påverkan på rumsupplevelsen. Det visar också att de mörkare rummen har högre rumslighet än de ljusare. Studien visar att testpersonerna trivdes bäst i rummet med lågt horisontellt placerade dagsljusinsläpp. / The background to this report is based on how architectural art through times been treating daylight with greatest precision to take advantage of its good quality, and how the technical revolution with artificial lighting affects our way of working with daylighting today. The purpose of the study is to contribute to the knowledge how the daylight opening affects the perception of a room. The aim is to clarify how proportions and placement affects how the incident light occurs in the room and how that affects on how the room is perceived. The study is meant to be used by lighting planners, and in terms of pleasantness, be able to create the best possible daylight environment. The following questions were formulated: How do the positions of daylight openings affect the perception of a room? How do the proportions of daylight openings affect the perception of a room? How much light enters the room as a result of proportions and placements of daylight openings? The investigation began with a pre-experiment where window configurations were observed in a scale model and then tested in a full-scale experiment. During the experiment surveys were made in a sample group of twenty people who had to answer questions about spatial experience, followed by lighting calculations that were made in all four experimental settings. The result shows that large daylight openings provide a high level of light but contribute to low spatiality, deterioration of contrasts and increased risk of glare. Smaller, low-set horizontal daylight openings tend to give the same levels of light but create a better sense of space and reduce glare. With high positioned horizontal daylight openings the result shows a deterioration of spatial experience and the room is perceived closed and stuffy. A vertical daylight opening is shown to make the room feel small and high, and the level of light is low, the contrast ratio and the completeness experienced worsening. The result shows that the window surface area affects the experience but is not essential how the daylight openings affect the perception of the room, it looks like the matter of placement have greatest impact on the room experience. It also shows that the darker rooms have higher spatiality than the lighter ones. The study shows that the test group liked the room with low-set horizontal daylight openings better.

The background to this report is based on how architectural art through times been treating daylight with greatest precision to take advantage of its good quality, and how the technical revolution with artificial lighting affects our way of working with daylighting today. The purpose of the study is to contribute to the knowledge how the daylight opening affects the perception of a room. The aim is to clarify how proportions and placement affects how the incident light occurs in the room and how that affects on how the room is perceived. The study is meant to be used by lighting planners, and in terms of pleasantness, be able to create the best possible daylight environment.

Using Lancaster’s characteristics approach to consumer theory the study investigates the impact of a variety of characteristics on the rates charged for hotel rooms in Stockholm. In particular, it examines how a number of these characteristics explain variations in room rates between weekdays and weekends. Data for 105 observations (weekday sample) and 110 observations (weekend sample) were extracted from 49 hotels in and around the Swedish capital of Stockholm from the Internet-based hotel booking site hotels.com. Based on semilog regression analysis three models for the whole sample, weekday sample and weekend sample were estimated. The results show that the provision of breakfast, distance from the city center, availability of minibar in a room, provision of free cancellation option, average room size, number of guest rooms (hotel size) and hotel star rating have significant effects on both weekday and weekend room rates. By contrast, the presence of bathroom and the provision of free parking space turned out to be insignificant in both models; whereas the provision of a 24-hour room service and association with hotel chain appear to be significant only in the weekday model. The impact of the star variable is also found to be more pronounced during the weekdays than weekends. These results are expected to shed light on which hotel characteristics consumers have to pay extra, and enhance hotel managers’ strategic pricing. The study also highlights the critical role of a proper definition and measurement of the hotel star rating in hedonic pricing.Many hedonic studies have regressed the number of stars, which are ordinal measures of quality that indicate the relative ranking of hotels, in their cardinal sense. As a result, they have failed to measure the impact of each rating independently. To solve this recurrent problem, the study attempts to provide another method of quantifying the star variable whereby one can accurately measure the star rating and capture the impact of each rating independently by creating “one less dummy variable than there are alternatives”. It is hoped that this will inspire further research and analysis.

With the increasing requirements for higher strength materials with high electrical conductivity, a lot of interest has been paid to develop Cu-based composites in the last 25 years. These composites have superior tensile strength, combined with good electrical conductivity, to that exhibited by pure Cu and conventional Cu alloys. To date, much of the research carried out on this composite has focused on the mechanical and electrical properties of the as processed material. However, there is a basic lack of understanding of the way in which the properties may change or degrade during service. Without this knowledge, these composites cannot be fully and safely exploited. Thus the objective of this study was to investigate the thermo-mechanical behaviour of a Cu-Cr composite, and the nature and extent of any damage mechanisms occurring within the composite over a wide range of experimental conditions. Neutron diffraction was used to investigate the deformation behaviour of the individual phases in the composite and their interaction through elastic and plastic loading at room temperature. For the composite, a fairly good agreement was observed in the phase strains predicted by the Eshelby theory and measured by neutron diffraction. In-situ tensile tests in the SEM were also performed to study the damage mechanism of the composite. Tensile and creep tests were carried out in air and in vacuum over a wide range of temperatures. To provide data for comparison with the composite material, pure Cu specimens were tested whenever possible. Creep resistance increases significantly with the introduction of Cr fibres into Cu. The higher creep rate of the composite in air than in vacuum is due to the gradual decrease of the cross-sectional area of the matrix due to increasing thickness of the oxide layer. Damage characteristics and distributions were found to be similar during tensile and creep testing.

In selected patients, surgical treatments such as cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) have enabled curative treatment options for previously incurable diseases, such as peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC). The introduction of resource demanding surgery could affect the work process, efficiency, and productivity within a surgical department and factors influencing patient postoperative recovery processes may have an impact on the efficiency of patient care after major surgery. The aim of this thesis was to investigate operating room efficiency from the perspective of both staff and leaders’ in two different settings (Papers I and II) and the early postoperative recovery of patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis (Papers III and IV). Interviews were held with 21 people in a county hospital and 11 members of the PC team in a university hospital, and a phenomenographic approach was used to analysis the data (Papers I and II). The patients’ postoperative recovery and pulmonary adverse events (AE) were determined from data retrieved from the electronic health records of 76 patients (Papers III and IV). The concept of efficiency was understood in different ways by staff members and their leaders (Paper I). However, when working in a team, the team members had both organisation-oriented and individual-oriented understanding of efficiency at work that focused on the patients and the quality of care (Paper II). The patients with PC regained gastrointestinal functions and could be mobilised during early postoperative recovery phase, although many patients suffered from psychological disturbances, sleep deprivation, and nausea (Paper III). Postoperative clinical and radiological pulmonary AE were common, but did not affect the early recovery process (Paper IV). In conclusion, leaders who are aware of the variation in understanding the concept of efficiency are better able to create the same platform for staff members by defining the concept of efficiency within the organisation. In a team organisation, the team members have a wider understanding of the concept of efficiency with more focus on the patients. The factors affecting postoperative recovery and pulmonary AE should be considered when designing individualised patient care plans in order to attain a more efficient recovery.

Den här studien är ett examensarbete inom informationsdesign med inriktning rumslig gestaltning. Arbetet omfattar tio veckor av studier som har resulterat i en rapport samt ett gestaltningsförslag. Fokus i studien har varit på att undersöka vilka funktioner som bör tydliggöras i väntrummet på ungdomshälsan i Uppsala. Efter litteraturstudier och insamling av empirisk data har ett designförslag tagits fram. I designförslaget har väntrumsytan utökats. En ny planlösnings syftar till att skapa förutsättningar för både integritet och öppenhet. Ett färgkoncept i väntrummet bidrar till att ungdomarna lättare kan orientera sig samtidigt som informationen om yrkesgrupperna, på ungdomshälsan, synliggjorts. / This study is a thesis in information design, focusing on spatial design. The thesis includes ten weeks of study, which has resulted in a report and a design proposal. The aim of the thesis has been to study the functions that need to be clearer in the waiting room in the adolescence healthcare center in Uppsala. The design proposal is based on literature studies and the collection of empirical data. In the design proposal the waiting room area in the adolescence healthcare center has been made larger, with a new spatial plan that aims to create opportunities for both privacy and openness. A colour concept makes it both easier for the young people to orientate in the waiting room as well as enhancing visual information about the available professions.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Marburg, 1980. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 214-240).

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Duquesne University, 2006. / Title from document title page. Abstract included in electronic submission form. Includes bibliographical references (p.146-151) and index.