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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Comparative study of the patterns of encystment and pathogenicity of zoospores of Phytophthora and Pythium spp. on a range of axenically-grown angiosperm roots

Raftoyannis, Yannis January 1999 (has links)
No description available.
2

Procerum root disease physiology and disease interactions with ozone

Carlson, Jodi A. 02 March 2006 (has links)
Procerum root disease of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.), caused by Leptographium procerum (Kendr.) Wingf., has been epidemic in Virginia Christmas tree plantations since 1990. Symptoms of chlorosis, wilt, and decreased apical growth resemble those of water stress. Resin infiltration of the xylem at the stem base may be responsible for vascular occlusion leading to severe water deficits and mortality. The pathogen has been isolated from the roots of ozone-sensitive eastern white pines in the field, although not from nearby tolerant trees, and it may be that ozone sensitivity predisposes the trees to infection. The objectives of my Studies were to investigate the physiology of diseased white pines, and to determine the effects of ozone fumigation on disease development. Impacts of vascular occlusion upon host water relations and gas exchange were investigated in 8-yr-old, plantation-grown, white pine Christmas trees. Disease severity was estimated as the proportion of resin-soaked cross-sectional area at the base of the stem. The linear response of a suite of six physiological variables to disease severity was highly significant. Individually, the variables pre-dawn water potential, daily change in pre-dawn to mid-day water potential, stomatal conductance, and photosynthetic and transpiration rates all decreased significantly with increasing disease severity. Fumigation studies were conducted on white and loblolly (P. taeda L.) pine seedlings to determine if ozone exposure increased the incidence of root disease or the amount of stem tissue colonized by L. procerum. Roots were inoculated by soil drenching with conidial suspension, and stems were wounded at the base and inoculated with mycelium. Beginning 24 h post-inoculation, and for 14 consecutive days, seedlings were fumigated in closed chambers with charcoal-filtered air or 200 ppb ozone for 5 h/day, then removed to a charcoal-filtered greenhouse. Six weeks post-inoculation, root and stem tissue were plated on a medium selective for L. procerum. Ozone treatment did not significantly affect the proportion of diseased roots per seedling or the vertical colonization of stem tissue in seedlings of either species. / Ph. D.
3

Supressividade natural de solos do Nordeste brasileiro à murcha-de-fusário e rizoctoniose do caupi

ANDRIÓN, Eddy Enrique Barraza 31 July 2009 (has links)
Submitted by (lucia.rodrigues@ufrpe.br) on 2017-03-16T12:53:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Eddy Enrique Barraza Andrion (1).pdf: 947495 bytes, checksum: aa5e0f6002d19bd71d54a71eae9dc237 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-16T12:53:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Eddy Enrique Barraza Andrion (1).pdf: 947495 bytes, checksum: aa5e0f6002d19bd71d54a71eae9dc237 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-07-31 / The cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) is one of the main crops in the Northeast of Brazil especially for the small farmers. The Fusarium wilt and Rhizoctonia canker caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. tracheiphilum and Rhizoctonia solani, respectively are the cowpea diseases showing more frequency and intensity in the Northeast of Brazil. This work aimed to evaluate the natural suppressiveness of 66 soils of this region to the Fusarium wilt and Rhizoctonia canker, and to analyze the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of this soils associated with disease suppressiveness or conducivity. The evaluated soils were grouped from highly suppressive to highly conducive in relation to Fusarium wilt and Rhizoctonia canker severities. The main variables involved in Fusarium wilt suppressiveness were high levels of phosphorus and potassium, basal respiration (CO2 evolution) and indexes of microbial diversity and equitability. For Rhizoctonia canker important correlations were determined with levels of phosphorus, potassium and sodium, basal respiration and enzymatic activity of fluorescein diacetate. There was no correlation between physical factors and suppressiveness to Fusarium wilt, but it was possible to correlate the levels of sand, clay and silt with suppressiveness and/or conducivity of Rhizoctonia canker. Three soils previously classified as highly supressive to Rhizoctonia canker were evaluated in relation to eight strains and three inoculum densities of R. solani. There was significant difference among soils and strains in relation to levels of disease severity. In the three soils the severity levels induced by the strain CMM-1053 were similar to those observed in former studies. Most of the strains showed different behavior in relation to soils, except for CMM-1064 and CMM-1066. There was significant difference among disease severity levels and different inoculum densities. The three soils presented good stability in relation to the different R. solani strains, but the inoculum density may be a limiting factor in the implementation of the natural soil suppressiveness or the supressivity induction in conducive soils. / O caupi (Vigna unguiculata L.) é uma das culturas mais importantes da região Nordeste do Brasil, principalmente na economia de pequenos produtores rurais. A murcha-de-fusário e a rizoctoniose, causadas pelos fungos Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. tracheiphilum e Rhizoctonia solani, respectivamente, são as doenças mais freqüentes e de maior intensidade em caupi no Nordeste brasileiro. Esta tese teve como objetivos avaliar a supressividade natural de 66 solos do Nordeste brasileiro à murcha-de-fusário e rizotoniose do caupi, analisar as características físicas, químicas e biológicas dos solos associadas com a supressividade ou conducividade às doenças, bem como avaliar a estabilidade da supressividade de três solos à rizoctonose do caupi, considerando diferentes isolados e densidades de inóculo de R. solani. Em relação à severidade da murcha-de-fusário e da rizoctoniose do caupi, os solos avaliados foram agrupados desde fortemente supressivos a altamente conducivos. As principais variáveis envolvidas na supressividade da murcha-de-fusário foram elevados teores de fósforo e potássio, respiração basal (CO2 evoluído) e os índices de diversidade e eqüitabilidade microbiana. Para a rizoctoniose, foram determinadas correlações importantes com os níveis de fósforo, potássio e sódio, respiração basal e atividade enzimática de diacetato de fluoresceína. Não foram correlacionados fatores físicos com a supressividade à murcha-de-fusário, porém foi possível correlacionar os teores de areia, argila e silte com asupressividade e/ou conducividade da rizoctoniose. Três solos classificados como fortemente supressivos à rizoctoniose foram avaliados em relação a oito isolados e três densidades de inoculo de R. solani. Houve diferença significativa entre os solos e os isolados quanto aos níveis de severidade da doença. Nos três solos os níveis de severidade induzidos pelo isolado CMM-1053 foram similares aos verificados nos estudos prévios. A maioria dos isolados apresentou comportamentos diferente em função dos solos, com exceção dos isolados CMM-1064 e CMM-1066. Foi verificada diferença significativa entre os níveis de severidade da doença e as diferentes densidades de inoculo. Os três solos evidenciaram estabilidade em relação aos diferentes isolados de R. solani, porém a densidade de inóculo pode ser um fator limitante na implementação da supressividade natural dos solos ou da indução da supressividade em solos conducivos.
4

Produtividade de semente de soja em diferentes sistemas de cultivos na região de Ponte Serrada SC / Productivity of soybeans in different crop systems in the region of Ponte Serrada, Santa Catarina State

Maier, Maira 13 July 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Claudia Rocha (claudia.rocha@udesc.br) on 2018-02-27T14:11:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PGPV16MA205.pdf: 427999 bytes, checksum: c7848775f5c9f8d27f42c42baca419e2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-27T14:11:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGPV16MA205.pdf: 427999 bytes, checksum: c7848775f5c9f8d27f42c42baca419e2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-13 / FAPESC / Soybeans play an important role on the Brazilian agricultural activity as can be observed in increases on the production area, production, productivity and profitability. The main goals of this work were to evaluate the productivity of soybeans in order to identify the possible causes of physiological origin, morphological, plant health associated with soil physicochemical characteristics. The study was carried out during 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 vintages, in the region of Ponte Serrada, Santa Catarina state (Southern Brazil), in four crop systems described as: (1) no-till system, soybeans + oats + soybeans + oats, hereinafter designed as (soybeans + oats), (2): fallow land + maize + Soybeans + fallow land + soybeans, hereinafter designed as (soybeans + maize), (3): soybeans +wheat +soybeans + wheat, designed as (soybeans + wheat), and (4):soybeans + pasture + soybeans + pasture, designed as (soybeans + pasture). Were sampled two plantations per crop system. In each, two random points were sampled, a point with the presence of healthy plants and another with the presence of atypical plants. At each point we evaluated soil penetration resistance and their geographical coordinates recorded. Soil samples were collected at three depths (5, 10, and 20cm) in other to evaluate physicochemical characteristics. Five repetitions were performed. In each repetition, 20 plants were sampled for quantification of root diseases. The pathogens were identified by observing the visible symptoms below the cotyledonal node of those plants. The aerial part of the collected plants was used to estimate the productivity. Data were submitted to Pearson's correlation analysis in other evaluate the association between disease, yield, and physicochemical characteristics. The results showed: i) higher incidence of root rot, values above 50%, regardless of soybean crop system; and a prevalence of charcoal by Macrophomina phaseolina fungus in all croppin gr ost ycsateumsesd. II) Higher incidence of root rot did not influence the sanitary quality of soybean seeds. III) Higher seed yield was observed for soybeans +maize crop system with 2105 and 2300 kg ha-1, in the first and second crop harvest or vintage, respectively. IV) Soil physical analyses for the first vintage showed soil resistance to compression in all systems except the system 1. Results from the second vintage showed that trend only for systems 3 and 4. VI) Chemical properties varied according to cropping system and soil depth. Higher productivity of soybean seeds is highly correlated to the low incidence of root rot, unpacked soil, increases in soil pH to 6.5 and increased levels of phosphorus to 30 mg dm3 / A soja é a cultura de maior destaque na atividade agrícola no Brasil, considerando os incrementos registrados na área cultivada, na produção, na produtividade e na rentabilidade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produtividade de semente de soja, em lavouras de produção de semente, visando identificar as possíveis causas de origem fisiológica, morfológica, sanitária da planta ou associadas com as características físico-químicas do solo. O estudo de caso foi exploratório. As avaliações foram realizadas nas safras 2014/2015 e safras 2015/2016, na região de Ponte Serrada Santa Catarina, em lavouras conduzidas em sistema de plantio direto, assim descritos soja+aveia+soja+aveia (soja+aveia), soja+pousio+milho+pousio+soja (soja+milho), soja+trigo+soja+trigo (soja+trigo) e soja+pasto+soja+pasto (soja+pasto). Foram amostradas duas lavouras por sistema especificado. Em cada lavoura foram escolhidos dois pontos, um com presença de plantas sadias (sem reboleira) e outro com presença de plantas atípicas (com reboleira). Em cada ponto foram avaliados a resistência do solo a penetração e obtidas as respectivas coordenadas geográficas. Ambos os pontos foram divididos em cinco partes (repetições) onde foi amostrado o solo nas profundidades 5, 10, e 20 cm respectivamente, para avaliar suas características físicas e químicas. Em cada repetição de campo, foram coletadas separadamente 20 plantas para a quantificação de doenças radiculares. Os patógenos foram identificados pela sintomatologia visível na parte abaixo do nó cotiledonar destas plantas. A parte área das plantas colhidas em 5m lineares foi utilizada para estimativa de produtividade. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de correlação de Pearson para associar a relação entre doença, rendimento, fatores físicos e químicos do solo. Os resultados indicam: i)alta incidência de podridões radiculares, valores maiores que 50%, independente do sistema de cultivo de soja; mas com prevalência de macrofominia em todos os sistemas de cultivo ser soja+aveia, soja+milho, soja+trigo ou soja+pato. ii)Na patologia de sementes, a alta incidência de podridões radiculares não influenciou na qualidade sanitária das sementes de soja. iii)Para rendimento de sementes, o melhor sistema foi soja+milho, com 2105 e 2300 kg.ha-1, na primeira safra e segunda safra, respectivamente. iv) Análise física: na primeira safra a resistência a compactação ocorreu no sistema soja+milho, soja+pasto, soja+trigo, sem e com reboleira. Na segunda safra a resistência a compactação foi observada nos sistemas soja+pasto e soja+trigo, sem e com reboleira VI) Análise química: dependente do sistema avaliado e da profundidade em que o solo foi analisado. Alta produtividade de sementes está altamente correlacionada à baixa incidência de podridões radiculares, solo descompactado, elevação do pH do solo para 6,5 e aumento da teor de fósforo para 30 mg dm3

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